1
0
mirror of https://github.com/vlang/v.git synced 2023-08-10 21:13:21 +03:00
v/README.md

268 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
Raw Normal View History

2020-04-19 21:46:18 +03:00
<div align="center">
<p>
2020-04-13 06:11:56 +03:00
<img width="80" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/donnisnoni95/v-logo/master/dist/v-logo.svg?sanitize=true">
</p>
2020-04-19 21:46:18 +03:00
<h1>The V Programming Language</h1>
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2020-04-13 06:11:56 +03:00
[vlang.io](https://vlang.io) |
2020-04-19 21:47:36 +03:00
[Docs](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md) |
2020-04-13 06:11:56 +03:00
[Changelog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) |
2020-04-17 19:25:55 +03:00
[Speed](https://fast.vlang.io/) |
[Contributing & compiler design](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
2020-04-13 06:11:56 +03:00
</div>
<div align="center">
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2020-04-19 21:46:18 +03:00
[![Build Status][WorkflowBadge]][WorkflowUrl]
[![Sponsor][SponsorBadge]][SponsorUrl]
[![Patreon][PatreonBadge]][PatreonUrl]
[![Discord][DiscordBadge]][DiscordUrl]
[![Twitter][TwitterUrl]][TwitterBadge]
2019-06-23 17:13:56 +03:00
2020-04-13 06:11:56 +03:00
</div>
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2019-06-24 17:04:19 +03:00
## Key Features of V
2019-08-12 11:00:29 +03:00
- Simplicity: the language can be learned in less than an hour
- Fast compilation: ≈80k loc/s with a Clang backend,
≈1 million loc/s with x64 and tcc backends *(Intel i5-7500, SSD, no optimization)*
2019-06-24 17:07:41 +03:00
- Easy to develop: V compiles itself in less than a second
2020-10-07 19:18:35 +03:00
- Performance: as fast as C (V's main backend compiles to human readable C)
2019-06-28 02:54:42 +03:00
- Safety: no null, no globals, no undefined behavior, immutability by default
2019-06-24 17:04:19 +03:00
- C to V translation
2019-06-24 17:36:30 +03:00
- Hot code reloading
2020-01-12 22:30:21 +03:00
- [Cross-platform UI library](https://github.com/vlang/ui)
- Built-in graphics library
2019-06-24 17:04:19 +03:00
- Easy cross compilation
- REPL
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
- [Built-in ORM](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#orm)
- [Built-in web framework](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/vweb/README.md)
2019-09-07 14:50:12 +03:00
- C and JavaScript backends
2019-06-24 17:04:19 +03:00
2020-06-30 21:04:56 +03:00
## Stability guarantee and future changes
Despite being at an early development stage, the V language is relatively stable and has
backwards compatibility guarantee, meaning that the code you write today is guaranteed
to work a month, a year, or five years from now.
There still may be minor syntax changes before the 1.0 release, but they will be handled
automatically via `vfmt`, as has been done in the past.
The V core APIs (primarily the `os` module) will still have minor changes until
they are stabilized in 2020. Of course the APIs will grow after that, but without breaking
existing code.
Unlike many other languages, V is not going to be always changing, with new features
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
being introduced and old features modified. It is always going to be a small and simple
2020-06-30 21:04:56 +03:00
language, very similar to the way it is right now.
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
## Installing V from source
2019-09-30 15:45:05 +03:00
### Linux, macOS, Windows, *BSD, Solaris, WSL, Android, Raspbian
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
```bash
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
2019-06-29 13:58:52 +03:00
cd v
make
2019-06-26 00:02:25 +03:00
```
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
That's it! Now you have a V executable at `[path to V repo]/v`.
`[path to V repo]` can be anywhere.
2020-06-04 17:21:59 +03:00
(On Windows `make` means running `make.bat`, so make sure you use `cmd.exe`)
2019-10-22 09:21:59 +03:00
2020-06-04 17:21:59 +03:00
Now you can try `./v run examples/hello_world.v` (`v.exe` on Windows).
2019-10-31 14:40:17 +03:00
V is being constantly updated. To update V, simply run:
2019-09-01 22:56:49 +03:00
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
```bash
2019-09-01 22:56:49 +03:00
v up
```
### C compiler
It's recommended to use Clang or GCC or Visual Studio.
If you are doing development, you most likely already have one of those installed.
2019-10-05 15:59:34 +03:00
Otherwise, follow these instructions:
- [Installing a C compiler on Linux and macOS](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Linux-and-macOS)
2019-09-01 23:15:47 +03:00
- [Installing a C compiler on Windows](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows)
However, if none is found when running `make` on Linux or Windows,
TCC would be downloaded and set as an alternative C backend.
It's very lightweight (several MB) so this shouldn't take too long.
2019-09-01 22:56:49 +03:00
### Symlinking
2019-06-23 14:27:43 +03:00
NB: it is *highly recommended*, that you put V on your PATH. That saves
2020-08-16 23:45:03 +03:00
you the effort to type in the full path to your v executable every time.
V provides a convenience `v symlink` command to do that more easily.
On Unix systems, it creates a `/usr/local/bin/v` symlink to your
executable. To do that, run:
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2019-10-15 09:03:21 +03:00
```bash
2019-09-11 15:32:40 +03:00
sudo ./v symlink
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
```
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
On Windows, start a new shell with administrative privileges, for
example by <kbd>Windows Key</kbd>, then type `cmd.exe`, right click on its menu
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
entry, and choose `Run as administrator`. In the new administrative
shell, cd to the path, where you have compiled v.exe, then type:
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
```bat
2020-05-31 09:02:27 +03:00
.\v.exe symlink
```
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
That will make v available everywhere, by adding it to your PATH.
