diff --git a/src/NodeParser.js b/src/NodeParser.js
index a037a8f..ccf1ba6 100644
--- a/src/NodeParser.js
+++ b/src/NodeParser.js
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ const inlinePseudoElement = (node: HTMLElement, pseudoElt: ':before' | ':after')
     );
     if (image) {
         // $FlowFixMe
-        anonymousReplacedElement.src = image[1];
+        anonymousReplacedElement.src = stripQuotes(image[1]);
     } else {
         anonymousReplacedElement.appendChild(node.ownerDocument.createTextNode(content));
     }