v/vlib/net/http/request.v

// Copyright (c) 2019-2022 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
module http

import io
import net
import net.urllib
import rand
import strings
import time

// Request holds information about an HTTP request (either received by
// a server or to be sent by a client)
pub struct Request {
pub mut:
	version    Version = .v1_1
	method     Method
	header     Header
	cookies    map[string]string
	data       string
	url        string
	user_agent string = 'v.http'
	verbose    bool
	user_ptr   voidptr
	// NOT implemented for ssl connections
	// time = -1 for no timeout
	read_timeout  i64 = 30 * time.second
	write_timeout i64 = 30 * time.second
	//
	validate               bool // when true, certificate failures will stop further processing
	verify                 string
	cert                   string
	cert_key               string
	in_memory_verification bool // if true, verify, cert, and cert_key are read from memory, not from a file
	allow_redirect         bool = true // whether to allow redirect
}

fn (mut req Request) free() {
	unsafe { req.header.free() }
}

// add_header adds the key and value of an HTTP request header
// To add a custom header, use add_custom_header
pub fn (mut req Request) add_header(key CommonHeader, val string) {
	req.header.add(key, val)
}

// add_custom_header adds the key and value of an HTTP request header
// This method may fail if the key contains characters that are not permitted
pub fn (mut req Request) add_custom_header(key string, val string) ? {
	return req.header.add_custom(key, val)
}

// do will send the HTTP request and returns `http.Response` as soon as the response is recevied
pub fn (req &Request) do() ?Response {
	mut url := urllib.parse(req.url) or { return error('http.Request.do: invalid url $req.url') }
	mut rurl := url
	mut resp := Response{}
	mut no_redirects := 0
	for {
		if no_redirects == max_redirects {
			return error('http.request.do: maximum number of redirects reached ($max_redirects)')
		}
		qresp := req.method_and_url_to_response(req.method, rurl) ?
		resp = qresp
		if !req.allow_redirect {
			break
		}
		if resp.status() !in [.moved_permanently, .found, .see_other, .temporary_redirect,
			.permanent_redirect] {
			break
		}
		// follow any redirects
		mut redirect_url := resp.header.get(.location) or { '' }
		if redirect_url.len > 0 && redirect_url[0] == `/` {
			url.set_path(redirect_url) or {
				return error('http.request.do: invalid path in redirect: "$redirect_url"')
			}
			redirect_url = url.str()
		}
		qrurl := urllib.parse(redirect_url) or {
			return error('http.request.do: invalid URL in redirect "$redirect_url"')
		}
		rurl = qrurl
		no_redirects++
	}
	return resp
}

fn (req &Request) method_and_url_to_response(method Method, url urllib.URL) ?Response {
	host_name := url.hostname()
	scheme := url.scheme
	p := url.escaped_path().trim_left('/')
	path := if url.query().len > 0 { '/$p?$url.query().encode()' } else { '/$p' }
	mut nport := url.port().int()
	if nport == 0 {
		if scheme == 'http' {
			nport = 80
		}
		if scheme == 'https' {
			nport = 443
		}
	}
	// println('fetch $method, $scheme, $host_name, $nport, $path ')
	if scheme == 'https' {
		// println('ssl_do( $nport, $method, $host_name, $path )')
		res := req.ssl_do(nport, method, host_name, path) ?
		return res
	} else if scheme == 'http' {
		// println('http_do( $nport, $method, $host_name, $path )')
		res := req.http_do('$host_name:$nport', method, path) ?
		return res
	}
	return error('http.request.method_and_url_to_response: unsupported scheme: "$scheme"')
}

