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README: replace deprecated align attribute, correct tcc info in C compiler section, fix some grammar and spacing issues (#16699)

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README.md
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@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
<div align="center"> <div style="display:grid;place-items:center;">
<p> <p>
<a href="https://vlang.io/" target="_blank"><img width="80" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v-logo/master/dist/v-logo.svg?sanitize=true"></a> <a href="https://vlang.io/" target="_blank"><img width="80" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v-logo/master/dist/v-logo.svg?sanitize=true" alt="V logo"></a>
</p> </p>
<h1>The V Programming Language</h1> <h1>The V Programming Language</h1>
[vlang.io](https://vlang.io) | [Docs](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md) | [Changelog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) | [Speed](https://fast.vlang.io/) | [Contributing & compiler design](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) [vlang.io](https://vlang.io) | [Docs](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md) | [Changelog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) | [Speed](https://fast.vlang.io/) | [Contributing & compiler design](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
</div> </div>
<div align="center"> <div style="display:grid;place-items:center;">
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</div> </div>
## Key Features of V ## Key Features of V
- Simplicity: the language can be learned in a weekend - Simplicity: the language can be learned in a weekend
- Fast compilation: ≈110k loc/s with a Clang backend, - Fast compilation: ≈110k loc/s with a Clang backend,
≈500k loc/s with native and tcc backends *(Intel i5-7500, SSD, no optimization)* ([demo video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvP6wmcl_Sc)) ≈500k loc/s with native and tcc backends *(Intel i5-7500, SSD, no optimization)* ([demo video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvP6wmcl_Sc))
@ -40,7 +37,6 @@
- Great for writing low-level software ([Vinix OS](https://github.com/vlang/vinix)) - Great for writing low-level software ([Vinix OS](https://github.com/vlang/vinix))
## Stability guarantee and future changes ## Stability guarantee and future changes
Despite being at an early development stage, the V language is relatively stable and has Despite being at an early development stage, the V language is relatively stable and has
backwards compatibility guarantee, meaning that the code you write today is guaranteed backwards compatibility guarantee, meaning that the code you write today is guaranteed
to work a month, a year, or five years from now. to work a month, a year, or five years from now.
@ -58,10 +54,9 @@ language, very similar to the way it is right now.
## Installing V from source ## Installing V from source
*(this is the preferred method)* --> **_(this is the preferred method)_**
### Linux, macOS, Windows, *BSD, Solaris, WSL, etc. ### Linux, macOS, Windows, *BSD, Solaris, WSL, etc.
Usually installing V is quite simple if you have an environment that already has a Usually installing V is quite simple if you have an environment that already has a
functional `git` installation. functional `git` installation.
@ -70,16 +65,15 @@ To get started, simply try to execute the following in your terminal/shell:
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v cd v
make make
# HINT: Using Windows?: run make.bat in the cmd.exe shell # HINT: Using Windows? run make.bat in a cmd shell, or ./make.bat in PowerShell
``` ```
That should be it and you should find your V executable at `[path to V repo]/v`. That should be it and you should find your V executable at `[path to V repo]/v`.
`[path to V repo]` can be anywhere. `[path to V repo]` can be anywhere.
(As in the hint above, on Windows `make` means running `make.bat`, so make sure you use (As in the hint above, on Windows `make` means running `make.bat`.)
the `cmd.exe` terminal.)
Now you can try `./v run examples/hello_world.v` (`v.exe` on Windows). Now you can try `./v run examples/hello_world.v` (or `v run examples/hello_world.v` in cmd shell).
* *Trouble? Please see the note above and link to * *Trouble? Please see the note above and link to
[Installation Issues](https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/categories/installation-issues) for help.* [Installation Issues](https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/categories/installation-issues) for help.*
@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ V is constantly being updated. To update V, simply run:
v up v up
``` ```
* *(* ***NOTE:*** *If you run into any trouble or you have a different operating * *(* ***NOTE:*** *If you run into any trouble, or you have a different operating
system or Linux distribution that doesn't install or work immediately, please see system or Linux distribution that doesn't install or work immediately, please see
[Installation Issues](https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/categories/installation-issues) [Installation Issues](https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/categories/installation-issues)
and search for your OS and problem. If you can't find your problem, please add it to an and search for your OS and problem. If you can't find your problem, please add it to an
@ -98,9 +92,14 @@ existing discussion if one exists for your OS, or create a new one if a main dis
doesn't yet exist for your OS.)* doesn't yet exist for your OS.)*
### C compiler ### C compiler
The [Tiny C Compiler (tcc)](https://repo.or.cz/w/tinycc.git) is downloaded for you by `make` if
there is a compatible version for your system, and installed under the V `thirdparty` directory.
