diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index fc060c89..bdf1e8dc 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CFLAGS+=-DGPU
 LDFLAGS+= -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lcuda -lcudart -lcublas -lcurand
 endif
 
-OBJ=gemm.o utils.o cuda.o deconvolutional_layer.o convolutional_layer.o list.o image.o activations.o im2col.o col2im.o blas.o crop_layer.o dropout_layer.o maxpool_layer.o softmax_layer.o data.o matrix.o network.o connected_layer.o cost_layer.o normalization_layer.o parser.o option_list.o darknet.o detection_layer.o imagenet.o captcha.o detection.o route_layer.o
+OBJ=gemm.o utils.o cuda.o deconvolutional_layer.o convolutional_layer.o list.o image.o activations.o im2col.o col2im.o blas.o crop_layer.o dropout_layer.o maxpool_layer.o softmax_layer.o data.o matrix.o network.o connected_layer.o cost_layer.o parser.o option_list.o darknet.o detection_layer.o imagenet.o captcha.o detection.o route_layer.o
 ifeq ($(GPU), 1) 
 OBJ+=convolutional_kernels.o deconvolutional_kernels.o activation_kernels.o im2col_kernels.o col2im_kernels.o blas_kernels.o crop_layer_kernels.o dropout_layer_kernels.o maxpool_layer_kernels.o softmax_layer_kernels.o network_kernels.o
 endif
diff --git a/src/connected_layer.c b/src/connected_layer.c
index bdab6d84..bff3602a 100644
--- a/src/connected_layer.c
+++ b/src/connected_layer.c
@@ -9,99 +9,97 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-connected_layer *make_connected_layer(int batch, int inputs, int outputs, ACTIVATION activation)
+connected_layer make_connected_layer(int batch, int inputs, int outputs, ACTIVATION activation)
 {
     int i;
-    connected_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(connected_layer));
+    connected_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = CONNECTED;
 
-    layer->inputs = inputs;
-    layer->outputs = outputs;
-    layer->batch=batch;
+    l.inputs = inputs;
+    l.outputs = outputs;
+    l.batch=batch;
 
-    layer->output = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float*));
-    layer->delta = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float*));
+    l.output = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float*));
+    l.delta = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float*));
 
-    layer->weight_updates = calloc(inputs*outputs, sizeof(float));
-    layer->bias_updates = calloc(outputs, sizeof(float));
+    l.weight_updates = calloc(inputs*outputs, sizeof(float));
+    l.bias_updates = calloc(outputs, sizeof(float));
 
-    layer->weight_prev = calloc(inputs*outputs, sizeof(float));
-    layer->bias_prev = calloc(outputs, sizeof(float));
-
-    layer->weights = calloc(inputs*outputs, sizeof(float));
-    layer->biases = calloc(outputs, sizeof(float));
+    l.weights = calloc(inputs*outputs, sizeof(float));
+    l.biases = calloc(outputs, sizeof(float));
 
 
     float scale = 1./sqrt(inputs);
     for(i = 0; i < inputs*outputs; ++i){
-        layer->weights[i] = 2*scale*rand_uniform() - scale;
+        l.weights[i] = 2*scale*rand_uniform() - scale;
     }
 
     for(i = 0; i < outputs; ++i){
-        layer->biases[i] = scale;
+        l.biases[i] = scale;
     }
 
 #ifdef GPU
-    layer->weights_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->weights, inputs*outputs);
-    layer->biases_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->biases, outputs);
+    l.weights_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.weights, inputs*outputs);
+    l.biases_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.biases, outputs);
 
-    layer->weight_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->weight_updates, inputs*outputs);
-    layer->bias_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->bias_updates, outputs);
+    l.weight_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.weight_updates, inputs*outputs);
+    l.bias_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.bias_updates, outputs);
 
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, outputs*batch);
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, outputs*batch);
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.output, outputs*batch);
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.delta, outputs*batch);
 #endif
-    layer->activation = activation;
+    l.activation = activation;
     fprintf(stderr, "Connected Layer: %d inputs, %d outputs\n", inputs, outputs);
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void update_connected_layer(connected_layer layer, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
+void update_connected_layer(connected_layer l, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
 {
-    axpy_cpu(layer.outputs, learning_rate/batch, layer.bias_updates, 1, layer.biases, 1);
-    scal_cpu(layer.outputs, momentum, layer.bias_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(l.outputs, learning_rate/batch, l.bias_updates, 1, l.biases, 1);
+    scal_cpu(l.outputs, momentum, l.bias_updates, 1);
 
-    axpy_cpu(layer.inputs*layer.outputs, -decay*batch, layer.weights, 1, layer.weight_updates, 1);
-    axpy_cpu(layer.inputs*layer.outputs, learning_rate/batch, layer.weight_updates, 1, layer.weights, 1);
-    scal_cpu(layer.inputs*layer.outputs, momentum, layer.weight_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(l.inputs*l.outputs, -decay*batch, l.weights, 1, l.weight_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(l.inputs*l.outputs, learning_rate/batch, l.weight_updates, 1, l.weights, 1);
+    scal_cpu(l.inputs*l.outputs, momentum, l.weight_updates, 1);
 }
 
-void forward_connected_layer(connected_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_connected_layer(connected_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        copy_cpu(layer.outputs, layer.biases, 1, layer.output + i*layer.outputs, 1);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        copy_cpu(l.outputs, l.biases, 1, l.output + i*l.outputs, 1);
     }
-    int m = layer.batch;
-    int k = layer.inputs;
-    int n = layer.outputs;
+    int m = l.batch;
+    int k = l.inputs;
+    int n = l.outputs;
     float *a = state.input;
-    float *b = layer.weights;
-    float *c = layer.output;
+    float *b = l.weights;
+    float *c = l.output;
     gemm(0,0,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,n,1,c,n);
-    activate_array(layer.output, layer.outputs*layer.batch, layer.activation);
+    activate_array(l.output, l.outputs*l.batch, l.activation);
 }
 
-void backward_connected_layer(connected_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_connected_layer(connected_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    gradient_array(layer.output, layer.outputs*layer.batch, layer.activation, layer.delta);
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        axpy_cpu(layer.outputs, 1, layer.delta + i*layer.outputs, 1, layer.bias_updates, 1);
+    gradient_array(l.output, l.outputs*l.batch, l.activation, l.delta);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        axpy_cpu(l.outputs, 1, l.delta + i*l.outputs, 1, l.bias_updates, 1);
     }
-    int m = layer.inputs;
-    int k = layer.batch;
-    int n = layer.outputs;
+    int m = l.inputs;
+    int k = l.batch;
+    int n = l.outputs;
     float *a = state.input;
-    float *b = layer.delta;
-    float *c = layer.weight_updates;
+    float *b = l.delta;
+    float *c = l.weight_updates;
     gemm(1,0,m,n,k,1,a,m,b,n,1,c,n);
 
-    m = layer.batch;
-    k = layer.outputs;
-    n = layer.inputs;
+    m = l.batch;
+    k = l.outputs;
+    n = l.inputs;
 
-    a = layer.delta;
-    b = layer.weights;
+    a = l.delta;
+    b = l.weights;
     c = state.delta;
 
     if(c) gemm(0,1,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,k,0,c,n);
@@ -109,69 +107,69 @@ void backward_connected_layer(connected_layer layer, network_state state)
 
 #ifdef GPU
 
-void pull_connected_layer(connected_layer layer)
+void pull_connected_layer(connected_layer l)
 {
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.weights_gpu, layer.weights, layer.inputs*layer.outputs);
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.biases_gpu, layer.biases, layer.outputs);
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.weight_updates_gpu, layer.weight_updates, layer.inputs*layer.outputs);
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.bias_updates_gpu, layer.bias_updates, layer.outputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.weights_gpu, l.weights, l.inputs*l.outputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.biases_gpu, l.biases, l.outputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.weight_updates_gpu, l.weight_updates, l.inputs*l.outputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.bias_updates_gpu, l.bias_updates, l.outputs);
 }
 
-void push_connected_layer(connected_layer layer)
+void push_connected_layer(connected_layer l)
 {
-    cuda_push_array(layer.weights_gpu, layer.weights, layer.inputs*layer.outputs);
-    cuda_push_array(layer.biases_gpu, layer.biases, layer.outputs);
-    cuda_push_array(layer.weight_updates_gpu, layer.weight_updates, layer.inputs*layer.outputs);
-    cuda_push_array(layer.bias_updates_gpu, layer.bias_updates, layer.outputs);
+    cuda_push_array(l.weights_gpu, l.weights, l.inputs*l.outputs);
+    cuda_push_array(l.biases_gpu, l.biases, l.outputs);
+    cuda_push_array(l.weight_updates_gpu, l.weight_updates, l.inputs*l.outputs);
+    cuda_push_array(l.bias_updates_gpu, l.bias_updates, l.outputs);
 }
 
-void update_connected_layer_gpu(connected_layer layer, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
+void update_connected_layer_gpu(connected_layer l, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
 {
-    axpy_ongpu(layer.outputs, learning_rate/batch, layer.bias_updates_gpu, 1, layer.biases_gpu, 1);
-    scal_ongpu(layer.outputs, momentum, layer.bias_updates_gpu, 1);
+    axpy_ongpu(l.outputs, learning_rate/batch, l.bias_updates_gpu, 1, l.biases_gpu, 1);
+    scal_ongpu(l.outputs, momentum, l.bias_updates_gpu, 1);
 
-    axpy_ongpu(layer.inputs*layer.outputs, -decay*batch, layer.weights_gpu, 1, layer.weight_updates_gpu, 1);
-    axpy_ongpu(layer.inputs*layer.outputs, learning_rate/batch, layer.weight_updates_gpu, 1, layer.weights_gpu, 1);
-    scal_ongpu(layer.inputs*layer.outputs, momentum, layer.weight_updates_gpu, 1);
+    axpy_ongpu(l.inputs*l.outputs, -decay*batch, l.weights_gpu, 1, l.weight_updates_gpu, 1);
+    axpy_ongpu(l.inputs*l.outputs, learning_rate/batch, l.weight_updates_gpu, 1, l.weights_gpu, 1);
+    scal_ongpu(l.inputs*l.outputs, momentum, l.weight_updates_gpu, 1);
 }
 
-void forward_connected_layer_gpu(connected_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_connected_layer_gpu(connected_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        copy_ongpu_offset(layer.outputs, layer.biases_gpu, 0, 1, layer.output_gpu, i*layer.outputs, 1);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        copy_ongpu_offset(l.outputs, l.biases_gpu, 0, 1, l.output_gpu, i*l.outputs, 1);
     }
-    int m = layer.batch;
-    int k = layer.inputs;
-    int n = layer.outputs;
+    int m = l.batch;
+    int k = l.inputs;
+    int n = l.outputs;
     float * a = state.input;
-    float * b = layer.weights_gpu;
-    float * c = layer.output_gpu;
+    float * b = l.weights_gpu;
+    float * c = l.output_gpu;
     gemm_ongpu(0,0,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,n,1,c,n);
-    activate_array_ongpu(layer.output_gpu, layer.outputs*layer.batch, layer.activation);
+    activate_array_ongpu(l.output_gpu, l.outputs*l.batch, l.activation);
 }
 
-void backward_connected_layer_gpu(connected_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_connected_layer_gpu(connected_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    gradient_array_ongpu(layer.output_gpu, layer.outputs*layer.batch, layer.activation, layer.delta_gpu);
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        axpy_ongpu_offset(layer.outputs, 1, layer.delta_gpu, i*layer.outputs, 1, layer.bias_updates_gpu, 0, 1);
+    gradient_array_ongpu(l.output_gpu, l.outputs*l.batch, l.activation, l.delta_gpu);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        axpy_ongpu_offset(l.outputs, 1, l.delta_gpu, i*l.outputs, 1, l.bias_updates_gpu, 0, 1);
     }
-    int m = layer.inputs;
-    int k = layer.batch;
-    int n = layer.outputs;
+    int m = l.inputs;
+    int k = l.batch;
+    int n = l.outputs;
     float * a = state.input;
-    float * b = layer.delta_gpu;
-    float * c = layer.weight_updates_gpu;
+    float * b = l.delta_gpu;
+    float * c = l.weight_updates_gpu;
     gemm_ongpu(1,0,m,n,k,1,a,m,b,n,1,c,n);
 
-    m = layer.batch;
-    k = layer.outputs;
-    n = layer.inputs;
+    m = l.batch;
+    k = l.outputs;
+    n = l.inputs;
 
-    a = layer.delta_gpu;
-    b = layer.weights_gpu;
+    a = l.delta_gpu;
+    b = l.weights_gpu;
     c = state.delta;
 
     if(c) gemm_ongpu(0,1,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,k,0,c,n);
diff --git a/src/connected_layer.h b/src/connected_layer.h
index 33002d2e..cea5a023 100644
--- a/src/connected_layer.h
+++ b/src/connected_layer.h
@@ -3,38 +3,11 @@
 
 #include "activations.h"
 #include "params.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct{
-    int batch;
-    int inputs;
-    int outputs;
-    float *weights;
-    float *biases;
+typedef layer connected_layer;
 
-    float *weight_updates;
-    float *bias_updates;
-
-    float *weight_prev;
-    float *bias_prev;
-
-    float *output;
-    float *delta;
-    
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * weights_gpu;
-    float * biases_gpu;
-
-    float * weight_updates_gpu;
-    float * bias_updates_gpu;
-
-    float * output_gpu;
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    #endif
-    ACTIVATION activation;
-
-} connected_layer;
-
-connected_layer *make_connected_layer(int batch, int inputs, int outputs, ACTIVATION activation);
+connected_layer make_connected_layer(int batch, int inputs, int outputs, ACTIVATION activation);
 
 void forward_connected_layer(connected_layer layer, network_state state);
 void backward_connected_layer(connected_layer layer, network_state state);
diff --git a/src/convolutional_layer.c b/src/convolutional_layer.c
index cd357d39..b6437d4d 100644
--- a/src/convolutional_layer.c
+++ b/src/convolutional_layer.c
@@ -7,111 +7,117 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
-int convolutional_out_height(convolutional_layer layer)
+int convolutional_out_height(convolutional_layer l)
 {
-    int h = layer.h;
-    if (!layer.pad) h -= layer.size;
+    int h = l.h;
+    if (!l.pad) h -= l.size;
     else h -= 1;
-    return h/layer.stride + 1;
+    return h/l.stride + 1;
 }
 
-int convolutional_out_width(convolutional_layer layer)
+int convolutional_out_width(convolutional_layer l)
 {
-    int w = layer.w;
-    if (!layer.pad) w -= layer.size;
+    int w = l.w;
+    if (!l.pad) w -= l.size;
     else w -= 1;
-    return w/layer.stride + 1;
+    return w/l.stride + 1;
 }
 
-image get_convolutional_image(convolutional_layer layer)
+image get_convolutional_image(convolutional_layer l)
 {
     int h,w,c;
-    h = convolutional_out_height(layer);
-    w = convolutional_out_width(layer);
-    c = layer.n;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.output);
+    h = convolutional_out_height(l);
+    w = convolutional_out_width(l);
+    c = l.n;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.output);
 }
 
-image get_convolutional_delta(convolutional_layer layer)
+image get_convolutional_delta(convolutional_layer l)
 {
     int h,w,c;
-    h = convolutional_out_height(layer);
-    w = convolutional_out_width(layer);
-    c = layer.n;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.delta);
+    h = convolutional_out_height(l);
+    w = convolutional_out_width(l);
+    c = l.n;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.delta);
 }
 
-convolutional_layer *make_convolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, int pad, ACTIVATION activation)
+convolutional_layer make_convolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, int pad, ACTIVATION activation)
 {
     int i;
-    convolutional_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(convolutional_layer));
+    convolutional_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = CONVOLUTIONAL;
 
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    layer->c = c;
-    layer->n = n;
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->stride = stride;
-    layer->size = size;
-    layer->pad = pad;
+    l.h = h;
+    l.w = w;
+    l.c = c;
+    l.n = n;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.stride = stride;
+    l.size = size;
+    l.pad = pad;
 
-    layer->filters = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
-    layer->filter_updates = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
+    l.filters = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
+    l.filter_updates = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
 
-    layer->biases = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
-    layer->bias_updates = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
+    l.biases = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
+    l.bias_updates = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
     float scale = 1./sqrt(size*size*c);
-    for(i = 0; i < c*n*size*size; ++i) layer->filters[i] = 2*scale*rand_uniform() - scale;
+    for(i = 0; i < c*n*size*size; ++i) l.filters[i] = 2*scale*rand_uniform() - scale;
     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
-        layer->biases[i] = scale;
+        l.biases[i] = scale;
     }
-    int out_h = convolutional_out_height(*layer);
-    int out_w = convolutional_out_width(*layer);
+    int out_h = convolutional_out_height(l);
+    int out_w = convolutional_out_width(l);
+    l.out_h = out_h;
+    l.out_w = out_w;
+    l.out_c = n;
+    l.outputs = l.out_h * l.out_w * l.out_c;
+    l.inputs = l.w * l.h * l.c;
 
-    layer->col_image = calloc(out_h*out_w*size*size*c, sizeof(float));
-    layer->output = calloc(layer->batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta  = calloc(layer->batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
+    l.col_image = calloc(out_h*out_w*size*size*c, sizeof(float));
+    l.output = calloc(l.batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
+    l.delta  = calloc(l.batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
 
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->filters_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->filters, c*n*size*size);
-    layer->filter_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->filter_updates, c*n*size*size);
+    l.filters_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.filters, c*n*size*size);
+    l.filter_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.filter_updates, c*n*size*size);
 