fn (req &Request) build_request_headers(method Method, host_name string, path string) string {
	ua := req.user_agent
	mut uheaders := []string{}
	if !req.header.contains(.host) {
		uheaders << 'Host: $host_name\r\n'
	}
	if !req.header.contains(.user_agent) {
		uheaders << 'User-Agent: $ua\r\n'
	}
	if req.data.len > 0 && !req.header.contains(.content_length) {
		uheaders << 'Content-Length: $req.data.len\r\n'
	}
	for key in req.header.keys() {
		if key == CommonHeader.cookie.str() {
			continue
		}
		val := req.header.custom_values(key).join('; ')
		uheaders << '$key: $val\r\n'
	}
	uheaders << req.build_request_cookies_header()
	version := if req.version == .unknown { Version.v1_1 } else { req.version }
	return '$method $path $version\r\n' + uheaders.join('') + 'Connection: close\r\n\r\n' + req.data
}

fn (req &Request) build_request_cookies_header() string {
	if req.cookies.keys().len < 1 {
		return ''
	}
	mut cookie := []string{}
	for key, val in req.cookies {
		cookie << '$key=$val'
	}
	cookie << req.header.values(.cookie)
	return 'Cookie: ' + cookie.join('; ') + '\r\n'
}

fn (req &Request) http_do(host string, method Method, path string) ?Response {
	host_name, _ := net.split_address(host) ?
	s := req.build_request_headers(method, host_name, path)
	mut client := net.dial_tcp(host) ?
	client.set_read_timeout(req.read_timeout)
	client.set_write_timeout(req.write_timeout)
	// TODO this really needs to be exposed somehow
	client.write(s.bytes()) ?
	$if trace_http_request ? {
		eprintln('> $s')
	}
	mut bytes := io.read_all(reader: client) ?
	client.close() ?
	response_text := bytes.bytestr()
	$if trace_http_response ? {
		eprintln('< $response_text')
	}
	return parse_response(response_text)
}

// referer returns 'Referer' header value of the given request
pub fn (req &Request) referer() string {
	return req.header.get(.referer) or { '' }
}

// Parse a raw HTTP request into a Request object
pub fn parse_request(mut reader io.BufferedReader) ?Request {
	// request line
	mut line := reader.read_line() ?
	method, target, version := parse_request_line(line) ?

	// headers
	mut header := new_header()
	line = reader.read_line() ?
	for line != '' {
		key, value := parse_header(line) ?
		header.add_custom(key, value) ?
		line = reader.read_line() ?
	}
	header.coerce(canonicalize: true)

	// body
	mut body := []byte{}
	if length := header.get(.content_length) {
		n := length.int()
		if n > 0 {
			body = []byte{len: n}
			mut count := 0
			for count < body.len {
				count += reader.read(mut body[count..]) or { break }
			}
		}
	}

	return Request{
		method: method
		url: target.str()
		header: header
		data: body.bytestr()
		version: version
	}
}

fn parse_request_line(s string) ?(Method, urllib.URL, Version) {
	words := s.split(' ')
	if words.len != 3 {
		return error('malformed request line')
	}
	method := method_from_str(words[0])
	target := urllib.parse(words[1]) ?
	version := version_from_str(words[2])
	if version == .unknown {
		return error('unsupported version')
	}

	return method, target, version
}

// Parse URL encoded key=value&key=value forms
//
// FIXME: Some servers can require the
// parameter in a specific order.
//
// a possible solution is to use the a list of QueryValue
pub fn parse_form(body string) map[string]string {
	words := body.split('&')
	mut form := map[string]string{}
	for word in words {
		kv := word.split_nth('=', 2)
		if kv.len != 2 {
			continue
		}
		key := urllib.query_unescape(kv[0]) or { continue }
		val := urllib.query_unescape(kv[1]) or { continue }
		form[key] = val
	}
	return form
	// }
	// todo: parse form-data and application/json
	// ...
}

pub struct FileData {
pub:
	filename     string
	content_type string
	data         string
}

pub struct UnexpectedExtraAttributeError {
	Error
	attributes []string
}

pub fn (err UnexpectedExtraAttributeError) msg() string {
	return 'Encountered unexpected extra attributes: $err.attributes'
}

pub struct MultiplePathAttributesError {
	Error
}

pub fn (err MultiplePathAttributesError) msg() string {
	return 'Expected at most one path attribute'
}

