cgen: support option pointer values - ?&Type (#17397)

vlib/v/checker/assign.v

@@ -469,7 +469,9 @@ fn (mut c Checker) assign_stmt(mut node ast.AssignStmt) {
 					rtype = rtype.deref()
 				}
 				right_name := c.table.type_to_str(rtype)
-				c.error('mismatched types `${left_name}` and `${right_name}`', node.pos)
+				if !(left_type.has_flag(.option) && right_type == ast.none_type) {
+					c.error('mismatched types `${left_name}` and `${right_name}`', node.pos)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		// Single side check

vlib/v/checker/checker.v

@@ -3783,6 +3783,10 @@ fn (mut c Checker) prefix_expr(mut node ast.PrefixExpr) ast.Type {
 	}
 	right_sym := c.table.final_sym(c.unwrap_generic(right_type))
 	if node.op == .mul {
+		if right_type.has_flag(.option) {
+			c.error('type `?${right_sym.name}` is an Option, it must be unwrapped first; use `*var?` to do it',
+				node.right.pos())
+		}
 		if right_type.is_ptr() {
 			return right_type.deref()
 		}

vlib/v/checker/tests/option_ptr_err.out

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+vlib/v/checker/tests/option_ptr_err.vv:3:10: error: type `?int` is an Option, it must be unwrapped first; use `*var?` to do it
+    1 | fn main() {
+    2 |     mut var := unsafe { ?&int(none) }
+    3 |     assert *var == 0
+      |             ~~~
+    4 | }

vlib/v/checker/tests/option_ptr_err.vv

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+fn main() {
+	mut var := unsafe { ?&int(none) }
+	assert *var == 0
+}

vlib/v/gen/c/cgen.v

@@ -4329,7 +4329,12 @@ fn (mut g Gen) gen_result_error(target_type ast.Type, expr ast.Expr) {
 fn (mut g Gen) gen_option_error(target_type ast.Type, expr ast.Expr) {
 	styp := g.typ(g.unwrap_generic(target_type))
 	g.write('(${styp}){ .state=2, .err=')
-	g.expr(expr)
+	if target_type.has_flag(.option) && expr is ast.Ident
+		&& (expr as ast.Ident).or_expr.kind == .propagate_option {
+		g.expr(ast.None{}) // option type unwrapping error
+	} else {
+		g.expr(expr)
+	}
 	g.write(', .data={EMPTY_STRUCT_INITIALIZATION} }')
 }
 

vlib/v/gen/c/str.v

@@ -111,12 +111,21 @@ fn (mut g Gen) gen_expr_to_string(expr ast.Expr, etype ast.Type) {
 		if is_ptr && !is_var_mut {
 			ref_str := '&'.repeat(typ.nr_muls())
 			g.write('str_intp(1, _MOV((StrIntpData[]){{_SLIT("${ref_str}"), ${si_s_code} ,{.d_s = isnil(')
-			g.expr(expr)
-			g.write(') ? _SLIT("nil") : ')
+			if is_ptr && typ.has_flag(.option) {
+				g.write('*(${g.base_type(exp_typ)}*)&')
+				g.expr(expr)
+				g.write('.data')
+				g.write(') ? _SLIT("Option(&nil)") : ')
+			} else {
+				g.expr(expr)
+				g.write(') ? _SLIT("nil") : ')
+			}
 		}
 		g.write('${str_fn_name}(')
 		if str_method_expects_ptr && !is_ptr {
 			g.write('&')
+		} else if is_ptr && typ.has_flag(.option) {
+			g.write('*(${g.typ(typ.set_nr_muls(0))}*)&')
 		} else if !str_method_expects_ptr && !is_shared && (is_ptr || is_var_mut) {
 			g.write('*'.repeat(typ.nr_muls()))
 		}

vlib/v/parser/expr.v

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub fn (mut p Parser) check_expr(precedence int) !ast.Expr {
 				&& p.file_base in ['map.v', 'map_d_gcboehm_opt.v']) {
 				p.error_with_pos("deprecated map syntax, use syntax like `{'age': 20}`",
 					p.tok.pos())
+			} else if p.tok.kind == .question && p.peek_tok.kind == .amp {
+				node = p.prefix_expr()
 			} else {
 				if p.inside_comptime_if && p.is_generic_name() && p.peek_tok.kind != .dot {
 					// $if T is string {}
@@ -660,6 +662,10 @@ fn (p &Parser) fileis(s string) bool {
 
 fn (mut p Parser) prefix_expr() ast.Expr {
 	mut pos := p.tok.pos()
+	is_option := p.tok.kind == .question
+	if is_option {
+		p.next()
+	}
 	op := p.tok.kind
 	if op == .amp {
 		p.is_amp = true
@@ -678,6 +684,9 @@ fn (mut p Parser) prefix_expr() ast.Expr {
 		if mut right is ast.CastExpr {
 			// Handle &Type(x), as well as &&Type(x) etc:
 			p.recast_as_pointer(mut right, pos)
+			if is_option {
+				right.typ = right.typ.set_flag(.option)
+			}
 			return right
 		}
 		if mut right is ast.SelectorExpr {

vlib/v/tests/option_ptr_test.v

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+fn test_simple_opt_ptr() {
+	val := 123
+	mut var := unsafe { ?&int(&val) }
+	assert var? == unsafe { &int(&val) }
+}
+
+fn test_simple_writing() {
+	val := 123
+	mut var := unsafe { ?&int(&val) }
+	unsafe {
+		*var? = 321
+	}
+	assert val == 321
+}
+
+fn test_simple_deref() ? {
+	val := 123
+	mut var := unsafe { ?&int(&val) }
+	assert *var? == val
+	mut r := var?
+	unsafe {
+		*r = 321
+	}
+	assert val == 321
+}
+
+fn f_ref(val ?&int) ? {
+	t := 123
+	assert *val? == t
+}
+
+fn test_simple_writing2() {
+	val := 123
+	mut var := unsafe { ?&int(&val) }
+	unsafe {
+		*var? = 321
+	}
+	x := *var?
+	assert val == x
+}
+
+fn test_simple_fn() {
+	var := 123
+	f_ref(&var)
+}
+
+fn test_unset_opt_ptr() {
+	val := 123
+	mut var := unsafe { ?&int(&val) }
+	unsafe {
+		*var? = 1
+	}
+	assert var != none
+	var = none
+	assert var == none
+}