-    layer->biases_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->biases, n);
-    layer->bias_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->bias_updates, n);
+    l.biases_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.biases, n);
+    l.bias_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.bias_updates, n);
 
-    layer->col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->col_image, out_h*out_w*size*size*c);
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*n);
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*n);
+    l.col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.col_image, out_h*out_w*size*size*c);
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.delta, l.batch*out_h*out_w*n);
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.output, l.batch*out_h*out_w*n);
     #endif
-    layer->activation = activation;
+    l.activation = activation;
 
     fprintf(stderr, "Convolutional Layer: %d x %d x %d image, %d filters -> %d x %d x %d image\n", h,w,c,n, out_h, out_w, n);
 
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void resize_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer *layer, int h, int w)
+void resize_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer *l, int h, int w)
 {
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    int out_h = convolutional_out_height(*layer);
-    int out_w = convolutional_out_width(*layer);
+    l->h = h;
+    l->w = w;
+    int out_h = convolutional_out_height(*l);
+    int out_w = convolutional_out_width(*l);
 
-    layer->col_image = realloc(layer->col_image,
-                                out_h*out_w*layer->size*layer->size*layer->c*sizeof(float));
-    layer->output = realloc(layer->output,
-                                layer->batch*out_h * out_w * layer->n*sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta  = realloc(layer->delta,
-                                layer->batch*out_h * out_w * layer->n*sizeof(float));
+    l->col_image = realloc(l->col_image,
+                                out_h*out_w*l->size*l->size*l->c*sizeof(float));
+    l->output = realloc(l->output,
+                                l->batch*out_h * out_w * l->n*sizeof(float));
+    l->delta  = realloc(l->delta,
+                                l->batch*out_h * out_w * l->n*sizeof(float));
 
     #ifdef GPU
-    cuda_free(layer->col_image_gpu);
-    cuda_free(layer->delta_gpu);
-    cuda_free(layer->output_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->col_image_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->delta_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->output_gpu);
 
-    layer->col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->col_image, out_h*out_w*layer->size*layer->size*layer->c);
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*layer->n);
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*layer->n);
+    l->col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->col_image, out_h*out_w*l->size*l->size*l->c);
+    l->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->delta, l->batch*out_h*out_w*l->n);
+    l->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->output, l->batch*out_h*out_w*l->n);
     #endif
 }
 
@@ -138,104 +144,104 @@ void backward_bias(float *bias_updates, float *delta, int batch, int n, int size
 }
 
 
-void forward_convolutional_layer(const convolutional_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_convolutional_layer(const convolutional_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    int out_h = convolutional_out_height(layer);
-    int out_w = convolutional_out_width(layer);
+    int out_h = convolutional_out_height(l);
+    int out_w = convolutional_out_width(l);
     int i;
 
-    bias_output(layer.output, layer.biases, layer.batch, layer.n, out_h*out_w);
+    bias_output(l.output, l.biases, l.batch, l.n, out_h*out_w);
 
-    int m = layer.n;
-    int k = layer.size*layer.size*layer.c;
+    int m = l.n;
+    int k = l.size*l.size*l.c;
     int n = out_h*out_w;
 
-    float *a = layer.filters;
-    float *b = layer.col_image;
-    float *c = layer.output;
+    float *a = l.filters;
+    float *b = l.col_image;
+    float *c = l.output;
 
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        im2col_cpu(state.input, layer.c, layer.h, layer.w, 
-            layer.size, layer.stride, layer.pad, b);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        im2col_cpu(state.input, l.c, l.h, l.w, 
+            l.size, l.stride, l.pad, b);
         gemm(0,0,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,n,1,c,n);
         c += n*m;
-        state.input += layer.c*layer.h*layer.w;
+        state.input += l.c*l.h*l.w;
     }
-    activate_array(layer.output, m*n*layer.batch, layer.activation);
+    activate_array(l.output, m*n*l.batch, l.activation);
 }
 
-void backward_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    int m = layer.n;
-    int n = layer.size*layer.size*layer.c;
-    int k = convolutional_out_height(layer)*
-        convolutional_out_width(layer);
+    int m = l.n;
+    int n = l.size*l.size*l.c;
+    int k = convolutional_out_height(l)*
+        convolutional_out_width(l);
 
-    gradient_array(layer.output, m*k*layer.batch, layer.activation, layer.delta);
-    backward_bias(layer.bias_updates, layer.delta, layer.batch, layer.n, k);
+    gradient_array(l.output, m*k*l.batch, l.activation, l.delta);
+    backward_bias(l.bias_updates, l.delta, l.batch, l.n, k);
 
-    if(state.delta) memset(state.delta, 0, layer.batch*layer.h*layer.w*layer.c*sizeof(float));
+    if(state.delta) memset(state.delta, 0, l.batch*l.h*l.w*l.c*sizeof(float));
 
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        float *a = layer.delta + i*m*k;
-        float *b = layer.col_image;
-        float *c = layer.filter_updates;
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        float *a = l.delta + i*m*k;
+        float *b = l.col_image;
+        float *c = l.filter_updates;
 
-        float *im = state.input+i*layer.c*layer.h*layer.w;
+        float *im = state.input+i*l.c*l.h*l.w;
 
-        im2col_cpu(im, layer.c, layer.h, layer.w, 
-                layer.size, layer.stride, layer.pad, b);
+        im2col_cpu(im, l.c, l.h, l.w, 
+                l.size, l.stride, l.pad, b);
         gemm(0,1,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,k,1,c,n);
 
         if(state.delta){
-            a = layer.filters;
-            b = layer.delta + i*m*k;
-            c = layer.col_image;
+            a = l.filters;
+            b = l.delta + i*m*k;
+            c = l.col_image;
 
             gemm(1,0,n,k,m,1,a,n,b,k,0,c,k);
 
-            col2im_cpu(layer.col_image, layer.c,  layer.h,  layer.w,  layer.size,  layer.stride, layer.pad, state.delta+i*layer.c*layer.h*layer.w);
+            col2im_cpu(l.col_image, l.c,  l.h,  l.w,  l.size,  l.stride, l.pad, state.delta+i*l.c*l.h*l.w);
         }
     }
 }
 
-void update_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer layer, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
+void update_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer l, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
 {
-    int size = layer.size*layer.size*layer.c*layer.n;
-    axpy_cpu(layer.n, learning_rate/batch, layer.bias_updates, 1, layer.biases, 1);
-    scal_cpu(layer.n, momentum, layer.bias_updates, 1);
+    int size = l.size*l.size*l.c*l.n;
+    axpy_cpu(l.n, learning_rate/batch, l.bias_updates, 1, l.biases, 1);
+    scal_cpu(l.n, momentum, l.bias_updates, 1);
 
-    axpy_cpu(size, -decay*batch, layer.filters, 1, layer.filter_updates, 1);
-    axpy_cpu(size, learning_rate/batch, layer.filter_updates, 1, layer.filters, 1);
-    scal_cpu(size, momentum, layer.filter_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(size, -decay*batch, l.filters, 1, l.filter_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(size, learning_rate/batch, l.filter_updates, 1, l.filters, 1);
+    scal_cpu(size, momentum, l.filter_updates, 1);
 }
 
 
-image get_convolutional_filter(convolutional_layer layer, int i)
+image get_convolutional_filter(convolutional_layer l, int i)
 {
-    int h = layer.size;
-    int w = layer.size;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.filters+i*h*w*c);
+    int h = l.size;
+    int w = l.size;
+    int c = l.c;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.filters+i*h*w*c);
 }
 
-image *get_filters(convolutional_layer layer)
+image *get_filters(convolutional_layer l)
 {
-    image *filters = calloc(layer.n, sizeof(image));
+    image *filters = calloc(l.n, sizeof(image));
     int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.n; ++i){
-        filters[i] = copy_image(get_convolutional_filter(layer, i));
+    for(i = 0; i < l.n; ++i){
+        filters[i] = copy_image(get_convolutional_filter(l, i));
     }
     return filters;
 }
 
-image *visualize_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer layer, char *window, image *prev_filters)
+image *visualize_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer l, char *window, image *prev_filters)
 {
-    image *single_filters = get_filters(layer);
-    show_images(single_filters, layer.n, window);
+    image *single_filters = get_filters(l);
+    show_images(single_filters, l.n, window);
 
-    image delta = get_convolutional_image(layer);
+    image delta = get_convolutional_image(l);
     image dc = collapse_image_layers(delta, 1);
     char buff[256];
     sprintf(buff, "%s: Output", window);
diff --git a/src/convolutional_layer.h b/src/convolutional_layer.h
index 5cf8adca..334759cd 100644
--- a/src/convolutional_layer.h
+++ b/src/convolutional_layer.h
@@ -5,38 +5,9 @@
 #include "params.h"
 #include "image.h"
 #include "activations.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int h,w,c;
-    int n;
-    int size;
-    int stride;
-    int pad;
-    float *filters;
-    float *filter_updates;
-
-    float *biases;
-    float *bias_updates;
-
-    float *col_image;
-    float *delta;
-    float *output;
-
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * filters_gpu;
-    float * filter_updates_gpu;
-
-    float * biases_gpu;
-    float * bias_updates_gpu;
-
-    float * col_image_gpu;
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    float * output_gpu;
-    #endif
-
-    ACTIVATION activation;
-} convolutional_layer;
+typedef layer convolutional_layer;
 
 #ifdef GPU
 void forward_convolutional_layer_gpu(convolutional_layer layer, network_state state);
@@ -50,7 +21,7 @@ void bias_output_gpu(float *output, float *biases, int batch, int n, int size);
 void backward_bias_gpu(float *bias_updates, float *delta, int batch, int n, int size);
 #endif
 
-convolutional_layer *make_convolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, int pad, ACTIVATION activation);
+convolutional_layer make_convolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, int pad, ACTIVATION activation);
 void resize_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer *layer, int h, int w);
 void forward_convolutional_layer(const convolutional_layer layer, network_state state);
 void update_convolutional_layer(convolutional_layer layer, int batch, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay);
diff --git a/src/cost_layer.c b/src/cost_layer.c
index 1f36232b..24f6ffa3 100644
--- a/src/cost_layer.c
+++ b/src/cost_layer.c
@@ -26,70 +26,73 @@ char *get_cost_string(COST_TYPE a)
     return "sse";
 }
 
-cost_layer *make_cost_layer(int batch, int inputs, COST_TYPE type)
+cost_layer make_cost_layer(int batch, int inputs, COST_TYPE cost_type)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Cost Layer: %d inputs\n", inputs);
-    cost_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(cost_layer));
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->inputs = inputs;
-    layer->type = type;
-    layer->delta = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
-    layer->output = calloc(1, sizeof(float));
+    cost_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = COST;
+
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.inputs = inputs;
+    l.outputs = inputs;
+    l.cost_type = cost_type;
+    l.delta = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
+    l.output = calloc(1, sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, inputs*batch);
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.delta, inputs*batch);
     #endif
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void forward_cost_layer(cost_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_cost_layer(cost_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     if (!state.truth) return;
-    if(layer.type == MASKED){
+    if(l.cost_type == MASKED){
         int i;
-        for(i = 0; i < layer.batch*layer.inputs; ++i){
+        for(i = 0; i < l.batch*l.inputs; ++i){
             if(state.truth[i] == 0) state.input[i] = 0;
         }
     }
-    copy_cpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, state.truth, 1, layer.delta, 1);
-    axpy_cpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, -1, state.input, 1, layer.delta, 1);
-    *(layer.output) = dot_cpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, layer.delta, 1, layer.delta, 1);
-    //printf("cost: %f\n", *layer.output);
+    copy_cpu(l.batch*l.inputs, state.truth, 1, l.delta, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(l.batch*l.inputs, -1, state.input, 1, l.delta, 1);
+    *(l.output) = dot_cpu(l.batch*l.inputs, l.delta, 1, l.delta, 1);
+    //printf("cost: %f\n", *l.output);
 }
 
-void backward_cost_layer(const cost_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_cost_layer(const cost_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    copy_cpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, layer.delta, 1, state.delta, 1);
+    copy_cpu(l.batch*l.inputs, l.delta, 1, state.delta, 1);
 }
 
 #ifdef GPU
 
-void pull_cost_layer(cost_layer layer)
+void pull_cost_layer(cost_layer l)
 {
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.delta_gpu, layer.delta, layer.batch*layer.inputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.delta_gpu, l.delta, l.batch*l.inputs);
 }
 
-void push_cost_layer(cost_layer layer)
+void push_cost_layer(cost_layer l)
 {
-    cuda_push_array(layer.delta_gpu, layer.delta, layer.batch*layer.inputs);
+    cuda_push_array(l.delta_gpu, l.delta, l.batch*l.inputs);
 }
 
-void forward_cost_layer_gpu(cost_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_cost_layer_gpu(cost_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     if (!state.truth) return;
-    if (layer.type == MASKED) {
-        mask_ongpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, state.input, state.truth);
+    if (l.cost_type == MASKED) {
+        mask_ongpu(l.batch*l.inputs, state.input, state.truth);
     }
     
-    copy_ongpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, state.truth, 1, layer.delta_gpu, 1);
-    axpy_ongpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, -1, state.input, 1, layer.delta_gpu, 1);
+    copy_ongpu(l.batch*l.inputs, state.truth, 1, l.delta_gpu, 1);
+    axpy_ongpu(l.batch*l.inputs, -1, state.input, 1, l.delta_gpu, 1);
 
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.delta_gpu, layer.delta, layer.batch*layer.inputs);
-    *(layer.output) = dot_cpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, layer.delta, 1, layer.delta, 1);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.delta_gpu, l.delta, l.batch*l.inputs);
+    *(l.output) = dot_cpu(l.batch*l.inputs, l.delta, 1, l.delta, 1);
 }
 
-void backward_cost_layer_gpu(const cost_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_cost_layer_gpu(const cost_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    copy_ongpu(layer.batch*layer.inputs, layer.delta_gpu, 1, state.delta, 1);
+    copy_ongpu(l.batch*l.inputs, l.delta_gpu, 1, state.delta, 1);
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/cost_layer.h b/src/cost_layer.h
index 0b92a11b..07323239 100644
--- a/src/cost_layer.h
+++ b/src/cost_layer.h
@@ -1,33 +1,19 @@
 #ifndef COST_LAYER_H
 #define COST_LAYER_H
 #include "params.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef enum{
-    SSE, MASKED
-} COST_TYPE;
-
-typedef struct {
-    int inputs;
-    int batch;
-    int coords;
-    int classes;
-    float *delta;
-    float *output;
-    COST_TYPE type;
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    #endif
-} cost_layer;
+typedef layer cost_layer;
 
 COST_TYPE get_cost_type(char *s);
 char *get_cost_string(COST_TYPE a);
-cost_layer *make_cost_layer(int batch, int inputs, COST_TYPE type);
-void forward_cost_layer(const cost_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_cost_layer(const cost_layer layer, network_state state);
+cost_layer make_cost_layer(int batch, int inputs, COST_TYPE type);
+void forward_cost_layer(const cost_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_cost_layer(const cost_layer l, network_state state);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_cost_layer_gpu(cost_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_cost_layer_gpu(const cost_layer layer, network_state state);
+void forward_cost_layer_gpu(cost_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_cost_layer_gpu(const cost_layer l, network_state state);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/crop_layer.c b/src/crop_layer.c
index 7ae4aa5d..13190219 100644
--- a/src/crop_layer.c
+++ b/src/crop_layer.c
@@ -2,63 +2,69 @@
 #include "cuda.h"
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-image get_crop_image(crop_layer layer)
+image get_crop_image(crop_layer l)
 {
-    int h = layer.crop_height;
-    int w = layer.crop_width;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.output);
+    int h = l.out_h;
+    int w = l.out_w;
+    int c = l.out_c;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.output);
 }
 
-crop_layer *make_crop_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int crop_height, int crop_width, int flip, float angle, float saturation, float exposure)
+crop_layer make_crop_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int crop_height, int crop_width, int flip, float angle, float saturation, float exposure)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Crop Layer: %d x %d -> %d x %d x %d image\n", h,w,crop_height,crop_width,c);
-    crop_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(crop_layer));
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    layer->c = c;
-    layer->flip = flip;
-    layer->angle = angle;
-    layer->saturation = saturation;
-    layer->exposure = exposure;
-    layer->crop_width = crop_width;
-    layer->crop_height = crop_height;
-    layer->output = calloc(crop_width*crop_height * c*batch, sizeof(float));
+    crop_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = CROP;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.h = h;
+    l.w = w;
+    l.c = c;
+    l.flip = flip;
+    l.angle = angle;
+    l.saturation = saturation;
+    l.exposure = exposure;
+    l.crop_width = crop_width;
+    l.crop_height = crop_height;
+    l.out_w = crop_width;
+    l.out_h = crop_height;
+    l.out_c = c;
+    l.inputs = l.w * l.h * l.c;
+    l.outputs = l.out_w * l.out_h * l.out_c;
+    l.output = calloc(crop_width*crop_height * c*batch, sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, crop_width*crop_height*c*batch);
-    layer->rand_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, layer->batch*8);
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.output, crop_width*crop_height*c*batch);
+    l.rand_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, l.batch*8);
     #endif
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void forward_crop_layer(const crop_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_crop_layer(const crop_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i,j,c,b,row,col;
     int index;
     int count = 0;
-    int flip = (layer.flip && rand()%2);
-    int dh = rand()%(layer.h - layer.crop_height + 1);
-    int dw = rand()%(layer.w - layer.crop_width + 1);
+    int flip = (l.flip && rand()%2);
+    int dh = rand()%(l.h - l.crop_height + 1);
+    int dw = rand()%(l.w - l.crop_width + 1);
     float scale = 2;
     float trans = -1;
     if(!state.train){
         flip = 0;
-        dh = (layer.h - layer.crop_height)/2;
-        dw = (layer.w - layer.crop_width)/2;
+        dh = (l.h - l.crop_height)/2;
+        dw = (l.w - l.crop_width)/2;
     }
-    for(b = 0; b < layer.batch; ++b){
-        for(c = 0; c < layer.c; ++c){
-            for(i = 0; i < layer.crop_height; ++i){
-                for(j = 0; j < layer.crop_width; ++j){
+    for(b = 0; b < l.batch; ++b){
+        for(c = 0; c < l.c; ++c){
+            for(i = 0; i < l.crop_height; ++i){
+                for(j = 0; j < l.crop_width; ++j){
                     if(flip){
-                        col = layer.w - dw - j - 1;    
+                        col = l.w - dw - j - 1;    
                     }else{
                         col = j + dw;
                     }
                     row = i + dh;
-                    index = col+layer.w*(row+layer.h*(c + layer.c*b)); 
-                    layer.output[count++] = state.input[index]*scale + trans;
+                    index = col+l.w*(row+l.h*(c + l.c*b)); 
+                    l.output[count++] = state.input[index]*scale + trans;
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/crop_layer.h b/src/crop_layer.h
index 00333391..81641862 100644
--- a/src/crop_layer.h
+++ b/src/crop_layer.h
@@ -3,29 +3,16 @@
 