// multipart_form_body converts form and file data into a multipart/form
// HTTP request body. It is the inverse of parse_multipart_form. Returns
// (body, boundary).
// Note: Form keys should not contain quotes
fn multipart_form_body(form map[string]string, files map[string][]FileData) (string, string) {
	alpha_numeric := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
	boundary := rand.string_from_set(alpha_numeric, 64)

	mut sb := strings.new_builder(1024)
	for name, value in form {
		sb.write_string('\r\n--')
		sb.write_string(boundary)
		sb.write_string('\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="')
		sb.write_string(name)
		sb.write_string('"\r\n\r\n')
		sb.write_string(value)
	}
	for name, fs in files {
		for f in fs {
			sb.write_string('\r\n--')
			sb.write_string(boundary)
			sb.write_string('\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="')
			sb.write_string(name)
			sb.write_string('"; filename="')
			sb.write_string(f.filename)
			sb.write_string('"\r\nContent-Type: ')
			sb.write_string(f.content_type)
			sb.write_string('\r\n\r\n')
			sb.write_string(f.data)
		}
	}
	sb.write_string('\r\n--')
	sb.write_string(boundary)
	sb.write_string('--')
	return sb.str(), boundary
}

struct LineSegmentIndexes {
mut:
	start int
	end   int
}

// parse_multipart_form parses an http request body, given a boundary string
// For more details about multipart forms, see:
//   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2183
//   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2388
//   https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition
pub fn parse_multipart_form(body string, boundary string) (map[string]string, map[string][]FileData) {
	// dump(body)
	// dump(boundary)
	mut form := map[string]string{}
	mut files := map[string][]FileData{}
	// TODO: do not use split, but only indexes, to reduce copying of potentially large data
	sections := body.split(boundary)
	fields := sections[1..sections.len - 1]
	for field in fields {
		mut line_segments := []LineSegmentIndexes{cap: 100}
		mut line_idx, mut line_start := 0, 0
		for cidx, c in field {
			if line_idx >= 6 {
				// no need to scan further
				break
			}
			if c == `\n` {
				line_segments << LineSegmentIndexes{line_start, cidx}
				line_start = cidx + 1
				line_idx++
			}
		}
		line_segments << LineSegmentIndexes{line_start, field.len}
		line1 := field[line_segments[1].start..line_segments[1].end]
		line2 := field[line_segments[2].start..line_segments[2].end]
		disposition := parse_disposition(line1.trim_space())
		// Grab everything between the double quotes
		name := disposition['name'] or { continue }
		// Parse files
		// TODO: handle `filename*`, see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition
		if filename := disposition['filename'] {
			// reject early broken content
			if line_segments.len < 5 {
				continue
			}
			// reject early non Content-Type headers
			if !line2.to_lower().starts_with('content-type:') {
				continue
			}
			content_type := line2.split_nth(':', 2)[1].trim_space()
			// line1: Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upfile"; filename="photo123.jpg"
			// line2: Content-Type: image/jpeg
			// line3:
			// line4: DATA
			// ...
			// lineX: --
			data := field[line_segments[4].start..field.len - 4] // each multipart field ends with \r\n--
			// dump(data.limit(20).bytes())
			// dump(data.len)
			files[name] << FileData{
				filename: filename
				content_type: content_type
				data: data
			}
			continue
		}
		if line_segments.len < 4 {
			continue
		}
		form[name] = field[line_segments[3].start..field.len - 4]
	}
	// dump(form)
	return form, files
}

// Parse the Content-Disposition header of a multipart form
// Returns a map of the key="value" pairs
// Example: assert parse_disposition('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="a"; filename="b"') == {'name': 'a', 'filename': 'b'}
fn parse_disposition(line string) map[string]string {
	mut data := map[string]string{}
	for word in line.split(';') {
		kv := word.split_nth('=', 2)
		if kv.len != 2 {
			continue
		}
		key, value := kv[0].to_lower().trim_left(' \t'), kv[1]
		if value.starts_with('"') && value.ends_with('"') {
			data[key] = value[1..value.len - 1]
		} else {
			data[key] = value
		}
	}
	return data
}