It's recommended to use Clang, GCC, or Visual Studio. This compiler is very fast, but does almost no optimizations. It is best for development builds.
If you are doing development, you most likely already have one of those installed.
For production builds (using the `-prod` option to V), it's recommended to use clang, gcc, or
Microsoft Visual C++. If you are doing development, you most likely already have one of those
installed.
Otherwise, follow these instructions: Otherwise, follow these instructions:
@ -108,12 +107,7 @@ Otherwise, follow these instructions:
- [Installing a C compiler on Windows](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows) - [Installing a C compiler on Windows](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows)
However, if none is found when running `make` on Linux or Windows,
TCC is downloaded as the default C backend.
It's very lightweight (several MB) so this shouldn't take too long.
### Symlinking ### Symlinking
NB: it is *highly recommended*, that you put V on your PATH. That saves NB: it is *highly recommended*, that you put V on your PATH. That saves
you the effort to type in the full path to your v executable every time. you the effort to type in the full path to your v executable every time.
V provides a convenience `v symlink` command to do that more easily. V provides a convenience `v symlink` command to do that more easily.
@ -125,26 +119,24 @@ executable. To do that, run:
sudo ./v symlink sudo ./v symlink
``` ```
On Windows, start a new shell with administrative privileges, for On Windows, start a new shell with administrative privileges, for example by pressing the
example by <kbd>Windows Key</kbd>, then type `cmd.exe`, right-click on its menu <kbd>Windows Key</kbd>, then type `cmd.exe`, right-click on its menu entry, and choose `Run as
entry, and choose `Run as administrator`. In the new administrative administrator`. In the new administrative shell, cd to the path where you have compiled V, then
shell, cd to the path, where you have compiled v.exe, then type: type:
```bat ```bat
.\v.exe symlink v symlink
``` ```
(or `./v symlink` in PowerShell)
That will make V available everywhere, by adding it to your PATH. That will make V available everywhere, by adding it to your PATH. Please restart your
Please restart your shell/editor after that, so that it can pick shell/editor after that, so that it can pick up the new PATH variable.
the new PATH variable.
NB: there is no need to run `v symlink` more than once - v will NB: there is no need to run `v symlink` more than once - v will still be available, even after
continue to be available, even after `v up`, restarts, and so on. `v up`, restarts, and so on. You only need to run it again if you decide to move the V repo
You only need to run it again, if you decide to move the V repo
folder somewhere else. folder somewhere else.
### Docker ### Docker
<details><summary>Expand Docker instructions</summary> <details><summary>Expand Docker instructions</summary>
```bash ```bash
@ -153,20 +145,16 @@ cd v
docker build -t vlang . docker build -t vlang .
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
``` ```
### Docker with Alpine/musl ### Docker with Alpine/musl
```bash ```bash
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v cd v
docker build -t vlang --file=Dockerfile.alpine . docker build -t vlang --file=Dockerfile.alpine .