 #include "image.h"
 #include "params.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int h,w,c;
-    int crop_width;
-    int crop_height;
-    int flip;
-    float angle;
-    float saturation;
-    float exposure;
-    float *output;
-#ifdef GPU
-    float *output_gpu;
-    float *rand_gpu;
-#endif
-} crop_layer;
+typedef layer crop_layer;
 
-image get_crop_image(crop_layer layer);
-crop_layer *make_crop_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int crop_height, int crop_width, int flip, float angle, float saturation, float exposure);
-void forward_crop_layer(const crop_layer layer, network_state state);
+image get_crop_image(crop_layer l);
+crop_layer make_crop_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int crop_height, int crop_width, int flip, float angle, float saturation, float exposure);
+void forward_crop_layer(const crop_layer l, network_state state);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_crop_layer_gpu(crop_layer layer, network_state state);
+void forward_crop_layer_gpu(crop_layer l, network_state state);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/darknet.c b/src/darknet.c
index 411efdf7..37f80ecd 100644
--- a/src/darknet.c
+++ b/src/darknet.c
@@ -72,15 +72,6 @@ void partial(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile, char *outfile, int max)
     save_weights(net, outfile);
 }
 
-void convert(char *cfgfile, char *outfile, char *weightfile)
-{
-    network net = parse_network_cfg(cfgfile);
-    if(weightfile){
-        load_weights(&net, weightfile);
-    }
-    save_network(net, outfile);
-}
-
 void visualize(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
 {
     network net = parse_network_cfg(cfgfile);
@@ -120,8 +111,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         run_captcha(argc, argv);
     } else if (0 == strcmp(argv[1], "change")){
         change_rate(argv[2], atof(argv[3]), (argc > 4) ? atof(argv[4]) : 0);
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(argv[1], "convert")){
-        convert(argv[2], argv[3], (argc > 4) ? argv[4] : 0);
     } else if (0 == strcmp(argv[1], "partial")){
         partial(argv[2], argv[3], argv[4], atoi(argv[5]));
     } else if (0 == strcmp(argv[1], "visualize")){
diff --git a/src/data.c b/src/data.c
index 0aad98ca..902f30cf 100644
--- a/src/data.c
+++ b/src/data.c
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ void fill_truth_detection(char *path, float *truth, int classes, int num_boxes,
         }
 
         int index = (i+j*num_boxes)*(4+classes+background);
-        if(truth[index+classes+background+2]) continue;
+        //if(truth[index+classes+background+2]) continue;
         if(background) truth[index++] = 0;
         truth[index+id] = 1;
         index += classes;
diff --git a/src/deconvolutional_layer.c b/src/deconvolutional_layer.c
index 532045c2..524fc958 100644
--- a/src/deconvolutional_layer.c
+++ b/src/deconvolutional_layer.c
@@ -8,172 +8,179 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
-int deconvolutional_out_height(deconvolutional_layer layer)
+int deconvolutional_out_height(deconvolutional_layer l)
 {
-    int h = layer.stride*(layer.h - 1) + layer.size;
+    int h = l.stride*(l.h - 1) + l.size;
     return h;
 }
 
-int deconvolutional_out_width(deconvolutional_layer layer)
+int deconvolutional_out_width(deconvolutional_layer l)
 {
-    int w = layer.stride*(layer.w - 1) + layer.size;
+    int w = l.stride*(l.w - 1) + l.size;
     return w;
 }
 
-int deconvolutional_out_size(deconvolutional_layer layer)
+int deconvolutional_out_size(deconvolutional_layer l)
 {
-    return deconvolutional_out_height(layer) * deconvolutional_out_width(layer);
+    return deconvolutional_out_height(l) * deconvolutional_out_width(l);
 }
 
-image get_deconvolutional_image(deconvolutional_layer layer)
+image get_deconvolutional_image(deconvolutional_layer l)
 {
     int h,w,c;
-    h = deconvolutional_out_height(layer);
-    w = deconvolutional_out_width(layer);
-    c = layer.n;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.output);
+    h = deconvolutional_out_height(l);
+    w = deconvolutional_out_width(l);
+    c = l.n;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.output);
 }
 
-image get_deconvolutional_delta(deconvolutional_layer layer)
+image get_deconvolutional_delta(deconvolutional_layer l)
 {
     int h,w,c;
-    h = deconvolutional_out_height(layer);
-    w = deconvolutional_out_width(layer);
-    c = layer.n;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.delta);
+    h = deconvolutional_out_height(l);
+    w = deconvolutional_out_width(l);
+    c = l.n;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.delta);
 }
 
-deconvolutional_layer *make_deconvolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, ACTIVATION activation)
+deconvolutional_layer make_deconvolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, ACTIVATION activation)
 {
     int i;
-    deconvolutional_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(deconvolutional_layer));
+    deconvolutional_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = DECONVOLUTIONAL;
 
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    layer->c = c;
-    layer->n = n;
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->stride = stride;
-    layer->size = size;
+    l.h = h;
+    l.w = w;
+    l.c = c;
+    l.n = n;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.stride = stride;
+    l.size = size;
 
-    layer->filters = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
-    layer->filter_updates = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
+    l.filters = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
+    l.filter_updates = calloc(c*n*size*size, sizeof(float));
 
-    layer->biases = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
-    layer->bias_updates = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
+    l.biases = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
+    l.bias_updates = calloc(n, sizeof(float));
     float scale = 1./sqrt(size*size*c);
-    for(i = 0; i < c*n*size*size; ++i) layer->filters[i] = scale*rand_normal();
+    for(i = 0; i < c*n*size*size; ++i) l.filters[i] = scale*rand_normal();
     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
-        layer->biases[i] = scale;
+        l.biases[i] = scale;
     }
-    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(*layer);
-    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(*layer);
+    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(l);
+    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(l);
 
-    layer->col_image = calloc(h*w*size*size*n, sizeof(float));
-    layer->output = calloc(layer->batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta  = calloc(layer->batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
+    l.out_h = out_h;
+    l.out_w = out_w;
+    l.out_c = n;
+    l.outputs = l.out_w * l.out_h * l.out_c;
+    l.inputs = l.w * l.h * l.c;
+
+    l.col_image = calloc(h*w*size*size*n, sizeof(float));
+    l.output = calloc(l.batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
+    l.delta  = calloc(l.batch*out_h * out_w * n, sizeof(float));
 
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->filters_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->filters, c*n*size*size);
-    layer->filter_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->filter_updates, c*n*size*size);
+    l.filters_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.filters, c*n*size*size);
+    l.filter_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.filter_updates, c*n*size*size);
 
-    layer->biases_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->biases, n);
-    layer->bias_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->bias_updates, n);
+    l.biases_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.biases, n);
+    l.bias_updates_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.bias_updates, n);
 
-    layer->col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->col_image, h*w*size*size*n);
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*n);
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*n);
+    l.col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.col_image, h*w*size*size*n);
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.delta, l.batch*out_h*out_w*n);
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.output, l.batch*out_h*out_w*n);
     #endif
 
-    layer->activation = activation;
+    l.activation = activation;
 
     fprintf(stderr, "Deconvolutional Layer: %d x %d x %d image, %d filters -> %d x %d x %d image\n", h,w,c,n, out_h, out_w, n);
 
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void resize_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer *layer, int h, int w)
+void resize_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer *l, int h, int w)
 {
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(*layer);
-    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(*layer);
+    l->h = h;
+    l->w = w;
+    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(*l);
+    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(*l);
 
-    layer->col_image = realloc(layer->col_image,
-                                out_h*out_w*layer->size*layer->size*layer->c*sizeof(float));
-    layer->output = realloc(layer->output,
-                                layer->batch*out_h * out_w * layer->n*sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta  = realloc(layer->delta,
-                                layer->batch*out_h * out_w * layer->n*sizeof(float));
+    l->col_image = realloc(l->col_image,
+                                out_h*out_w*l->size*l->size*l->c*sizeof(float));
+    l->output = realloc(l->output,
+                                l->batch*out_h * out_w * l->n*sizeof(float));
+    l->delta  = realloc(l->delta,
+                                l->batch*out_h * out_w * l->n*sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    cuda_free(layer->col_image_gpu);
-    cuda_free(layer->delta_gpu);
-    cuda_free(layer->output_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->col_image_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->delta_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->output_gpu);
 
-    layer->col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->col_image, out_h*out_w*layer->size*layer->size*layer->c);
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*layer->n);
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, layer->batch*out_h*out_w*layer->n);
+    l->col_image_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->col_image, out_h*out_w*l->size*l->size*l->c);
+    l->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->delta, l->batch*out_h*out_w*l->n);
+    l->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->output, l->batch*out_h*out_w*l->n);
     #endif
 }
 
-void forward_deconvolutional_layer(const deconvolutional_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_deconvolutional_layer(const deconvolutional_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(layer);
-    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(layer);
+    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(l);
+    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(l);
     int size = out_h*out_w;
 
-    int m = layer.size*layer.size*layer.n;
-    int n = layer.h*layer.w;
-    int k = layer.c;
+    int m = l.size*l.size*l.n;
+    int n = l.h*l.w;
+    int k = l.c;
 
-    bias_output(layer.output, layer.biases, layer.batch, layer.n, size);
+    bias_output(l.output, l.biases, l.batch, l.n, size);
 
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        float *a = layer.filters;
-        float *b = state.input + i*layer.c*layer.h*layer.w;
-        float *c = layer.col_image;
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        float *a = l.filters;
+        float *b = state.input + i*l.c*l.h*l.w;
+        float *c = l.col_image;
 
         gemm(1,0,m,n,k,1,a,m,b,n,0,c,n);
 
-        col2im_cpu(c, layer.n, out_h, out_w, layer.size, layer.stride, 0, layer.output+i*layer.n*size);
+        col2im_cpu(c, l.n, out_h, out_w, l.size, l.stride, 0, l.output+i*l.n*size);
     }
-    activate_array(layer.output, layer.batch*layer.n*size, layer.activation);
+    activate_array(l.output, l.batch*l.n*size, l.activation);
 }
 
-void backward_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    float alpha = 1./layer.batch;
-    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(layer);
-    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(layer);
+    float alpha = 1./l.batch;
+    int out_h = deconvolutional_out_height(l);
+    int out_w = deconvolutional_out_width(l);
     int size = out_h*out_w;
     int i;
 
-    gradient_array(layer.output, size*layer.n*layer.batch, layer.activation, layer.delta);
-    backward_bias(layer.bias_updates, layer.delta, layer.batch, layer.n, size);
+    gradient_array(l.output, size*l.n*l.batch, l.activation, l.delta);
+    backward_bias(l.bias_updates, l.delta, l.batch, l.n, size);
 
-    if(state.delta) memset(state.delta, 0, layer.batch*layer.h*layer.w*layer.c*sizeof(float));
+    if(state.delta) memset(state.delta, 0, l.batch*l.h*l.w*l.c*sizeof(float));
 
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch; ++i){
-        int m = layer.c;
-        int n = layer.size*layer.size*layer.n;
-        int k = layer.h*layer.w;
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch; ++i){
+        int m = l.c;
+        int n = l.size*l.size*l.n;
+        int k = l.h*l.w;
 
         float *a = state.input + i*m*n;
-        float *b = layer.col_image;
-        float *c = layer.filter_updates;
+        float *b = l.col_image;
+        float *c = l.filter_updates;
 
-        im2col_cpu(layer.delta + i*layer.n*size, layer.n, out_h, out_w, 
-                layer.size, layer.stride, 0, b);
+        im2col_cpu(l.delta + i*l.n*size, l.n, out_h, out_w, 
+                l.size, l.stride, 0, b);
         gemm(0,1,m,n,k,alpha,a,k,b,k,1,c,n);
 
         if(state.delta){
-            int m = layer.c;
-            int n = layer.h*layer.w;
-            int k = layer.size*layer.size*layer.n;
+            int m = l.c;
+            int n = l.h*l.w;
+            int k = l.size*l.size*l.n;
 
-            float *a = layer.filters;
-            float *b = layer.col_image;
+            float *a = l.filters;
+            float *b = l.col_image;
             float *c = state.delta + i*n*m;
 
             gemm(0,0,m,n,k,1,a,k,b,n,1,c,n);
@@ -181,15 +188,15 @@ void backward_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer layer, network_state s
     }
 }
 
-void update_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer layer, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
+void update_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer l, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay)
 {
-    int size = layer.size*layer.size*layer.c*layer.n;
-    axpy_cpu(layer.n, learning_rate, layer.bias_updates, 1, layer.biases, 1);
-    scal_cpu(layer.n, momentum, layer.bias_updates, 1);
+    int size = l.size*l.size*l.c*l.n;
+    axpy_cpu(l.n, learning_rate, l.bias_updates, 1, l.biases, 1);
+    scal_cpu(l.n, momentum, l.bias_updates, 1);
 
-    axpy_cpu(size, -decay, layer.filters, 1, layer.filter_updates, 1);
-    axpy_cpu(size, learning_rate, layer.filter_updates, 1, layer.filters, 1);
-    scal_cpu(size, momentum, layer.filter_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(size, -decay, l.filters, 1, l.filter_updates, 1);
+    axpy_cpu(size, learning_rate, l.filter_updates, 1, l.filters, 1);
+    scal_cpu(size, momentum, l.filter_updates, 1);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/deconvolutional_layer.h b/src/deconvolutional_layer.h
index 0ece76f2..74498c77 100644
--- a/src/deconvolutional_layer.h
+++ b/src/deconvolutional_layer.h
@@ -5,37 +5,9 @@
 #include "params.h"
 #include "image.h"
 #include "activations.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int h,w,c;
-    int n;
-    int size;
-    int stride;
-    float *filters;
-    float *filter_updates;
-
-    float *biases;
-    float *bias_updates;
-
-    float *col_image;
-    float *delta;
-    float *output;
-
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * filters_gpu;
-    float * filter_updates_gpu;
-
-    float * biases_gpu;
-    float * bias_updates_gpu;
-
-    float * col_image_gpu;
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    float * output_gpu;
-    #endif
-
-    ACTIVATION activation;
-} deconvolutional_layer;
+typedef layer deconvolutional_layer;
 
 #ifdef GPU
 void forward_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(deconvolutional_layer layer, network_state state);
@@ -45,7 +17,7 @@ void push_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer layer);
 void pull_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer layer);
 #endif
 
-deconvolutional_layer *make_deconvolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, ACTIVATION activation);
+deconvolutional_layer make_deconvolutional_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int n, int size, int stride, ACTIVATION activation);
 void resize_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer *layer, int h, int w);
 void forward_deconvolutional_layer(const deconvolutional_layer layer, network_state state);
 void update_deconvolutional_layer(deconvolutional_layer layer, float learning_rate, float momentum, float decay);
diff --git a/src/detection.c b/src/detection.c
index dafececc..a1ba888c 100644
--- a/src/detection.c
+++ b/src/detection.c
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ void train_localization(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
         time=clock();
         float loss = train_network(net, train);
 
+        //TODO
         float *out = get_network_output_gpu(net);
         image im = float_to_image(net.w, net.h, 3, train.X.vals[127]);
         image copy = copy_image(im);
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ void train_detection_teststuff(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     if(weightfile){
         load_weights(&net, weightfile);
     }
-    detection_layer *layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
+    detection_layer layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
     net.learning_rate = 0;
     net.decay = 0;
     printf("Learning Rate: %g, Momentum: %g, Decay: %g\n", net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
@@ -157,9 +158,9 @@ void train_detection_teststuff(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     int i = net.seen/imgs;
     data train, buffer;
 
-    int classes = layer->classes;
-    int background = layer->background;
-    int side = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(*layer));
+    int classes = layer.classes;
+    int background = layer.background;
+    int side = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(layer));
 
     char **paths;
     list *plist;
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ void train_detection_teststuff(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     paths = (char **)list_to_array(plist);
     pthread_t load_thread = load_data_detection_thread(imgs, paths, plist->size, classes, net.w, net.h, side, side, background, &buffer);
     clock_t time;
-    cost_layer clayer = *((cost_layer *)net.layers[net.n-1]);
+    cost_layer clayer = net.layers[net.n-1];
     while(1){
         i += 1;
         time=clock();
@@ -235,15 +236,15 @@ void train_detection(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     if(weightfile){
         load_weights(&net, weightfile);
     }
-    detection_layer *layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
+    detection_layer layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
     printf("Learning Rate: %g, Momentum: %g, Decay: %g\n", net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
     int imgs = 128;
     int i = net.seen/imgs;
     data train, buffer;
 