Please restart your shell/editor after that, so that it can pick
the new PATH variable.
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
NB: there is no need to run `v symlink` more than once - v will
continue to be available, even after `v up`, restarts and so on.
You only need to run it again, if you decide to move the V repo
folder somewhere else.
2019-08-27 04:17:50 +03:00
### Docker
2019-07-23 03:41:55 +03:00
2020-01-12 22:30:21 +03:00
<details><summary>Expand Docker instructions</summary>
2019-07-23 03:41:55 +03:00
```bash
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v
docker build -t vlang .
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
v
```
2019-06-27 23:32:29 +03:00
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
### Docker with Alpine/musl
2019-11-28 11:46:52 +03:00
```bash
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v
docker build -t vlang --file=Dockerfile.alpine .
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
/usr/local/v/v
```
2020-01-12 22:30:21 +03:00
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
</details>
2019-11-28 11:46:52 +03:00
2019-08-12 10:54:35 +03:00
### Testing and running the examples
Make sure V can compile itself:
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
```bash
2020-07-19 20:08:53 +03:00
v self
2019-08-12 10:54:35 +03:00
```
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2019-10-15 09:03:21 +03:00
```bash
2019-06-26 18:58:59 +03:00
$ v
2019-06-30 16:26:03 +03:00
V 0.1.x
Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
>>> println('hello world')
hello world
>>>
```
2019-10-15 09:03:21 +03:00
```bash
2019-08-12 11:00:29 +03:00
cd examples
2019-06-26 19:04:10 +03:00
v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply
v run hello_world.v # this builds the program and runs it right away
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
v word_counter.v && ./word_counter cinderella.txt
2019-06-24 18:13:02 +03:00
v run news_fetcher.v
2019-07-22 05:57:55 +03:00
v run tetris/tetris.v
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
```
2019-06-23 17:16:55 +03:00
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300>
NB: In order to build Tetris or 2048 (or anything else using `sokol` or `gg` graphics modules)
on some Linux systems, you need to install `libxi-dev` and `libxcursor-dev` .
2019-08-27 04:17:50 +03:00
If you plan to use the http package, you also need to install OpenSSL on non-Windows systems.
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2020-08-11 02:07:17 +03:00
```bash
2019-06-26 19:04:10 +03:00
macOS:
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
brew install openssl
2019-06-25 21:48:34 +03:00
2019-08-09 11:17:56 +03:00
Debian/Ubuntu:
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
sudo apt install libssl-dev
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
2019-08-09 11:17:56 +03:00
Arch/Manjaro:
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
openssl is installed by default
2019-08-09 11:17:56 +03:00
Fedora:
2020-08-06 18:23:54 +03:00
sudo dnf install openssl-devel
2019-06-22 21:22:41 +03:00
```
2019-06-24 19:53:22 +03:00
## V sync
V's `sync` module and channel implementation uses libatomic.
It is most likely already installed on your system, but if not,
you can install it, by doing the following:
```bash
MacOS: already installed
Debian/Ubuntu:
sudo apt install libatomic1
Fedora/CentOS/RH:
sudo dnf install libatomic-static
```
2020-01-12 22:30:21 +03:00
## V UI
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui">
2020-01-19 14:40:44 +03:00
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/ui/master/examples/screenshot.png' width=712>
2020-01-12 22:30:21 +03:00
</a>
https://github.com/vlang/ui
2019-12-12 20:22:11 +03:00
<!---
2019-09-15 04:10:12 +03:00
## JavaScript backend
[examples/hello_v_js.v](examples/hello_v_js.v):
2019-10-15 09:01:56 +03:00
```v
2019-09-15 04:10:12 +03:00
fn main() {
for i in 0..3 {
2019-09-15 04:10:12 +03:00
println('Hello from V.js')
}
}
```
```bash
v -o hi.js examples/hello_v_js.v && node hi.js
2019-09-15 04:10:12 +03:00
Hello from V.js
Hello from V.js
Hello from V.js
```
2019-12-12 20:22:11 +03:00
-->
## Developing web applications
Check out the [Building a simple web blog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/tutorials/building-a-simple-web-blog-with-vweb.md)
tutorial and Gitly, a light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab:
https://github.com/vlang/gitly
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/687996/85933714-b195fe80-b8da-11ea-9ddd-09cadc2103e4.png">
## Troubleshooting
2020-05-22 18:43:39 +03:00
Please see the [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Troubleshooting) section on our [wiki page](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki)
2020-04-19 21:46:18 +03:00
[WorkflowBadge]: https://github.com/vlang/v/workflows/CI/badge.svg
[DiscordBadge]: https://img.shields.io/discord/592103645835821068?label=Discord&logo=discord&logoColor=white
2020-10-25 03:21:36 +03:00
[PatreonBadge]: https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fshieldsio-patreon.vercel.app%2Fapi%3Fusername%3Dvlang%26type%3Dpledges
2020-04-19 21:46:18 +03:00
[SponsorBadge]: https://camo.githubusercontent.com/da8bc40db5ed31e4b12660245535b5db67aa03ce/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f7374617469632f76313f6c6162656c3d53706f6e736f72266d6573736167653d254532253944254134266c6f676f3d476974487562
[TwitterBadge]: https://twitter.com/v_language
[WorkflowUrl]: https://github.com/vlang/v/commits/master
[DiscordUrl]: https://discord.gg/vlang
[PatreonUrl]: https://patreon.com/vlang
[SponsorUrl]: https://github.com/sponsors/medvednikov
[TwitterUrl]: https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/v_language.svg?style=flatl&label=Follow&logo=twitter&logoColor=white&color=1da1f2