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
``` ```
</details> </details>
### Termux/Android ### Termux/Android
On Termux, V needs some packages preinstalled - a working C compiler, also `libexecinfo`, On Termux, V needs some packages preinstalled - a working C compiler, also `libexecinfo`,
`libgc` and `libgc-static`. After installing them, you can use the same script, like on `libgc` and `libgc-static`. After installing them, you can use the same script, like on
Linux/macos: Linux/macos:
@ -178,14 +166,9 @@ make
``` ```
## Testing and running the examples ## Testing and running the examples
Make sure V can compile itself: Make sure V can compile itself:
```bash
v self
```
```bash ```bash
$ v self
$ v $ v
V 0.3.x V 0.3.x
Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit
@ -194,7 +177,6 @@ Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit
hello world hello world
>>> >>>
``` ```
```bash ```bash
cd examples cd examples
v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply
@ -204,8 +186,7 @@ v run word_counter/word_counter.v word_counter/cinderella.txt
v run news_fetcher.v v run news_fetcher.v
v run tetris/tetris.v v run tetris/tetris.v
``` ```
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300 alt='tetris screenshot'>
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300>
NB: In order to build Tetris or 2048 (or anything else using `sokol` or `gg` graphics modules) NB: In order to build Tetris or 2048 (or anything else using `sokol` or `gg` graphics modules)
on some Linux systems, you need to install `libxi-dev` and `libxcursor-dev` . on some Linux systems, you need to install `libxi-dev` and `libxcursor-dev` .
@ -250,9 +231,8 @@ sudo dnf install libatomic-static
``` ```
## V UI ## V UI
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui"> <a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui">
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/ui/master/examples/screenshot.png' width=712> <img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/ui/master/examples/screenshot.png' width=712 alt='V UI example screenshot'>
</a> </a>
https://github.com/vlang/ui https://github.com/vlang/ui
@ -279,42 +259,34 @@ Hello from V.js
--> -->
## Android graphical apps ## Android graphical apps
With V's `vab` tool, building V UI and graphical apps for Android can become as easy as: With V's `vab` tool, building V UI and graphical apps for Android can become as easy as:
``` ```
./vab /path/to/v/examples/2048 ./vab /path/to/v/examples/2048
``` ```
[https://github.com/vlang/vab](https://github.com/vlang/vab). [https://github.com/vlang/vab](https://github.com/vlang/vab).
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/768942/107622846-c13f3900-6c58-11eb-8a66-55db12979b73.png" alt="vab examples screenshot">
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/768942/107622846-c13f3900-6c58-11eb-8a66-55db12979b73.png">
## Developing web applications ## Developing web applications
Check out the [Building a simple web blog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/tutorials/building_a_simple_web_blog_with_vweb/README.md) Check out the [Building a simple web blog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/tutorials/building_a_simple_web_blog_with_vweb/README.md)
tutorial and Gitly, a light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab: tutorial and Gitly, a light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab:
https://github.com/vlang/gitly https://github.com/vlang/gitly
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/687996/85933714-b195fe80-b8da-11ea-9ddd-09cadc2103e4.png"> <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/687996/85933714-b195fe80-b8da-11ea-9ddd-09cadc2103e4.png" alt="gitly screenshot">
## Vinix, an OS/kernel written in V ## Vinix, an OS/kernel written in V
V is great for writing low-level software like drivers and kernels. V is great for writing low-level software like drivers and kernels.
Vinix is an OS/kernel that already runs bash, GCC, V, and nano. Vinix is an OS/kernel that already runs bash, GCC, V, and nano.
https://github.com/vlang/vinix https://github.com/vlang/vinix
<img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot0.png?raw=true"> <img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot0.png?raw=true" alt="vinix screenshot 1">
<img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot1.png?raw=true"> <img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot1.png?raw=true" alt="vinix screenshot 2">
## Acknowledgement ## Acknowledgement
V thanks Fabrice Bellard for his original work on the [TCC - Tiny C Compiler](https://bellard.org/tcc/). Note the TCC website is old; the current TCC repository can be found [here](https://repo.or.cz/w/tinycc.git). V utilizes pre-built TCC binaries located at [https://github.com/vlang/tccbin/](https://github.com/vlang/tccbin/). V thanks Fabrice Bellard for his original work on the [TCC - Tiny C Compiler](https://bellard.org/tcc/). Note the TCC website is old; the current TCC repository can be found [here](https://repo.or.cz/w/tinycc.git). V utilizes pre-built TCC binaries located at [https://github.com/vlang/tccbin/](https://github.com/vlang/tccbin/).
## Troubleshooting ## Troubleshooting
Please see the [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Troubleshooting) section on our [wiki page](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki) Please see the [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Troubleshooting) section on our [wiki page](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki)
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