-    int classes = layer->classes;
-    int background = layer->background;
-    int side = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(*layer));
+    int classes = layer.classes;
+    int background = layer.background;
+    int side = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(layer));
 
     char **paths;
     list *plist;
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ void validate_detection(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     if(weightfile){
         load_weights(&net, weightfile);
     }
-    detection_layer *layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
+    detection_layer layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
     fprintf(stderr, "Learning Rate: %g, Momentum: %g, Decay: %g\n", net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
     srand(time(0));
 
@@ -336,10 +337,10 @@ void validate_detection(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     //list *plist = get_paths("/home/pjreddie/data/voc/train.txt");
     char **paths = (char **)list_to_array(plist);
 
-    int classes = layer->classes;
-    int nuisance = layer->nuisance;
-    int background = (layer->background && !nuisance);
-    int num_boxes = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(*layer));
+    int classes = layer.classes;
+    int nuisance = layer.nuisance;
+    int background = (layer.background && !nuisance);
+    int num_boxes = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(layer));
 
     int per_box = 4+classes+background+nuisance;
     int num_output = num_boxes*num_boxes*per_box;
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ void validate_detection_post(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     load_weights(&post, "/home/pjreddie/imagenet_backup/localize_1000.weights");
     set_batch_network(&post, 1);
 
-    detection_layer *layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
+    detection_layer layer = get_network_detection_layer(net);
     fprintf(stderr, "Learning Rate: %g, Momentum: %g, Decay: %g\n", net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
     srand(time(0));
 
@@ -404,10 +405,10 @@ void validate_detection_post(char *cfgfile, char *weightfile)
     //list *plist = get_paths("/home/pjreddie/data/voc/train.txt");
     char **paths = (char **)list_to_array(plist);
 
-    int classes = layer->classes;
-    int nuisance = layer->nuisance;
-    int background = (layer->background && !nuisance);
-    int num_boxes = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(*layer));
+    int classes = layer.classes;
+    int nuisance = layer.nuisance;
+    int background = (layer.background && !nuisance);
+    int num_boxes = sqrt(get_detection_layer_locations(layer));
 
     int per_box = 4+classes+background+nuisance;
 
diff --git a/src/detection_layer.c b/src/detection_layer.c
index 831439e6..395146b3 100644
--- a/src/detection_layer.c
+++ b/src/detection_layer.c
@@ -8,47 +8,49 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-int get_detection_layer_locations(detection_layer layer)
+int get_detection_layer_locations(detection_layer l)
 {
-    return layer.inputs / (layer.classes+layer.coords+layer.rescore+layer.background);
+    return l.inputs / (l.classes+l.coords+l.rescore+l.background);
 }
 
-int get_detection_layer_output_size(detection_layer layer)
+int get_detection_layer_output_size(detection_layer l)
 {
-    return get_detection_layer_locations(layer)*(layer.background + layer.classes + layer.coords);
+    return get_detection_layer_locations(l)*(l.background + l.classes + l.coords);
 }
 
-detection_layer *make_detection_layer(int batch, int inputs, int classes, int coords, int rescore, int background, int nuisance)
+detection_layer make_detection_layer(int batch, int inputs, int classes, int coords, int rescore, int background, int nuisance)
 {
-    detection_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(detection_layer));
+    detection_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = DETECTION;
     
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->inputs = inputs;
-    layer->classes = classes;
-    layer->coords = coords;
-    layer->rescore = rescore;
-    layer->nuisance = nuisance;
-    layer->cost = calloc(1, sizeof(float));
-    layer->does_cost=1;
-    layer->background = background;
-    int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(*layer);
-    layer->output = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.inputs = inputs;
+    l.classes = classes;
+    l.coords = coords;
+    l.rescore = rescore;
+    l.nuisance = nuisance;
+    l.cost = calloc(1, sizeof(float));
+    l.does_cost=1;
+    l.background = background;
+    int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(l);
+    l.outputs = outputs;
+    l.output = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
+    l.delta = calloc(batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, batch*outputs);
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, batch*outputs);
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, batch*outputs);
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, batch*outputs);
     #endif
 
     fprintf(stderr, "Detection Layer\n");
     srand(0);
 
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void dark_zone(detection_layer layer, int class, int start, network_state state)
+void dark_zone(detection_layer l, int class, int start, network_state state)
 {
-    int index = start+layer.background+class;
-    int size = layer.classes+layer.coords+layer.background;
+    int index = start+l.background+class;
+    int size = l.classes+l.coords+l.background;
     int location = (index%(7*7*size)) / size ;
     int r = location / 7;
     int c = location % 7;
@@ -60,9 +62,9 @@ void dark_zone(detection_layer layer, int class, int start, network_state state)
             if((c + dc) > 6 || (c + dc) < 0) continue;
             int di = (dr*7 + dc) * size;
             if(state.truth[index+di]) continue;
-            layer.output[index + di] = 0;
+            l.output[index + di] = 0;
             //if(!state.truth[start+di]) continue;
-            //layer.output[start + di] = 1;
+            //l.output[start + di] = 1;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -299,47 +301,47 @@ dbox diou(box a, box b)
     return dd;
 }
 
-void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int in_i = 0;
     int out_i = 0;
-    int locations = get_detection_layer_locations(layer);
+    int locations = get_detection_layer_locations(l);
     int i,j;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch*locations; ++i){
-        int mask = (!state.truth || state.truth[out_i + layer.background + layer.classes + 2]);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch*locations; ++i){
+        int mask = (!state.truth || state.truth[out_i + l.background + l.classes + 2]);
         float scale = 1;
-        if(layer.rescore) scale = state.input[in_i++];
-        else if(layer.nuisance){
-            layer.output[out_i++] = 1-state.input[in_i++];
+        if(l.rescore) scale = state.input[in_i++];
+        else if(l.nuisance){
+            l.output[out_i++] = 1-state.input[in_i++];
             scale = mask;
         }
-        else if(layer.background) layer.output[out_i++] = scale*state.input[in_i++];
+        else if(l.background) l.output[out_i++] = scale*state.input[in_i++];
 
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.classes; ++j){
-            layer.output[out_i++] = scale*state.input[in_i++];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.classes; ++j){
+            l.output[out_i++] = scale*state.input[in_i++];
         }
-        if(layer.nuisance){
+        if(l.nuisance){
 
-        }else if(layer.background){
-            softmax_array(layer.output + out_i - layer.classes-layer.background, layer.classes+layer.background, layer.output + out_i - layer.classes-layer.background);
-            activate_array(state.input+in_i, layer.coords, LOGISTIC);
+        }else if(l.background){
+            softmax_array(l.output + out_i - l.classes-l.background, l.classes+l.background, l.output + out_i - l.classes-l.background);
+            activate_array(state.input+in_i, l.coords, LOGISTIC);
         }
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.coords; ++j){
-            layer.output[out_i++] = mask*state.input[in_i++];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.coords; ++j){
+            l.output[out_i++] = mask*state.input[in_i++];
         }
     }
-    if(layer.does_cost && state.train && 0){
+    if(l.does_cost && state.train && 0){
         int count = 0;
         float avg = 0;
-        *(layer.cost) = 0;
-        int size = get_detection_layer_output_size(layer) * layer.batch;
-        memset(layer.delta, 0, size * sizeof(float));
-        for (i = 0; i < layer.batch*locations; ++i) {
-            int classes = layer.nuisance+layer.classes;
-            int offset = i*(classes+layer.coords);
+        *(l.cost) = 0;
+        int size = get_detection_layer_output_size(l) * l.batch;
+        memset(l.delta, 0, size * sizeof(float));
+        for (i = 0; i < l.batch*locations; ++i) {
+            int classes = l.nuisance+l.classes;
+            int offset = i*(classes+l.coords);
             for (j = offset; j < offset+classes; ++j) {
-                *(layer.cost) += pow(state.truth[j] - layer.output[j], 2);
-                layer.delta[j] =  state.truth[j] - layer.output[j];
+                *(l.cost) += pow(state.truth[j] - l.output[j], 2);
+                l.delta[j] =  state.truth[j] - l.output[j];
             }
             box truth;
             truth.x = state.truth[j+0];
@@ -347,17 +349,17 @@ void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
             truth.w = state.truth[j+2];
             truth.h = state.truth[j+3];
             box out;
-            out.x = layer.output[j+0];
-            out.y = layer.output[j+1];
-            out.w = layer.output[j+2];
-            out.h = layer.output[j+3];
+            out.x = l.output[j+0];
+            out.y = l.output[j+1];
+            out.w = l.output[j+2];
+            out.h = l.output[j+3];
             if(!(truth.w*truth.h)) continue;
             //printf("iou: %f\n", iou);
             dbox d = diou(out, truth);
-            layer.delta[j+0] = d.dx;
-            layer.delta[j+1] = d.dy;
-            layer.delta[j+2] = d.dw;
-            layer.delta[j+3] = d.dh;
+            l.delta[j+0] = d.dx;
+            l.delta[j+1] = d.dy;
+            l.delta[j+2] = d.dw;
+            l.delta[j+3] = d.dh;
 
             int sqr = 1;
             if(sqr){
@@ -367,7 +369,7 @@ void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
                 out.h *= out.h;
             }
             float iou = box_iou(truth, out);
-            *(layer.cost) += pow((1-iou), 2);
+            *(l.cost) += pow((1-iou), 2);
             avg += iou;
             ++count;
         }
@@ -375,24 +377,24 @@ void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
     }
     /*
        int count = 0;
-       for(i = 0; i < layer.batch*locations; ++i){
-       for(j = 0; j < layer.classes+layer.background; ++j){
-       printf("%f, ", layer.output[count++]);
+       for(i = 0; i < l.batch*locations; ++i){
+       for(j = 0; j < l.classes+l.background; ++j){
+       printf("%f, ", l.output[count++]);
        }
        printf("\n");
-       for(j = 0; j < layer.coords; ++j){
-       printf("%f, ", layer.output[count++]);
+       for(j = 0; j < l.coords; ++j){
+       printf("%f, ", l.output[count++]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        }
      */
     /*
-       if(layer.background || 1){
-       for(i = 0; i < layer.batch*locations; ++i){
-       int index = i*(layer.classes+layer.coords+layer.background);
-       for(j= 0; j < layer.classes; ++j){
-       if(state.truth[index+j+layer.background]){
-//dark_zone(layer, j, index, state);
+       if(l.background || 1){
+       for(i = 0; i < l.batch*locations; ++i){
+       int index = i*(l.classes+l.coords+l.background);
+       for(j= 0; j < l.classes; ++j){
+       if(state.truth[index+j+l.background]){
+//dark_zone(l, j, index, state);
 }
 }
 }
@@ -400,66 +402,66 @@ void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
      */
 }
 
-void backward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_detection_layer(const detection_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    int locations = get_detection_layer_locations(layer);
+    int locations = get_detection_layer_locations(l);
     int i,j;
     int in_i = 0;
     int out_i = 0;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch*locations; ++i){
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch*locations; ++i){
         float scale = 1;
         float latent_delta = 0;
-        if(layer.rescore) scale = state.input[in_i++];
-        else if (layer.nuisance)   state.delta[in_i++] = -layer.delta[out_i++];
-        else if (layer.background) state.delta[in_i++] = scale*layer.delta[out_i++];
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.classes; ++j){
-            latent_delta += state.input[in_i]*layer.delta[out_i];
-            state.delta[in_i++] = scale*layer.delta[out_i++];
+        if(l.rescore) scale = state.input[in_i++];
+        else if (l.nuisance)   state.delta[in_i++] = -l.delta[out_i++];
+        else if (l.background) state.delta[in_i++] = scale*l.delta[out_i++];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.classes; ++j){
+            latent_delta += state.input[in_i]*l.delta[out_i];
+            state.delta[in_i++] = scale*l.delta[out_i++];
         }
 
-        if (layer.nuisance) {
+        if (l.nuisance) {
 
-        }else if (layer.background) gradient_array(layer.output + out_i, layer.coords, LOGISTIC, layer.delta + out_i);
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.coords; ++j){
-            state.delta[in_i++] = layer.delta[out_i++];
+        }else if (l.background) gradient_array(l.output + out_i, l.coords, LOGISTIC, l.delta + out_i);
+        for(j = 0; j < l.coords; ++j){
+            state.delta[in_i++] = l.delta[out_i++];
         }
-        if(layer.rescore) state.delta[in_i-layer.coords-layer.classes-layer.rescore-layer.background] = latent_delta;
+        if(l.rescore) state.delta[in_i-l.coords-l.classes-l.rescore-l.background] = latent_delta;
     }
 }
 
 #ifdef GPU
 
-void forward_detection_layer_gpu(const detection_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_detection_layer_gpu(const detection_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(layer);
-    float *in_cpu = calloc(layer.batch*layer.inputs, sizeof(float));
+    int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(l);
+    float *in_cpu = calloc(l.batch*l.inputs, sizeof(float));
     float *truth_cpu = 0;
     if(state.truth){
-        truth_cpu = calloc(layer.batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
-        cuda_pull_array(state.truth, truth_cpu, layer.batch*outputs);
+        truth_cpu = calloc(l.batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
+        cuda_pull_array(state.truth, truth_cpu, l.batch*outputs);
     }
-    cuda_pull_array(state.input, in_cpu, layer.batch*layer.inputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(state.input, in_cpu, l.batch*l.inputs);
     network_state cpu_state;
     cpu_state.train = state.train;
     cpu_state.truth = truth_cpu;
     cpu_state.input = in_cpu;
-    forward_detection_layer(layer, cpu_state);
-    cuda_push_array(layer.output_gpu, layer.output, layer.batch*outputs);
-    cuda_push_array(layer.delta_gpu, layer.delta, layer.batch*outputs);
+    forward_detection_layer(l, cpu_state);
+    cuda_push_array(l.output_gpu, l.output, l.batch*outputs);
+    cuda_push_array(l.delta_gpu, l.delta, l.batch*outputs);
     free(cpu_state.input);
     if(cpu_state.truth) free(cpu_state.truth);
 }
 
-void backward_detection_layer_gpu(detection_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_detection_layer_gpu(detection_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(layer);
+    int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(l);
 
-    float *in_cpu =    calloc(layer.batch*layer.inputs, sizeof(float));
-    float *delta_cpu = calloc(layer.batch*layer.inputs, sizeof(float));
+    float *in_cpu    = calloc(l.batch*l.inputs, sizeof(float));
+    float *delta_cpu = calloc(l.batch*l.inputs, sizeof(float));
     float *truth_cpu = 0;
     if(state.truth){
-        truth_cpu = calloc(layer.batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
-        cuda_pull_array(state.truth, truth_cpu, layer.batch*outputs);
+        truth_cpu = calloc(l.batch*outputs, sizeof(float));
+        cuda_pull_array(state.truth, truth_cpu, l.batch*outputs);
     }
     network_state cpu_state;
     cpu_state.train = state.train;
@@ -467,10 +469,10 @@ void backward_detection_layer_gpu(detection_layer layer, network_state state)
     cpu_state.truth = truth_cpu;
     cpu_state.delta = delta_cpu;
 
-    cuda_pull_array(state.input, in_cpu, layer.batch*layer.inputs);
-    cuda_pull_array(layer.delta_gpu, layer.delta, layer.batch*outputs);
-    backward_detection_layer(layer, cpu_state);
-    cuda_push_array(state.delta, delta_cpu, layer.batch*layer.inputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(state.input, in_cpu, l.batch*l.inputs);
+    cuda_pull_array(l.delta_gpu, l.delta, l.batch*outputs);
+    backward_detection_layer(l, cpu_state);
+    cuda_push_array(state.delta, delta_cpu, l.batch*l.inputs);
 
     free(in_cpu);
     free(delta_cpu);
diff --git a/src/detection_layer.h b/src/detection_layer.h
index 0aa5f665..dfc5db97 100644
--- a/src/detection_layer.h
+++ b/src/detection_layer.h
@@ -2,34 +2,19 @@
 #define DETECTION_LAYER_H
 
 #include "params.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int inputs;
-    int classes;
-    int coords;
-    int background;
-    int rescore;
-    int nuisance;
-    int does_cost;
-    float *cost;
-    float *output;
-    float *delta;
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * output_gpu;
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    #endif
-} detection_layer;
+typedef layer detection_layer;
 
-detection_layer *make_detection_layer(int batch, int inputs, int classes, int coords, int rescore, int background, int nuisance);
-void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_detection_layer(const detection_layer layer, network_state state);
-int get_detection_layer_output_size(detection_layer layer);
-int get_detection_layer_locations(detection_layer layer);
+detection_layer make_detection_layer(int batch, int inputs, int classes, int coords, int rescore, int background, int nuisance);
+void forward_detection_layer(const detection_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_detection_layer(const detection_layer l, network_state state);
+int get_detection_layer_output_size(detection_layer l);
+int get_detection_layer_locations(detection_layer l);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_detection_layer_gpu(const detection_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_detection_layer_gpu(detection_layer layer, network_state state);
+void forward_detection_layer_gpu(const detection_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_detection_layer_gpu(detection_layer l, network_state state);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/dropout_layer.c b/src/dropout_layer.c
index 7fbf8ff2..97dd47f5 100644
--- a/src/dropout_layer.c
+++ b/src/dropout_layer.c
@@ -5,51 +5,53 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-dropout_layer *make_dropout_layer(int batch, int inputs, float probability)
+dropout_layer make_dropout_layer(int batch, int inputs, float probability)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Dropout Layer: %d inputs, %f probability\n", inputs, probability);
-    dropout_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(dropout_layer));
-    layer->probability = probability;
-    layer->inputs = inputs;
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->rand = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
-    layer->scale = 1./(1.-probability);
+    dropout_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = DROPOUT;
+    l.probability = probability;
+    l.inputs = inputs;
+    l.outputs = inputs;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.rand = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
+    l.scale = 1./(1.-probability);
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->rand_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->rand, inputs*batch);
+    l.rand_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.rand, inputs*batch);
     #endif
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 } 
 
