Fixeserusev/parsedown-extra#67.
This introduces PHP 5.3+ late static binding to the Singleton pattern in Parsedown.
It will return an instance of Parsedown which inherits the class which
called the `instance()` method rather than always returning instance of just `Parsedown`.
Tests are testing this feature with a test class which inherits from Parsedown.
Notice that calling `instance()` with the default arguments after an instance of
`Parsedown` was already created, it will return it even though it is from just
an instance of `Parsedown`. So this is fixing the problem just partially.