-void resize_dropout_layer(dropout_layer *layer, int inputs)
+void resize_dropout_layer(dropout_layer *l, int inputs)
 {
-    layer->rand = realloc(layer->rand, layer->inputs*layer->batch*sizeof(float));
+    l->rand = realloc(l->rand, l->inputs*l->batch*sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    cuda_free(layer->rand_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->rand_gpu);
 
-    layer->rand_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->rand, inputs*layer->batch);
+    l->rand_gpu = cuda_make_array(l->rand, inputs*l->batch);
     #endif
 }
 
-void forward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
     if (!state.train) return;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch * layer.inputs; ++i){
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch * l.inputs; ++i){
         float r = rand_uniform();
-        layer.rand[i] = r;
-        if(r < layer.probability) state.input[i] = 0;
-        else state.input[i] *= layer.scale;
+        l.rand[i] = r;
+        if(r < l.probability) state.input[i] = 0;
+        else state.input[i] *= l.scale;
     }
 }
 
-void backward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
     if(!state.delta) return;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.batch * layer.inputs; ++i){
-        float r = layer.rand[i];
-        if(r < layer.probability) state.delta[i] = 0;
-        else state.delta[i] *= layer.scale;
+    for(i = 0; i < l.batch * l.inputs; ++i){
+        float r = l.rand[i];
+        if(r < l.probability) state.delta[i] = 0;
+        else state.delta[i] *= l.scale;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/dropout_layer.h b/src/dropout_layer.h
index d12d4a18..b1dc883b 100644
--- a/src/dropout_layer.h
+++ b/src/dropout_layer.h
@@ -1,27 +1,20 @@
 #ifndef DROPOUT_LAYER_H
 #define DROPOUT_LAYER_H
+
 #include "params.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct{
-    int batch;
-    int inputs;
-    float probability;
-    float scale;
-    float *rand;
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * rand_gpu;
-    #endif
-} dropout_layer;
+typedef layer dropout_layer;
 
-dropout_layer *make_dropout_layer(int batch, int inputs, float probability);
+dropout_layer make_dropout_layer(int batch, int inputs, float probability);
 
-void forward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer layer, network_state state);
-void resize_dropout_layer(dropout_layer *layer, int inputs);
+void forward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_dropout_layer(dropout_layer l, network_state state);
+void resize_dropout_layer(dropout_layer *l, int inputs);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_dropout_layer_gpu(dropout_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_dropout_layer_gpu(dropout_layer layer, network_state state);
+void forward_dropout_layer_gpu(dropout_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_dropout_layer_gpu(dropout_layer l, network_state state);
 
 #endif
 #endif
diff --git a/src/maxpool_layer.c b/src/maxpool_layer.c
index 76402fa7..c7739f1d 100644
--- a/src/maxpool_layer.c
+++ b/src/maxpool_layer.c
@@ -2,109 +2,115 @@
 #include "cuda.h"
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-image get_maxpool_image(maxpool_layer layer)
+image get_maxpool_image(maxpool_layer l)
 {
-    int h = (layer.h-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int w = (layer.w-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.output);
+    int h = (l.h-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int w = (l.w-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int c = l.c;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.output);
 }
 
-image get_maxpool_delta(maxpool_layer layer)
+image get_maxpool_delta(maxpool_layer l)
 {
-    int h = (layer.h-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int w = (layer.w-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.delta);
+    int h = (l.h-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int w = (l.w-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int c = l.c;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,l.delta);
 }
 
-maxpool_layer *make_maxpool_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, int stride)
+maxpool_layer make_maxpool_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, int stride)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Maxpool Layer: %d x %d x %d image, %d size, %d stride\n", h,w,c,size,stride);
-    maxpool_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(maxpool_layer));
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    layer->c = c;
-    layer->size = size;
-    layer->stride = stride;
+    maxpool_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = MAXPOOL;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.h = h;
+    l.w = w;
+    l.c = c;
+    l.out_h = h;
+    l.out_w = w;
+    l.out_c = c;
+    l.outputs = l.out_h * l.out_w * l.out_c;
+    l.inputs = l.outputs;
+    l.size = size;
+    l.stride = stride;
     int output_size = ((h-1)/stride+1) * ((w-1)/stride+1) * c * batch;
-    layer->indexes = calloc(output_size, sizeof(int));
-    layer->output =  calloc(output_size, sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta =   calloc(output_size, sizeof(float));
+    l.indexes = calloc(output_size, sizeof(int));
+    l.output =  calloc(output_size, sizeof(float));
+    l.delta =   calloc(output_size, sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->indexes_gpu = cuda_make_int_array(output_size);
-    layer->output_gpu  = cuda_make_array(layer->output, output_size);
-    layer->delta_gpu   = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, output_size);
+    l.indexes_gpu = cuda_make_int_array(output_size);
+    l.output_gpu  = cuda_make_array(l.output, output_size);
+    l.delta_gpu   = cuda_make_array(l.delta, output_size);
     #endif
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void resize_maxpool_layer(maxpool_layer *layer, int h, int w)
+void resize_maxpool_layer(maxpool_layer *l, int h, int w)
 {
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    int output_size = ((h-1)/layer->stride+1) * ((w-1)/layer->stride+1) * layer->c * layer->batch;
-    layer->output = realloc(layer->output, output_size * sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta = realloc(layer->delta, output_size * sizeof(float));
+    l->h = h;
+    l->w = w;
+    int output_size = ((h-1)/l->stride+1) * ((w-1)/l->stride+1) * l->c * l->batch;
+    l->output = realloc(l->output, output_size * sizeof(float));
+    l->delta = realloc(l->delta, output_size * sizeof(float));
 
     #ifdef GPU
-    cuda_free((float *)layer->indexes_gpu);
-    cuda_free(layer->output_gpu);
-    cuda_free(layer->delta_gpu);
-    layer->indexes_gpu = cuda_make_int_array(output_size);
-    layer->output_gpu  = cuda_make_array(layer->output, output_size);
-    layer->delta_gpu   = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, output_size);
+    cuda_free((float *)l->indexes_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->output_gpu);
+    cuda_free(l->delta_gpu);
+    l->indexes_gpu = cuda_make_int_array(output_size);
+    l->output_gpu  = cuda_make_array(l->output, output_size);
+    l->delta_gpu   = cuda_make_array(l->delta, output_size);
     #endif
 }
 
-void forward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer l, network_state state)
 {
-    int b,i,j,k,l,m;
-    int w_offset = (-layer.size-1)/2 + 1;
-    int h_offset = (-layer.size-1)/2 + 1;
+    int b,i,j,k,m,n;
+    int w_offset = (-l.size-1)/2 + 1;
+    int h_offset = (-l.size-1)/2 + 1;
 
-    int h = (layer.h-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int w = (layer.w-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int c = layer.c;
+    int h = (l.h-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int w = (l.w-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int c = l.c;
 
-    for(b = 0; b < layer.batch; ++b){
+    for(b = 0; b < l.batch; ++b){
         for(k = 0; k < c; ++k){
             for(i = 0; i < h; ++i){
                 for(j = 0; j < w; ++j){
                     int out_index = j + w*(i + h*(k + c*b));
                     float max = -FLT_MAX;
                     int max_i = -1;
-                    for(l = 0; l < layer.size; ++l){
-                        for(m = 0; m < layer.size; ++m){
-                            int cur_h = h_offset + i*layer.stride + l;
-                            int cur_w = w_offset + j*layer.stride + m;
-                            int index = cur_w + layer.w*(cur_h + layer.h*(k + b*layer.c));
-                            int valid = (cur_h >= 0 && cur_h < layer.h &&
-                                         cur_w >= 0 && cur_w < layer.w);
+                    for(n = 0; n < l.size; ++n){
+                        for(m = 0; m < l.size; ++m){
+                            int cur_h = h_offset + i*l.stride + n;
+                            int cur_w = w_offset + j*l.stride + m;
+                            int index = cur_w + l.w*(cur_h + l.h*(k + b*l.c));
+                            int valid = (cur_h >= 0 && cur_h < l.h &&
+                                         cur_w >= 0 && cur_w < l.w);
                             float val = (valid != 0) ? state.input[index] : -FLT_MAX;
                             max_i = (val > max) ? index : max_i;
                             max   = (val > max) ? val   : max;
                         }
                     }
-                    layer.output[out_index] = max;
-                    layer.indexes[out_index] = max_i;
+                    l.output[out_index] = max;
+                    l.indexes[out_index] = max_i;
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void backward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    int h = (layer.h-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int w = (layer.w-1)/layer.stride + 1;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    memset(state.delta, 0, layer.batch*layer.h*layer.w*layer.c*sizeof(float));
-    for(i = 0; i < h*w*c*layer.batch; ++i){
-        int index = layer.indexes[i];
-        state.delta[index] += layer.delta[i];
+    int h = (l.h-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int w = (l.w-1)/l.stride + 1;
+    int c = l.c;
+    memset(state.delta, 0, l.batch*l.h*l.w*l.c*sizeof(float));
+    for(i = 0; i < h*w*c*l.batch; ++i){
+        int index = l.indexes[i];
+        state.delta[index] += l.delta[i];
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/maxpool_layer.h b/src/maxpool_layer.h
index cbd6a767..4456863b 100644
--- a/src/maxpool_layer.h
+++ b/src/maxpool_layer.h
@@ -4,31 +4,19 @@
 #include "image.h"
 #include "params.h"
 #include "cuda.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int h,w,c;
-    int stride;
-    int size;
-    int *indexes;
-    float *delta;
-    float *output;
-    #ifdef GPU
-    int *indexes_gpu;
-    float *output_gpu;
-    float *delta_gpu;
-    #endif
-} maxpool_layer;
+typedef layer maxpool_layer;
 
-image get_maxpool_image(maxpool_layer layer);
-maxpool_layer *make_maxpool_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, int stride);
-void resize_maxpool_layer(maxpool_layer *layer, int h, int w);
-void forward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer layer, network_state state);
+image get_maxpool_image(maxpool_layer l);
+maxpool_layer make_maxpool_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, int stride);
+void resize_maxpool_layer(maxpool_layer *l, int h, int w);
+void forward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_maxpool_layer(const maxpool_layer l, network_state state);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_maxpool_layer_gpu(maxpool_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_maxpool_layer_gpu(maxpool_layer layer, network_state state);
+void forward_maxpool_layer_gpu(maxpool_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_maxpool_layer_gpu(maxpool_layer l, network_state state);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/network.c b/src/network.c
index 01a61288..68790e58 100644
--- a/src/network.c
+++ b/src/network.c
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "detection_layer.h"
 #include "maxpool_layer.h"
 #include "cost_layer.h"
-#include "normalization_layer.h"
 #include "softmax_layer.h"
 #include "dropout_layer.h"
 #include "route_layer.h"
@@ -32,8 +31,6 @@ char *get_layer_string(LAYER_TYPE a)
             return "softmax";
         case DETECTION:
             return "detection";
-        case NORMALIZATION:
-            return "normalization";
         case DROPOUT:
             return "dropout";
         case CROP:
@@ -50,16 +47,9 @@ char *get_layer_string(LAYER_TYPE a)
 
 network make_network(int n)
 {
-    network net;
+    network net = {0};
     net.n = n;
-    net.layers = calloc(net.n, sizeof(void *));
-    net.types = calloc(net.n, sizeof(LAYER_TYPE));
-    net.outputs = 0;
-    net.output = 0;
-    net.seen = 0;
-    net.batch = 0;
-    net.inputs = 0;
-    net.h = net.w = net.c = 0;
+    net.layers = calloc(net.n, sizeof(layer));
     #ifdef GPU
     net.input_gpu = calloc(1, sizeof(float *));
     net.truth_gpu = calloc(1, sizeof(float *));
@@ -71,40 +61,29 @@ void forward_network(network net, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            forward_convolutional_layer(*(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            forward_convolutional_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            forward_deconvolutional_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DETECTION){
+            forward_detection_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            forward_connected_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == CROP){
+            forward_crop_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == COST){
+            forward_cost_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == SOFTMAX){
+            forward_softmax_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == MAXPOOL){
+            forward_maxpool_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DROPOUT){
+            forward_dropout_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == ROUTE){
+            forward_route_layer(l, net);
         }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            forward_deconvolutional_layer(*(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-            forward_detection_layer(*(detection_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            forward_connected_layer(*(connected_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-            forward_crop_layer(*(crop_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == COST){
-            forward_cost_layer(*(cost_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-            forward_softmax_layer(*(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-            forward_maxpool_layer(*(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION){
-            forward_normalization_layer(*(normalization_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-            forward_dropout_layer(*(dropout_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-            forward_route_layer(*(route_layer *)net.layers[i], net);
-        }
-        state.input = get_network_output_layer(net, i);
+        state.input = l.output;
     }
 }
 
@@ -113,99 +92,35 @@ void update_network(network net)
     int i;
     int update_batch = net.batch*net.subdivisions;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            update_convolutional_layer(layer, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            update_deconvolutional_layer(layer, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            update_connected_layer(layer, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            update_convolutional_layer(l, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
+        } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            update_deconvolutional_layer(l, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
+        } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            update_connected_layer(l, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
         }
     }
 }
 
-float *get_network_output_layer(network net, int i)
-{
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        return ((convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        return ((deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        return ((maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        return ((detection_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        return ((softmax_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        return get_network_output_layer(net, i-1);
-    } else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        return ((connected_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-        return ((crop_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION){
-        return ((normalization_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-        return ((route_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 float *get_network_output(network net)
 {
     int i;
-    for(i = net.n-1; i > 0; --i) if(net.types[i] != COST) break;
-    return get_network_output_layer(net, i);
-}
-
-float *get_network_delta_layer(network net, int i)
-{
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        detection_layer layer = *(detection_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        if(i == 0) return 0;
-        return get_network_delta_layer(net, i-1);
-    } else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-        return ((route_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> delta;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    for(i = net.n-1; i > 0; --i) if(net.layers[i].type != COST) break;
+    return net.layers[i].output;
 }
 
 float get_network_cost(network net)
 {
-    if(net.types[net.n-1] == COST){
-        return ((cost_layer *)net.layers[net.n-1])->output[0];
+    if(net.layers[net.n-1].type == COST){
+        return net.layers[net.n-1].output[0];
     }
-    if(net.types[net.n-1] == DETECTION){
-        return ((detection_layer *)net.layers[net.n-1])->cost[0];
+    if(net.layers[net.n-1].type == DETECTION){
+        return net.layers[net.n-1].cost[0];
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-float *get_network_delta(network net)
-{
-    return get_network_delta_layer(net, net.n-1);
-}
-
 int get_predicted_class_network(network net)
 {
     float *out = get_network_output(net);
@@ -222,46 +137,29 @@ void backward_network(network net, network_state state)
             state.input = original_input;
             state.delta = 0;
         }else{
-            state.input = get_network_output_layer(net, i-1);
-            state.delta = get_network_delta_layer(net, i-1);
+            layer prev = net.layers[i-1];
+            state.input = prev.output;
+            state.delta = prev.delta;
         }
-
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_convolutional_layer(layer, state);
-        } else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_deconvolutional_layer(layer, state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-            maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            if(i != 0) backward_maxpool_layer(layer, state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-            dropout_layer layer = *(dropout_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_dropout_layer(layer, state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-            detection_layer layer = *(detection_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_detection_layer(layer, state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION){
-            normalization_layer layer = *(normalization_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            if(i != 0) backward_normalization_layer(layer, state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-            softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            if(i != 0) backward_softmax_layer(layer, state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_connected_layer(layer, state);
-        } else if(net.types[i] == COST){
-            cost_layer layer = *(cost_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_cost_layer(layer, state);
-        } else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-            route_layer layer = *(route_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            backward_route_layer(layer, net);
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            backward_convolutional_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            backward_deconvolutional_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == MAXPOOL){
+            if(i != 0) backward_maxpool_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DROPOUT){
+            backward_dropout_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DETECTION){
+            backward_detection_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == SOFTMAX){
+            if(i != 0) backward_softmax_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            backward_connected_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == COST){
+            backward_cost_layer(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == ROUTE){
+            backward_route_layer(l, net);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -347,127 +245,11 @@ void set_batch_network(network *net, int b)
     net->batch = b;
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < net->n; ++i){
-        if(net->types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer *layer = (convolutional_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }else if(net->types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            deconvolutional_layer *layer = (deconvolutional_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
-        else if(net->types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-            maxpool_layer *layer = (maxpool_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
-        else if(net->types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer *layer = (connected_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        } else if(net->types[i] == DROPOUT){
-            dropout_layer *layer = (dropout_layer *) net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        } else if(net->types[i] == DETECTION){
-            detection_layer *layer = (detection_layer *) net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
-        else if(net->types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-            softmax_layer *layer = (softmax_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
-        else if(net->types[i] == COST){
-            cost_layer *layer = (cost_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
-        else if(net->types[i] == CROP){
-            crop_layer *layer = (crop_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
-        else if(net->types[i] == ROUTE){
-            route_layer *layer = (route_layer *)net->layers[i];
-            layer->batch = b;
-        }
+        net->layers[i].batch = b;
     }
 }
 
-
-int get_network_input_size_layer(network net, int i)
-{
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.h*layer.w*layer.c;
-    }
-    if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.h*layer.w*layer.c;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.h*layer.w*layer.c;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.inputs;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        dropout_layer layer = *(dropout_layer *) net.layers[i];
-        return layer.inputs;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        detection_layer layer = *(detection_layer *) net.layers[i];
-        return layer.inputs;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-        crop_layer layer = *(crop_layer *) net.layers[i];
-        return layer.c*layer.h*layer.w;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.inputs;
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "Can't find input size\n");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int get_network_output_size_layer(network net, int i)
-{
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        image output = get_convolutional_image(layer);
-        return output.h*output.w*output.c;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        image output = get_deconvolutional_image(layer);
-        return output.h*output.w*output.c;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        detection_layer layer = *(detection_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_detection_layer_output_size(layer);
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        image output = get_maxpool_image(layer);
-        return output.h*output.w*output.c;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-        crop_layer layer = *(crop_layer *) net.layers[i];
-        return layer.c*layer.crop_height*layer.crop_width;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.outputs;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        dropout_layer layer = *(dropout_layer *) net.layers[i];
-        return layer.inputs;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.inputs;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-        route_layer layer = *(route_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.outputs;
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "Can't find output size\n");
-    return 0;
-}
-
+/*
 int resize_network(network net, int h, int w, int c)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Might be broken, careful!!");
@@ -497,74 +279,47 @@ int resize_network(network net, int h, int w, int c)
         }else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
             dropout_layer *layer = (dropout_layer *)net.layers[i];
             resize_dropout_layer(layer, h*w*c);
-        }else if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION){
-            normalization_layer *layer = (normalization_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            resize_normalization_layer(layer, h, w);
-            image output = get_normalization_image(*layer);
-            h = output.h;
-            w = output.w;
-            c = output.c;
         }else{
             error("Cannot resize this type of layer");
         }
     }
     return 0;
 }
+*/
 
 int get_network_output_size(network net)
 {
     int i;
-    for(i = net.n-1; i > 0; --i) if(net.types[i] != COST) break;
-    return get_network_output_size_layer(net, i);
+    for(i = net.n-1; i > 0; --i) if(net.layers[i].type != COST) break;
+    return net.layers[i].outputs;
 }
 
 int get_network_input_size(network net)
 {
-    return get_network_input_size_layer(net, 0);
+    return net.layers[0].inputs;
 }
 
-detection_layer *get_network_detection_layer(network net)
+detection_layer get_network_detection_layer(network net)
 {
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-            detection_layer *layer = (detection_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            return layer;
+        if(net.layers[i].type == DETECTION){
+            return net.layers[i];
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    fprintf(stderr, "Detection layer not found!!\n");
+    detection_layer l = {0};
+    return l;
 }
 
 image get_network_image_layer(network net, int i)
 {
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_convolutional_image(layer);
+    layer l = net.layers[i];
+    if (l.out_w && l.out_h && l.out_c){
+        return float_to_image(l.out_w, l.out_h, l.out_c, l.output);
     }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_deconvolutional_image(layer);
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_maxpool_image(layer);
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION){
-        normalization_layer layer = *(normalization_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_normalization_image(layer);
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        return get_network_image_layer(net, i-1);
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-        crop_layer layer = *(crop_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_crop_image(layer);
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-        route_layer layer = *(route_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return get_network_image_layer(net, layer.input_layers[0]);
-    }
-    return make_empty_image(0,0,0);
+    image def = {0};
+    return def;
 }
 
 image get_network_image(network net)
@@ -574,7 +329,8 @@ image get_network_image(network net)
         image m = get_network_image_layer(net, i);
         if(m.h != 0) return m;
     }
-    return make_empty_image(0,0,0);
+    image def = {0};
+    return def;
 }
 
 void visualize_network(network net)
@@ -582,16 +338,11 @@ void visualize_network(network net)
     image *prev = 0;
     int i;
     char buff[256];
-    //show_image(get_network_image_layer(net, 0), "Crop");
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
         sprintf(buff, "Layer %d", i);
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            prev = visualize_convolutional_layer(layer, buff, prev);
-        }
-        if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION){
-            normalization_layer layer = *(normalization_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            visualize_normalization_layer(layer, buff);
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            prev = visualize_convolutional_layer(l, buff, prev);
         }
     } 
 }
@@ -672,36 +423,9 @@ void print_network(network net)
 {
     int i,j;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        float *output = 0;
-        int n = 0;
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            output = layer.output;
-            image m = get_convolutional_image(layer);
-            n = m.h*m.w*m.c;
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-            maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            output = layer.output;
-            image m = get_maxpool_image(layer);
-            n = m.h*m.w*m.c;
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-            crop_layer layer = *(crop_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            output = layer.output;
-            image m = get_crop_image(layer);
-            n = m.h*m.w*m.c;
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            output = layer.output;
-            n = layer.outputs;
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-            softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            output = layer.output;
-            n = layer.inputs;
-        }
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        float *output = l.output;
+        int n = l.outputs;
         float mean = mean_array(output, n);
         float vari = variance_array(output, n);
         fprintf(stderr, "Layer %d - Mean: %f, Variance: %f\n",i,mean, vari);
diff --git a/src/network.h b/src/network.h
index 28eab69a..9a8033c8 100644
--- a/src/network.h
+++ b/src/network.h
@@ -4,22 +4,9 @@
 
 #include "image.h"
 #include "detection_layer.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 #include "data.h"
 
-typedef enum {
-    CONVOLUTIONAL,
-    DECONVOLUTIONAL,
-    CONNECTED,
-    MAXPOOL,
-    SOFTMAX,
-    DETECTION,
-    NORMALIZATION,
-    DROPOUT,
-    CROP,
-    ROUTE,
-    COST
-} LAYER_TYPE;
-
 typedef struct {
     int n;
     int batch;
@@ -28,8 +15,7 @@ typedef struct {
     float learning_rate;
     float momentum;
     float decay;
-    void **layers;
-    LAYER_TYPE *types;
+    layer *layers;
     int outputs;
     float *output;
 
@@ -83,7 +69,7 @@ int resize_network(network net, int h, int w, int c);
 void set_batch_network(network *net, int b);
 int get_network_input_size(network net);
 float get_network_cost(network net);
-detection_layer *get_network_detection_layer(network net);
+detection_layer get_network_detection_layer(network net);
 
 int get_network_nuisance(network net);
 int get_network_background(network net);
diff --git a/src/network_kernels.cu b/src/network_kernels.cu
index 7ff5d15e..da21d63f 100644
--- a/src/network_kernels.cu
+++ b/src/network_kernels.cu
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "deconvolutional_layer.h"
 #include "maxpool_layer.h"
 #include "cost_layer.h"
-#include "normalization_layer.h"
 #include "softmax_layer.h"
 #include "dropout_layer.h"
 #include "route_layer.h"
@@ -29,37 +28,29 @@ void forward_network_gpu(network net, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            forward_convolutional_layer_gpu(*(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            forward_convolutional_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            forward_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DETECTION){
+            forward_detection_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            forward_connected_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == CROP){
+            forward_crop_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == COST){
+            forward_cost_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == SOFTMAX){
+            forward_softmax_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == MAXPOOL){
+            forward_maxpool_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DROPOUT){
+            forward_dropout_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == ROUTE){
+            forward_route_layer_gpu(l, net);
         }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            forward_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(*(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == COST){
-            forward_cost_layer_gpu(*(cost_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            forward_connected_layer_gpu(*(connected_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-            forward_detection_layer_gpu(*(detection_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-            forward_maxpool_layer_gpu(*(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-            forward_softmax_layer_gpu(*(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-            forward_dropout_layer_gpu(*(dropout_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-            forward_crop_layer_gpu(*(crop_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-            forward_route_layer_gpu(*(route_layer *)net.layers[i], net);
-        }
-        state.input = get_network_output_gpu_layer(net, i);
+        state.input = l.output_gpu;
     }
 }
 
@@ -68,40 +59,33 @@ void backward_network_gpu(network net, network_state state)
     int i;
     float * original_input = state.input;
     for(i = net.n-1; i >= 0; --i){
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
         if(i == 0){
             state.input = original_input;
             state.delta = 0;
         }else{
-            state.input = get_network_output_gpu_layer(net, i-1);
-            state.delta = get_network_delta_gpu_layer(net, i-1);
+            layer prev = net.layers[i-1];
+            state.input = prev.output_gpu;
+            state.delta = prev.delta_gpu;
         }
-
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            backward_convolutional_layer_gpu(*(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            backward_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(*(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == COST){
-            backward_cost_layer_gpu(*(cost_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            backward_connected_layer_gpu(*(connected_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-            backward_detection_layer_gpu(*(detection_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-            backward_maxpool_layer_gpu(*(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-            backward_dropout_layer_gpu(*(dropout_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-            backward_softmax_layer_gpu(*(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i], state);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-            backward_route_layer_gpu(*(route_layer *)net.layers[i], net);
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            backward_convolutional_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            backward_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == MAXPOOL){
+            if(i != 0) backward_maxpool_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DROPOUT){
+            backward_dropout_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == DETECTION){
+            backward_detection_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == SOFTMAX){
+            if(i != 0) backward_softmax_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            backward_connected_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == COST){
+            backward_cost_layer_gpu(l, state);
+        } else if(l.type == ROUTE){
+            backward_route_layer_gpu(l, net);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -111,89 +95,17 @@ void update_network_gpu(network net)
     int i;
     int update_batch = net.batch*net.subdivisions;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            update_convolutional_layer_gpu(layer, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            update_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(layer, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
-        }
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-            update_connected_layer_gpu(layer, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            update_convolutional_layer_gpu(l, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
+        } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            update_deconvolutional_layer_gpu(l, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
+        } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            update_connected_layer_gpu(l, update_batch, net.learning_rate, net.momentum, net.decay);
         }
     }
 }
 
-float * get_network_output_gpu_layer(network net, int i)
-{
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        return ((convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        return ((deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        return ((detection_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        return ((connected_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        return ((maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CROP){
-        return ((crop_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        return ((softmax_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-        return ((route_layer *)net.layers[i]) -> output_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        return get_network_output_gpu_layer(net, i-1);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-float * get_network_delta_gpu_layer(network net, int i)
-{
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        detection_layer layer = *(detection_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == ROUTE){
-        route_layer layer = *(route_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.delta_gpu;
-    } else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT){
-        if(i == 0) return 0;
-        return get_network_delta_gpu_layer(net, i-1);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 float train_network_datum_gpu(network net, float *x, float *y)
 {
     network_state state;
@@ -219,33 +131,22 @@ float train_network_datum_gpu(network net, float *x, float *y)
 
 float *get_network_output_layer_gpu(network net, int i)
 {
-    if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-        convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.output;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-        deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.output;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-        connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        cuda_pull_array(layer.output_gpu, layer.output, layer.outputs*layer.batch);
-        return layer.output;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION){
-        detection_layer layer = *(detection_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        int outputs = get_detection_layer_output_size(layer);
-        cuda_pull_array(layer.output_gpu, layer.output, outputs*layer.batch);
-        return layer.output;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL){
-        maxpool_layer layer = *(maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        return layer.output;
-    }
-    else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX){
-        softmax_layer layer = *(softmax_layer *)net.layers[i];
-        pull_softmax_layer_output(layer);
-        return layer.output;
+    layer l = net.layers[i];
+    if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+        return l.output;
+    } else if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+        return l.output;
+    } else if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+        cuda_pull_array(l.output_gpu, l.output, l.outputs*l.batch);
+        return l.output;
+    } else if(l.type == DETECTION){
+        cuda_pull_array(l.output_gpu, l.output, l.outputs*l.batch);
+        return l.output;
+    } else if(l.type == MAXPOOL){
+        return l.output;
+    } else if(l.type == SOFTMAX){
+        pull_softmax_layer_output(l);
+        return l.output;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -253,7 +154,7 @@ float *get_network_output_layer_gpu(network net, int i)
 float *get_network_output_gpu(network net)
 {
     int i;
-    for(i = net.n-1; i > 0; --i) if(net.types[i] != COST) break;
+    for(i = net.n-1; i > 0; --i) if(net.layers[i].type != COST) break;
     return get_network_output_layer_gpu(net, i);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/normalization_layer.c b/src/normalization_layer.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 93c2ad94..00000000
--- a/src/normalization_layer.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-#include "normalization_layer.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-image get_normalization_image(normalization_layer layer)
-{
-    int h = layer.h;
-    int w = layer.w;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.output);
-}
-
-image get_normalization_delta(normalization_layer layer)
-{
-    int h = layer.h;
-    int w = layer.w;
-    int c = layer.c;
-    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.delta);
-}
-
-normalization_layer *make_normalization_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, float alpha, float beta, float kappa)
-{
-    fprintf(stderr, "Local Response Normalization Layer: %d x %d x %d image, %d size\n", h,w,c,size);
-    normalization_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(normalization_layer));
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    layer->c = c;
-    layer->kappa = kappa;
-    layer->size = size;
-    layer->alpha = alpha;
-    layer->beta = beta;
-    layer->output = calloc(h * w * c * batch, sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta = calloc(h * w * c * batch, sizeof(float));
-    layer->sums = calloc(h*w, sizeof(float));
-    return layer;
-}
-
-void resize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer *layer, int h, int w)
-{
-    layer->h = h;
-    layer->w = w;
-    layer->output = realloc(layer->output, h * w * layer->c * layer->batch * sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta = realloc(layer->delta, h * w * layer->c * layer->batch * sizeof(float));
-    layer->sums = realloc(layer->sums, h*w * sizeof(float));
-}
-
-void add_square_array(float *src, float *dest, int n)
-{
-    int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
-        dest[i] += src[i]*src[i];
-    }
-}
-void sub_square_array(float *src, float *dest, int n)
-{
-    int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
-        dest[i] -= src[i]*src[i];
-    }
-}
-
-void forward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state)
-{
-    int i,j,k;
-    memset(layer.sums, 0, layer.h*layer.w*sizeof(float));
-    int imsize = layer.h*layer.w;
-    for(j = 0; j < layer.size/2; ++j){
-        if(j < layer.c) add_square_array(state.input+j*imsize, layer.sums, imsize);
-    }
-    for(k = 0; k < layer.c; ++k){
-        int next = k+layer.size/2;
-        int prev = k-layer.size/2-1;
-        if(next < layer.c) add_square_array(state.input+next*imsize, layer.sums, imsize);
-        if(prev > 0)       sub_square_array(state.input+prev*imsize, layer.sums, imsize);
-        for(i = 0; i < imsize; ++i){
-            layer.output[k*imsize + i] = state.input[k*imsize+i] / pow(layer.kappa + layer.alpha * layer.sums[i], layer.beta);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void backward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state)
-{
-    // TODO!
-    // OR NOT TODO!!
-}
-
-void visualize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer layer, char *window)
-{
-    image delta = get_normalization_image(layer);
-    image dc = collapse_image_layers(delta, 1);
-    char buff[256];
-    sprintf(buff, "%s: Output", window);
-    show_image(dc, buff);
-    save_image(dc, buff);
-    free_image(dc);
-}
diff --git a/src/normalization_layer.h b/src/normalization_layer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 11f2827d..00000000
--- a/src/normalization_layer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NORMALIZATION_LAYER_H
-#define NORMALIZATION_LAYER_H
-
-#include "image.h"
-#include "params.h"
-
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int h,w,c;
-    int size;
-    float alpha;
-    float beta;
-    float kappa;
-    float *delta;
-    float *output;
-    float *sums;
-} normalization_layer;
-
-image get_normalization_image(normalization_layer layer);
-normalization_layer *make_normalization_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, float alpha, float beta, float kappa);
-void resize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer *layer, int h, int w);
-void forward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state);
-void visualize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer layer, char *window);
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/src/old.c b/src/old.c
index 13a9be71..52b87fbf 100644
--- a/src/old.c
+++ b/src/old.c
@@ -1,3 +1,254 @@
+void save_network(network net, char *filename)
+{
+    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");
+    if(!fp) file_error(filename);
+    int i;
+    for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i)
+    {
+        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL)
+            print_convolutional_cfg(fp, (convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL)
+            print_deconvolutional_cfg(fp, (deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED)
+            print_connected_cfg(fp, (connected_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == CROP)
+            print_crop_cfg(fp, (crop_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL)
+            print_maxpool_cfg(fp, (maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT)
+            print_dropout_cfg(fp, (dropout_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX)
+            print_softmax_cfg(fp, (softmax_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION)
+            print_detection_cfg(fp, (detection_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+        else if(net.types[i] == COST)
+            print_cost_cfg(fp, (cost_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
+    }
+    fclose(fp);
+}
+
+void print_convolutional_cfg(FILE *fp, convolutional_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+#ifdef GPU
+    if(gpu_index >= 0)  pull_convolutional_layer(*l);
+#endif
+    int i;
+    fprintf(fp, "[convolutional]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "filters=%d\n"
+            "size=%d\n"
+            "stride=%d\n"
+            "pad=%d\n"
+            "activation=%s\n",
+            l->n, l->size, l->stride, l->pad,
+            get_activation_string(l->activation));
+    fprintf(fp, "biases=");
+    for(i = 0; i < l->n; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->biases[i]);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "weights=");
+    for(i = 0; i < l->n*l->c*l->size*l->size; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->filters[i]);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
+}
+
+void print_deconvolutional_cfg(FILE *fp, deconvolutional_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+#ifdef GPU
+    if(gpu_index >= 0)  pull_deconvolutional_layer(*l);
+#endif
+    int i;
+    fprintf(fp, "[deconvolutional]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "filters=%d\n"
+            "size=%d\n"
+            "stride=%d\n"
+            "activation=%s\n",
+            l->n, l->size, l->stride,
+            get_activation_string(l->activation));
+    fprintf(fp, "biases=");
+    for(i = 0; i < l->n; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->biases[i]);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "weights=");
+    for(i = 0; i < l->n*l->c*l->size*l->size; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->filters[i]);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
+}
+
+void print_dropout_cfg(FILE *fp, dropout_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+    fprintf(fp, "[dropout]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "probability=%g\n\n", l->probability);
+}
+
+void print_connected_cfg(FILE *fp, connected_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+#ifdef GPU
+    if(gpu_index >= 0) pull_connected_layer(*l);
+#endif
+    int i;
+    fprintf(fp, "[connected]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "output=%d\n"
+            "activation=%s\n",
+            l->outputs,
+            get_activation_string(l->activation));
+    fprintf(fp, "biases=");
+    for(i = 0; i < l->outputs; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->biases[i]);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "weights=");
+    for(i = 0; i < l->outputs*l->inputs; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->weights[i]);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
+}
+
+void print_crop_cfg(FILE *fp, crop_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+    fprintf(fp, "[crop]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "crop_height=%d\ncrop_width=%d\nflip=%d\n\n", l->crop_height, l->crop_width, l->flip);
+}
+
+void print_maxpool_cfg(FILE *fp, maxpool_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+    fprintf(fp, "[maxpool]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "size=%d\nstride=%d\n\n", l->size, l->stride);
+}
+
+void print_softmax_cfg(FILE *fp, softmax_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+    fprintf(fp, "[softmax]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "\n");
+}
+
+void print_detection_cfg(FILE *fp, detection_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+    fprintf(fp, "[detection]\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "classes=%d\ncoords=%d\nrescore=%d\nnuisance=%d\n", l->classes, l->coords, l->rescore, l->nuisance);
+    fprintf(fp, "\n");
+}
+
+void print_cost_cfg(FILE *fp, cost_layer *l, network net, int count)
+{
+    fprintf(fp, "[cost]\ntype=%s\n", get_cost_string(l->type));
+    fprintf(fp, "\n");
+}
+
+
+#ifndef NORMALIZATION_LAYER_H
+#define NORMALIZATION_LAYER_H
+
+#include "image.h"
+#include "params.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    int batch;
+    int h,w,c;
+    int size;
+    float alpha;
+    float beta;
+    float kappa;
+    float *delta;
+    float *output;
+    float *sums;
+} normalization_layer;
+
+image get_normalization_image(normalization_layer layer);
+normalization_layer *make_normalization_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, float alpha, float beta, float kappa);
+void resize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer *layer, int h, int w);
+void forward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state);
+void backward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state);
+void visualize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer layer, char *window);
+
+#endif
+#include "normalization_layer.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+image get_normalization_image(normalization_layer layer)
+{
+    int h = layer.h;
+    int w = layer.w;
+    int c = layer.c;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.output);
+}
+
+image get_normalization_delta(normalization_layer layer)
+{
+    int h = layer.h;
+    int w = layer.w;
+    int c = layer.c;
+    return float_to_image(w,h,c,layer.delta);
+}
+
+normalization_layer *make_normalization_layer(int batch, int h, int w, int c, int size, float alpha, float beta, float kappa)
+{
+    fprintf(stderr, "Local Response Normalization Layer: %d x %d x %d image, %d size\n", h,w,c,size);
+    normalization_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(normalization_layer));
+    layer->batch = batch;
+    layer->h = h;
+    layer->w = w;
+    layer->c = c;
+    layer->kappa = kappa;
+    layer->size = size;
+    layer->alpha = alpha;
+    layer->beta = beta;
+    layer->output = calloc(h * w * c * batch, sizeof(float));
+    layer->delta = calloc(h * w * c * batch, sizeof(float));
+    layer->sums = calloc(h*w, sizeof(float));
+    return layer;
+}
+
+void resize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer *layer, int h, int w)
+{
+    layer->h = h;
+    layer->w = w;
+    layer->output = realloc(layer->output, h * w * layer->c * layer->batch * sizeof(float));
+    layer->delta = realloc(layer->delta, h * w * layer->c * layer->batch * sizeof(float));
+    layer->sums = realloc(layer->sums, h*w * sizeof(float));
+}
+
+void add_square_array(float *src, float *dest, int n)
+{
+    int i;
+    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
+        dest[i] += src[i]*src[i];
+    }
+}
+void sub_square_array(float *src, float *dest, int n)
+{
+    int i;
+    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
+        dest[i] -= src[i]*src[i];
+    }
+}
+
+void forward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state)
+{
+    int i,j,k;
+    memset(layer.sums, 0, layer.h*layer.w*sizeof(float));
+    int imsize = layer.h*layer.w;
+    for(j = 0; j < layer.size/2; ++j){
+        if(j < layer.c) add_square_array(state.input+j*imsize, layer.sums, imsize);
+    }
+    for(k = 0; k < layer.c; ++k){
+        int next = k+layer.size/2;
+        int prev = k-layer.size/2-1;
+        if(next < layer.c) add_square_array(state.input+next*imsize, layer.sums, imsize);
+        if(prev > 0)       sub_square_array(state.input+prev*imsize, layer.sums, imsize);
+        for(i = 0; i < imsize; ++i){
+            layer.output[k*imsize + i] = state.input[k*imsize+i] / pow(layer.kappa + layer.alpha * layer.sums[i], layer.beta);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void backward_normalization_layer(const normalization_layer layer, network_state state)
+{
+    // TODO!
+    // OR NOT TODO!!
+}
+
+void visualize_normalization_layer(normalization_layer layer, char *window)
+{
+    image delta = get_normalization_image(layer);
+    image dc = collapse_image_layers(delta, 1);
+    char buff[256];
+    sprintf(buff, "%s: Output", window);
+    show_image(dc, buff);
+    save_image(dc, buff);
+    free_image(dc);
+}
 
 void test_load()
 {
diff --git a/src/parser.c b/src/parser.c
index 46bd8ef8..48567a11 100644
--- a/src/parser.c
+++ b/src/parser.c
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include "deconvolutional_layer.h"
 #include "connected_layer.h"
 #include "maxpool_layer.h"
-#include "normalization_layer.h"
 #include "softmax_layer.h"
 #include "dropout_layer.h"
 #include "detection_layer.h"
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ int is_softmax(section *s);
 int is_crop(section *s);
 int is_cost(section *s);
 int is_detection(section *s);
-int is_normalization(section *s);
 int is_route(section *s);
 list *read_cfg(char *filename);
 
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ typedef struct size_params{
     int c;
 } size_params;
 
-deconvolutional_layer *parse_deconvolutional(list *options, size_params params)
+deconvolutional_layer parse_deconvolutional(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int n = option_find_int(options, "filters",1);
     int size = option_find_int(options, "size",1);
@@ -93,20 +91,20 @@ deconvolutional_layer *parse_deconvolutional(list *options, size_params params)
     batch=params.batch;
     if(!(h && w && c)) error("Layer before deconvolutional layer must output image.");
 
-    deconvolutional_layer *layer = make_deconvolutional_layer(batch,h,w,c,n,size,stride,activation);
+    deconvolutional_layer layer = make_deconvolutional_layer(batch,h,w,c,n,size,stride,activation);
 
     char *weights = option_find_str(options, "weights", 0);
     char *biases = option_find_str(options, "biases", 0);
-    parse_data(weights, layer->filters, c*n*size*size);
-    parse_data(biases, layer->biases, n);
+    parse_data(weights, layer.filters, c*n*size*size);
+    parse_data(biases, layer.biases, n);
     #ifdef GPU
-    if(weights || biases) push_deconvolutional_layer(*layer);
+    if(weights || biases) push_deconvolutional_layer(layer);
     #endif
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-convolutional_layer *parse_convolutional(list *options, size_params params)
+convolutional_layer parse_convolutional(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int n = option_find_int(options, "filters",1);
     int size = option_find_int(options, "size",1);
@@ -122,68 +120,68 @@ convolutional_layer *parse_convolutional(list *options, size_params params)
     batch=params.batch;
     if(!(h && w && c)) error("Layer before convolutional layer must output image.");
 
-    convolutional_layer *layer = make_convolutional_layer(batch,h,w,c,n,size,stride,pad,activation);
+    convolutional_layer layer = make_convolutional_layer(batch,h,w,c,n,size,stride,pad,activation);
 
     char *weights = option_find_str(options, "weights", 0);
     char *biases = option_find_str(options, "biases", 0);
-    parse_data(weights, layer->filters, c*n*size*size);
-    parse_data(biases, layer->biases, n);
+    parse_data(weights, layer.filters, c*n*size*size);
+    parse_data(biases, layer.biases, n);
     #ifdef GPU
-    if(weights || biases) push_convolutional_layer(*layer);
+    if(weights || biases) push_convolutional_layer(layer);
     #endif
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-connected_layer *parse_connected(list *options, size_params params)
+connected_layer parse_connected(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int output = option_find_int(options, "output",1);
     char *activation_s = option_find_str(options, "activation", "logistic");
     ACTIVATION activation = get_activation(activation_s);
 
-    connected_layer *layer = make_connected_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, output, activation);
+    connected_layer layer = make_connected_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, output, activation);
 
     char *weights = option_find_str(options, "weights", 0);
     char *biases = option_find_str(options, "biases", 0);
-    parse_data(biases, layer->biases, output);
-    parse_data(weights, layer->weights, params.inputs*output);
+    parse_data(biases, layer.biases, output);
+    parse_data(weights, layer.weights, params.inputs*output);
     #ifdef GPU
-    if(weights || biases) push_connected_layer(*layer);
+    if(weights || biases) push_connected_layer(layer);
     #endif
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-softmax_layer *parse_softmax(list *options, size_params params)
+softmax_layer parse_softmax(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int groups = option_find_int(options, "groups",1);
-    softmax_layer *layer = make_softmax_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, groups);
+    softmax_layer layer = make_softmax_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, groups);
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-detection_layer *parse_detection(list *options, size_params params)
+detection_layer parse_detection(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int coords = option_find_int(options, "coords", 1);
     int classes = option_find_int(options, "classes", 1);
     int rescore = option_find_int(options, "rescore", 1);
     int nuisance = option_find_int(options, "nuisance", 0);
     int background = option_find_int(options, "background", 1);
-    detection_layer *layer = make_detection_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, classes, coords, rescore, background, nuisance);
+    detection_layer layer = make_detection_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, classes, coords, rescore, background, nuisance);
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-cost_layer *parse_cost(list *options, size_params params)
+cost_layer parse_cost(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     char *type_s = option_find_str(options, "type", "sse");
     COST_TYPE type = get_cost_type(type_s);
-    cost_layer *layer = make_cost_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, type);
+    cost_layer layer = make_cost_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, type);
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-crop_layer *parse_crop(list *options, size_params params)
+crop_layer parse_crop(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int crop_height = option_find_int(options, "crop_height",1);
     int crop_width = option_find_int(options, "crop_width",1);
@@ -199,12 +197,12 @@ crop_layer *parse_crop(list *options, size_params params)
     batch=params.batch;
     if(!(h && w && c)) error("Layer before crop layer must output image.");
 
-    crop_layer *layer = make_crop_layer(batch,h,w,c,crop_height,crop_width,flip, angle, saturation, exposure);
+    crop_layer l = make_crop_layer(batch,h,w,c,crop_height,crop_width,flip, angle, saturation, exposure);
     option_unused(options);
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-maxpool_layer *parse_maxpool(list *options, size_params params)
+maxpool_layer parse_maxpool(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     int stride = option_find_int(options, "stride",1);
     int size = option_find_int(options, "size",stride);
@@ -216,39 +214,20 @@ maxpool_layer *parse_maxpool(list *options, size_params params)
     batch=params.batch;
     if(!(h && w && c)) error("Layer before maxpool layer must output image.");
 
-    maxpool_layer *layer = make_maxpool_layer(batch,h,w,c,size,stride);
+    maxpool_layer layer = make_maxpool_layer(batch,h,w,c,size,stride);
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-dropout_layer *parse_dropout(list *options, size_params params)
+dropout_layer parse_dropout(list *options, size_params params)
 {
     float probability = option_find_float(options, "probability", .5);
-    dropout_layer *layer = make_dropout_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, probability);
+    dropout_layer layer = make_dropout_layer(params.batch, params.inputs, probability);
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
 
-normalization_layer *parse_normalization(list *options, size_params params)
-{
-    int size = option_find_int(options, "size",1);
-    float alpha = option_find_float(options, "alpha", 0.);
-    float beta = option_find_float(options, "beta", 1.);
-    float kappa = option_find_float(options, "kappa", 1.);
-
-    int batch,h,w,c;
-    h = params.h;
-    w = params.w;
-    c = params.c;
-    batch=params.batch;
-    if(!(h && w && c)) error("Layer before normalization layer must output image.");
-
-    normalization_layer *layer = make_normalization_layer(batch,h,w,c,size, alpha, beta, kappa);
-    option_unused(options);
-    return layer;
-}
-
-route_layer *parse_route(list *options, size_params params, network net)
+route_layer parse_route(list *options, size_params params, network net)
 {
     char *l = option_find(options, "layers");   
     int len = strlen(l);
@@ -265,11 +244,26 @@ route_layer *parse_route(list *options, size_params params, network net)
         int index = atoi(l);
         l = strchr(l, ',')+1;
         layers[i] = index;
-        sizes[i] = get_network_output_size_layer(net, index);
+        sizes[i] = net.layers[index].outputs;
     }
     int batch = params.batch;
 
-    route_layer *layer = make_route_layer(batch, n, layers, sizes);
+    route_layer layer = make_route_layer(batch, n, layers, sizes);
+    
+    convolutional_layer first = net.layers[layers[0]];
+    layer.out_w = first.out_w;
+    layer.out_h = first.out_h;
+    layer.out_c = first.out_c;
+    for(i = 1; i < n; ++i){
+        int index = layers[i];
+        convolutional_layer next = net.layers[index];
+        if(next.out_w == first.out_w && next.out_h == first.out_h){
+            layer.out_c += next.out_c;
+        }else{
+            layer.out_h = layer.out_w = layer.out_c = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
     option_unused(options);
     return layer;
 }
@@ -318,61 +312,44 @@ network parse_network_cfg(char *filename)
         fprintf(stderr, "%d: ", count);
         s = (section *)n->val;
         options = s->options;
+        layer l = {0};
         if(is_convolutional(s)){
-            convolutional_layer *layer = parse_convolutional(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = CONVOLUTIONAL;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_convolutional(options, params);
         }else if(is_deconvolutional(s)){
-            deconvolutional_layer *layer = parse_deconvolutional(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = DECONVOLUTIONAL;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_deconvolutional(options, params);
         }else if(is_connected(s)){
-            connected_layer *layer = parse_connected(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = CONNECTED;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_connected(options, params);
         }else if(is_crop(s)){
-            crop_layer *layer = parse_crop(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = CROP;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_crop(options, params);
         }else if(is_cost(s)){
-            cost_layer *layer = parse_cost(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = COST;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_cost(options, params);
         }else if(is_detection(s)){
-            detection_layer *layer = parse_detection(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = DETECTION;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_detection(options, params);
         }else if(is_softmax(s)){
-            softmax_layer *layer = parse_softmax(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = SOFTMAX;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_softmax(options, params);
         }else if(is_maxpool(s)){
-            maxpool_layer *layer = parse_maxpool(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = MAXPOOL;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
-        }else if(is_normalization(s)){
-            normalization_layer *layer = parse_normalization(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = NORMALIZATION;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_maxpool(options, params);
         }else if(is_route(s)){
-            route_layer *layer = parse_route(options, params, net);
-            net.types[count] = ROUTE;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_route(options, params, net);
         }else if(is_dropout(s)){
-            dropout_layer *layer = parse_dropout(options, params);
-            net.types[count] = DROPOUT;
-            net.layers[count] = layer;
+            l = parse_dropout(options, params);
+            l.output = net.layers[count-1].output;
+            l.delta = net.layers[count-1].delta;
+            #ifdef GPU
+            l.output_gpu = net.layers[count-1].output_gpu;
+            l.delta_gpu = net.layers[count-1].delta_gpu;
+            #endif
         }else{
             fprintf(stderr, "Type not recognized: %s\n", s->type);
         }
+        net.layers[count] = l;
         free_section(s);
         n = n->next;
         if(n){
-            image im = get_network_image_layer(net, count);
-            params.h = im.h;
-            params.w = im.w;
-            params.c = im.c;
-            params.inputs = get_network_output_size_layer(net, count);
+            params.h = l.out_h;
+            params.w = l.out_w;
+            params.c = l.out_c;
+            params.inputs = l.outputs;
         }
         ++count;
     }   
@@ -429,11 +406,6 @@ int is_softmax(section *s)
     return (strcmp(s->type, "[soft]")==0
             || strcmp(s->type, "[softmax]")==0);
 }
-int is_normalization(section *s)
-{
-    return (strcmp(s->type, "[lrnorm]")==0
-            || strcmp(s->type, "[localresponsenormalization]")==0);
-}
 int is_route(section *s)
 {
     return (strcmp(s->type, "[route]")==0);
@@ -492,114 +464,6 @@ list *read_cfg(char *filename)
     return sections;
 }
 
-void print_convolutional_cfg(FILE *fp, convolutional_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-#ifdef GPU
-    if(gpu_index >= 0)  pull_convolutional_layer(*l);
-#endif
-    int i;
-    fprintf(fp, "[convolutional]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "filters=%d\n"
-            "size=%d\n"
-            "stride=%d\n"
-            "pad=%d\n"
-            "activation=%s\n",
-            l->n, l->size, l->stride, l->pad,
-            get_activation_string(l->activation));
-    fprintf(fp, "biases=");
-    for(i = 0; i < l->n; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->biases[i]);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "weights=");
-    for(i = 0; i < l->n*l->c*l->size*l->size; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->filters[i]);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
-}
-
-void print_deconvolutional_cfg(FILE *fp, deconvolutional_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-#ifdef GPU
-    if(gpu_index >= 0)  pull_deconvolutional_layer(*l);
-#endif
-    int i;
-    fprintf(fp, "[deconvolutional]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "filters=%d\n"
-            "size=%d\n"
-            "stride=%d\n"
-            "activation=%s\n",
-            l->n, l->size, l->stride,
-            get_activation_string(l->activation));
-    fprintf(fp, "biases=");
-    for(i = 0; i < l->n; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->biases[i]);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "weights=");
-    for(i = 0; i < l->n*l->c*l->size*l->size; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->filters[i]);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
-}
-
-void print_dropout_cfg(FILE *fp, dropout_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[dropout]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "probability=%g\n\n", l->probability);
-}
-
-void print_connected_cfg(FILE *fp, connected_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-#ifdef GPU
-    if(gpu_index >= 0) pull_connected_layer(*l);
-#endif
-    int i;
-    fprintf(fp, "[connected]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "output=%d\n"
-            "activation=%s\n",
-            l->outputs,
-            get_activation_string(l->activation));
-    fprintf(fp, "biases=");
-    for(i = 0; i < l->outputs; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->biases[i]);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "weights=");
-    for(i = 0; i < l->outputs*l->inputs; ++i) fprintf(fp, "%g,", l->weights[i]);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
-}
-
-void print_crop_cfg(FILE *fp, crop_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[crop]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "crop_height=%d\ncrop_width=%d\nflip=%d\n\n", l->crop_height, l->crop_width, l->flip);
-}
-
-void print_maxpool_cfg(FILE *fp, maxpool_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[maxpool]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "size=%d\nstride=%d\n\n", l->size, l->stride);
-}
-
-void print_normalization_cfg(FILE *fp, normalization_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[localresponsenormalization]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "size=%d\n"
-            "alpha=%g\n"
-            "beta=%g\n"
-            "kappa=%g\n\n", l->size, l->alpha, l->beta, l->kappa);
-}
-
-void print_softmax_cfg(FILE *fp, softmax_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[softmax]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "\n");
-}
-
-void print_detection_cfg(FILE *fp, detection_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[detection]\n");
-    fprintf(fp, "classes=%d\ncoords=%d\nrescore=%d\nnuisance=%d\n", l->classes, l->coords, l->rescore, l->nuisance);
-    fprintf(fp, "\n");
-}
-
-void print_cost_cfg(FILE *fp, cost_layer *l, network net, int count)
-{
-    fprintf(fp, "[cost]\ntype=%s\n", get_cost_string(l->type));
-    fprintf(fp, "\n");
-}
-
 void save_weights(network net, char *filename)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Saving weights to %s\n", filename);
@@ -613,37 +477,35 @@ void save_weights(network net, char *filename)
 
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i){
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *) net.layers[i];
+        layer l = net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
 #ifdef GPU
             if(gpu_index >= 0){
-                pull_convolutional_layer(layer);
+                pull_convolutional_layer(l);
             }
 #endif
-            int num = layer.n*layer.c*layer.size*layer.size;
-            fwrite(layer.biases, sizeof(float), layer.n, fp);
-            fwrite(layer.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
+            int num = l.n*l.c*l.size*l.size;
+            fwrite(l.biases, sizeof(float), l.n, fp);
+            fwrite(l.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
         }
-        if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *) net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
 #ifdef GPU
             if(gpu_index >= 0){
-                pull_deconvolutional_layer(layer);
+                pull_deconvolutional_layer(l);
             }
 #endif
-            int num = layer.n*layer.c*layer.size*layer.size;
-            fwrite(layer.biases, sizeof(float), layer.n, fp);
-            fwrite(layer.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
+            int num = l.n*l.c*l.size*l.size;
+            fwrite(l.biases, sizeof(float), l.n, fp);
+            fwrite(l.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
         }
-        if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *) net.layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONNECTED){
 #ifdef GPU
             if(gpu_index >= 0){
-                pull_connected_layer(layer);
+                pull_connected_layer(l);
             }
 #endif
-            fwrite(layer.biases, sizeof(float), layer.outputs, fp);
-            fwrite(layer.weights, sizeof(float), layer.outputs*layer.inputs, fp);
+            fwrite(l.biases, sizeof(float), l.outputs, fp);
+            fwrite(l.weights, sizeof(float), l.outputs*l.inputs, fp);
         }
     }
     fclose(fp);
@@ -663,35 +525,33 @@ void load_weights_upto(network *net, char *filename, int cutoff)
 
     int i;
     for(i = 0; i < net->n && i < cutoff; ++i){
-        if(net->types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL){
-            convolutional_layer layer = *(convolutional_layer *) net->layers[i];
-            int num = layer.n*layer.c*layer.size*layer.size;
-            fread(layer.biases, sizeof(float), layer.n, fp);
-            fread(layer.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
+        layer l = net->layers[i];
+        if(l.type == CONVOLUTIONAL){
+            int num = l.n*l.c*l.size*l.size;
+            fread(l.biases, sizeof(float), l.n, fp);
+            fread(l.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
 #ifdef GPU
             if(gpu_index >= 0){
-                push_convolutional_layer(layer);
+                push_convolutional_layer(l);
             }
 #endif
         }
-        if(net->types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
-            deconvolutional_layer layer = *(deconvolutional_layer *) net->layers[i];
-            int num = layer.n*layer.c*layer.size*layer.size;
-            fread(layer.biases, sizeof(float), layer.n, fp);
-            fread(layer.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
+        if(l.type == DECONVOLUTIONAL){
+            int num = l.n*l.c*l.size*l.size;
+            fread(l.biases, sizeof(float), l.n, fp);
+            fread(l.filters, sizeof(float), num, fp);
 #ifdef GPU
             if(gpu_index >= 0){
-                push_deconvolutional_layer(layer);
+                push_deconvolutional_layer(l);
             }
 #endif
         }
-        if(net->types[i] == CONNECTED){
-            connected_layer layer = *(connected_layer *) net->layers[i];
-            fread(layer.biases, sizeof(float), layer.outputs, fp);
-            fread(layer.weights, sizeof(float), layer.outputs*layer.inputs, fp);
+        if(l.type == CONNECTED){
+            fread(l.biases, sizeof(float), l.outputs, fp);
+            fread(l.weights, sizeof(float), l.outputs*l.inputs, fp);
 #ifdef GPU
             if(gpu_index >= 0){
-                push_connected_layer(layer);
+                push_connected_layer(l);
             }
 #endif
         }
@@ -704,34 +564,3 @@ void load_weights(network *net, char *filename)
     load_weights_upto(net, filename, net->n);
 }
 
-void save_network(network net, char *filename)
-{
-    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");
-    if(!fp) file_error(filename);
-    int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < net.n; ++i)
-    {
-        if(net.types[i] == CONVOLUTIONAL)
-            print_convolutional_cfg(fp, (convolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == DECONVOLUTIONAL)
-            print_deconvolutional_cfg(fp, (deconvolutional_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == CONNECTED)
-            print_connected_cfg(fp, (connected_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == CROP)
-            print_crop_cfg(fp, (crop_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == MAXPOOL)
-            print_maxpool_cfg(fp, (maxpool_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == DROPOUT)
-            print_dropout_cfg(fp, (dropout_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == NORMALIZATION)
-            print_normalization_cfg(fp, (normalization_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == SOFTMAX)
-            print_softmax_cfg(fp, (softmax_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == DETECTION)
-            print_detection_cfg(fp, (detection_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-        else if(net.types[i] == COST)
-            print_cost_cfg(fp, (cost_layer *)net.layers[i], net, i);
-    }
-    fclose(fp);
-}
-
diff --git a/src/route_layer.c b/src/route_layer.c
index c8897b14..e3802b7d 100644
--- a/src/route_layer.c
+++ b/src/route_layer.c
@@ -3,83 +3,89 @@
 #include "blas.h"
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-route_layer *make_route_layer(int batch, int n, int *input_layers, int *input_sizes)
+route_layer make_route_layer(int batch, int n, int *input_layers, int *input_sizes)
 {
-    printf("Route Layer:");
-    route_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(route_layer));
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->n = n;
-    layer->input_layers = input_layers;
-    layer->input_sizes = input_sizes;
+    fprintf(stderr,"Route Layer:");
+    route_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = ROUTE;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.n = n;
+    l.input_layers = input_layers;
+    l.input_sizes = input_sizes;
     int i;
     int outputs = 0;
     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
-        printf(" %d", input_layers[i]);
+        fprintf(stderr," %d", input_layers[i]);
         outputs += input_sizes[i];
     }
-    printf("\n");
-    layer->outputs = outputs;
-    layer->delta = calloc(outputs*batch, sizeof(float));
-    layer->output = calloc(outputs*batch, sizeof(float));;
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    l.outputs = outputs;
+    l.inputs = outputs;
+    l.delta = calloc(outputs*batch, sizeof(float));
+    l.output = calloc(outputs*batch, sizeof(float));;
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, outputs*batch);
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, outputs*batch);
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, outputs*batch);
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(0, outputs*batch);
     #endif
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
-void forward_route_layer(const route_layer layer, network net)
+void forward_route_layer(const route_layer l, network net)
 {
     int i, j;
     int offset = 0;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.n; ++i){
-        float *input = get_network_output_layer(net, layer.input_layers[i]);
-        int input_size = layer.input_sizes[i];
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.batch; ++j){
-            copy_cpu(input_size, input + j*input_size, 1, layer.output + offset + j*layer.outputs, 1);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.n; ++i){
+        int index = l.input_layers[i];
+        float *input = net.layers[index].output;
+        int input_size = l.input_sizes[i];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.batch; ++j){
+            copy_cpu(input_size, input + j*input_size, 1, l.output + offset + j*l.outputs, 1);
         }
         offset += input_size;
     }
 }
 
-void backward_route_layer(const route_layer layer, network net)
+void backward_route_layer(const route_layer l, network net)
 {
     int i, j;
     int offset = 0;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.n; ++i){
-        float *delta = get_network_delta_layer(net, layer.input_layers[i]);
-        int input_size = layer.input_sizes[i];
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.batch; ++j){
-            copy_cpu(input_size, layer.delta + offset + j*layer.outputs, 1, delta + j*input_size, 1);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.n; ++i){
+        int index = l.input_layers[i];
+        float *delta = net.layers[index].delta;
+        int input_size = l.input_sizes[i];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.batch; ++j){
+            copy_cpu(input_size, l.delta + offset + j*l.outputs, 1, delta + j*input_size, 1);
         }
         offset += input_size;
     }
 }
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer layer, network net)
+void forward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer l, network net)
 {
     int i, j;
     int offset = 0;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.n; ++i){
-        float *input = get_network_output_gpu_layer(net, layer.input_layers[i]);
-        int input_size = layer.input_sizes[i];
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.batch; ++j){
-            copy_ongpu(input_size, input + j*input_size, 1, layer.output_gpu + offset + j*layer.outputs, 1);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.n; ++i){
+        int index = l.input_layers[i];
+        float *input = net.layers[index].output_gpu;
+        int input_size = l.input_sizes[i];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.batch; ++j){
+            copy_ongpu(input_size, input + j*input_size, 1, l.output_gpu + offset + j*l.outputs, 1);
         }
         offset += input_size;
     }
 }
 
-void backward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer layer, network net)
+void backward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer l, network net)
 {
     int i, j;
     int offset = 0;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.n; ++i){
-        float *delta = get_network_delta_gpu_layer(net, layer.input_layers[i]);
-        int input_size = layer.input_sizes[i];
-        for(j = 0; j < layer.batch; ++j){
-            copy_ongpu(input_size, layer.delta_gpu + offset + j*layer.outputs, 1, delta + j*input_size, 1);
+    for(i = 0; i < l.n; ++i){
+        int index = l.input_layers[i];
+        float *delta = net.layers[index].delta_gpu;
+        int input_size = l.input_sizes[i];
+        for(j = 0; j < l.batch; ++j){
+            copy_ongpu(input_size, l.delta_gpu + offset + j*l.outputs, 1, delta + j*input_size, 1);
         }
         offset += input_size;
     }
diff --git a/src/route_layer.h b/src/route_layer.h
index 086ef879..1f0d6e32 100644
--- a/src/route_layer.h
+++ b/src/route_layer.h
@@ -1,28 +1,17 @@
 #ifndef ROUTE_LAYER_H
 #define ROUTE_LAYER_H
 #include "network.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int batch;
-    int outputs;
-    int n;
-    int   * input_layers;
-    int   * input_sizes;
-    float * delta;
-    float * output;
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    float * output_gpu;
-    #endif
-} route_layer;
+typedef layer route_layer;
 
-route_layer *make_route_layer(int batch, int n, int *input_layers, int *input_size);
-void forward_route_layer(const route_layer layer, network net);
-void backward_route_layer(const route_layer layer, network net);
+route_layer make_route_layer(int batch, int n, int *input_layers, int *input_size);
+void forward_route_layer(const route_layer l, network net);
+void backward_route_layer(const route_layer l, network net);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void forward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer layer, network net);
-void backward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer layer, network net);
+void forward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer l, network net);
+void backward_route_layer_gpu(const route_layer l, network net);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/softmax_layer.c b/src/softmax_layer.c
index e344d166..ea22d059 100644
--- a/src/softmax_layer.c
+++ b/src/softmax_layer.c
@@ -7,21 +7,23 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 
-softmax_layer *make_softmax_layer(int batch, int inputs, int groups)
+softmax_layer make_softmax_layer(int batch, int inputs, int groups)
 {
     assert(inputs%groups == 0);
     fprintf(stderr, "Softmax Layer: %d inputs\n", inputs);
-    softmax_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(softmax_layer));
-    layer->batch = batch;
-    layer->groups = groups;
-    layer->inputs = inputs;
-    layer->output = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
-    layer->delta = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
+    softmax_layer l = {0};
+    l.type = SOFTMAX;
+    l.batch = batch;
+    l.groups = groups;
+    l.inputs = inputs;
+    l.outputs = inputs;
+    l.output = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
+    l.delta = calloc(inputs*batch, sizeof(float));
     #ifdef GPU
-    layer->output_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->output, inputs*batch); 
-    layer->delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(layer->delta, inputs*batch); 
+    l.output_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.output, inputs*batch); 
+    l.delta_gpu = cuda_make_array(l.delta, inputs*batch); 
     #endif
-    return layer;
+    return l;
 }
 
 void softmax_array(float *input, int n, float *output)
@@ -42,21 +44,21 @@ void softmax_array(float *input, int n, float *output)
     }
 }
 
-void forward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer layer, network_state state)
+void forward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int b;
-    int inputs = layer.inputs / layer.groups;
-    int batch = layer.batch * layer.groups;
+    int inputs = l.inputs / l.groups;
+    int batch = l.batch * l.groups;
     for(b = 0; b < batch; ++b){
-        softmax_array(state.input+b*inputs, inputs, layer.output+b*inputs);
+        softmax_array(state.input+b*inputs, inputs, l.output+b*inputs);
     }
 }
 
-void backward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer layer, network_state state)
+void backward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer l, network_state state)
 {
     int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < layer.inputs*layer.batch; ++i){
-        state.delta[i] = layer.delta[i];
+    for(i = 0; i < l.inputs*l.batch; ++i){
+        state.delta[i] = l.delta[i];
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/softmax_layer.h b/src/softmax_layer.h
index ecdec1ed..f29c6521 100644
--- a/src/softmax_layer.h
+++ b/src/softmax_layer.h
@@ -1,28 +1,19 @@
 #ifndef SOFTMAX_LAYER_H
 #define SOFTMAX_LAYER_H
 #include "params.h"
+#include "layer.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    int inputs;
-    int batch;
-    int groups;
-    float *delta;
-    float *output;
-    #ifdef GPU
-    float * delta_gpu;
-    float * output_gpu;
-    #endif
-} softmax_layer;
+typedef layer softmax_layer;
 
 void softmax_array(float *input, int n, float *output);
-softmax_layer *make_softmax_layer(int batch, int inputs, int groups);
-void forward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer layer, network_state state);
+softmax_layer make_softmax_layer(int batch, int inputs, int groups);
+void forward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_softmax_layer(const softmax_layer l, network_state state);
 
 #ifdef GPU
-void pull_softmax_layer_output(const softmax_layer layer);
-void forward_softmax_layer_gpu(const softmax_layer layer, network_state state);
-void backward_softmax_layer_gpu(const softmax_layer layer, network_state state);
+void pull_softmax_layer_output(const softmax_layer l);
+void forward_softmax_layer_gpu(const softmax_layer l, network_state state);
+void backward_softmax_layer_gpu(const softmax_layer l, network_state state);
 #endif
 
 #endif