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README: replace deprecated align attribute, correct tcc info in C compiler section, fix some grammar and spacing issues (#16699)
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README.md
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README.md
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<div align="center">
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<div style="display:grid;place-items:center;">
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<p>
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<a href="https://vlang.io/" target="_blank"><img width="80" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v-logo/master/dist/v-logo.svg?sanitize=true"></a>
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<a href="https://vlang.io/" target="_blank"><img width="80" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v-logo/master/dist/v-logo.svg?sanitize=true" alt="V logo"></a>
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</p>
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<h1>The V Programming Language</h1>
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[vlang.io](https://vlang.io) | [Docs](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md) | [Changelog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) | [Speed](https://fast.vlang.io/) | [Contributing & compiler design](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
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</div>
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<div align="center">
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<div style="display:grid;place-items:center;">
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<!--
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[![Build Status][WorkflowBadge]][WorkflowUrl]
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-->
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[![Sponsor][SponsorBadge]][SponsorUrl]
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[![Patreon][PatreonBadge]][PatreonUrl]
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[![Discord][DiscordBadge]][DiscordUrl]
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[![Twitter][TwitterUrl]][TwitterBadge]
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</div>
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## Key Features of V
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- Simplicity: the language can be learned in a weekend
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- Fast compilation: ≈110k loc/s with a Clang backend,
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≈500k loc/s with native and tcc backends *(Intel i5-7500, SSD, no optimization)* ([demo video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvP6wmcl_Sc))
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@ -40,7 +37,6 @@
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- Great for writing low-level software ([Vinix OS](https://github.com/vlang/vinix))
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## Stability guarantee and future changes
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Despite being at an early development stage, the V language is relatively stable and has
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backwards compatibility guarantee, meaning that the code you write today is guaranteed
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to work a month, a year, or five years from now.
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@ -58,10 +54,9 @@ language, very similar to the way it is right now.
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## Installing V from source
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*(this is the preferred method)*
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--> **_(this is the preferred method)_**
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### Linux, macOS, Windows, *BSD, Solaris, WSL, etc.
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Usually installing V is quite simple if you have an environment that already has a
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functional `git` installation.
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@ -70,16 +65,15 @@ To get started, simply try to execute the following in your terminal/shell:
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git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
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cd v
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make
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# HINT: Using Windows?: run make.bat in the cmd.exe shell
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# HINT: Using Windows? run make.bat in a cmd shell, or ./make.bat in PowerShell
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```
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That should be it and you should find your V executable at `[path to V repo]/v`.
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`[path to V repo]` can be anywhere.
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(As in the hint above, on Windows `make` means running `make.bat`, so make sure you use
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the `cmd.exe` terminal.)
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(As in the hint above, on Windows `make` means running `make.bat`.)
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Now you can try `./v run examples/hello_world.v` (`v.exe` on Windows).
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Now you can try `./v run examples/hello_world.v` (or `v run examples/hello_world.v` in cmd shell).
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* *Trouble? Please see the note above and link to
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[Installation Issues](https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/categories/installation-issues) for help.*
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@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ V is constantly being updated. To update V, simply run:
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v up
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```
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* *(* ***NOTE:*** *If you run into any trouble or you have a different operating
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* *(* ***NOTE:*** *If you run into any trouble, or you have a different operating
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system or Linux distribution that doesn't install or work immediately, please see
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[Installation Issues](https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/categories/installation-issues)
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and search for your OS and problem. If you can't find your problem, please add it to an
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@ -98,9 +92,14 @@ existing discussion if one exists for your OS, or create a new one if a main dis
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doesn't yet exist for your OS.)*
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### C compiler
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The [Tiny C Compiler (tcc)](https://repo.or.cz/w/tinycc.git) is downloaded for you by `make` if
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there is a compatible version for your system, and installed under the V `thirdparty` directory.
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It's recommended to use Clang, GCC, or Visual Studio.
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If you are doing development, you most likely already have one of those installed.
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This compiler is very fast, but does almost no optimizations. It is best for development builds.
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For production builds (using the `-prod` option to V), it's recommended to use clang, gcc, or
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Microsoft Visual C++. If you are doing development, you most likely already have one of those
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installed.
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Otherwise, follow these instructions:
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@ -108,12 +107,7 @@ Otherwise, follow these instructions:
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- [Installing a C compiler on Windows](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows)
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However, if none is found when running `make` on Linux or Windows,
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TCC is downloaded as the default C backend.
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It's very lightweight (several MB) so this shouldn't take too long.
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### Symlinking
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NB: it is *highly recommended*, that you put V on your PATH. That saves
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you the effort to type in the full path to your v executable every time.
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V provides a convenience `v symlink` command to do that more easily.
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@ -125,26 +119,24 @@ executable. To do that, run:
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sudo ./v symlink
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```
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On Windows, start a new shell with administrative privileges, for
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example by <kbd>Windows Key</kbd>, then type `cmd.exe`, right-click on its menu
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entry, and choose `Run as administrator`. In the new administrative
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shell, cd to the path, where you have compiled v.exe, then type:
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On Windows, start a new shell with administrative privileges, for example by pressing the
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<kbd>Windows Key</kbd>, then type `cmd.exe`, right-click on its menu entry, and choose `Run as
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administrator`. In the new administrative shell, cd to the path where you have compiled V, then
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type:
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```bat
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.\v.exe symlink
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v symlink
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```
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(or `./v symlink` in PowerShell)
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That will make V available everywhere, by adding it to your PATH.
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Please restart your shell/editor after that, so that it can pick
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the new PATH variable.
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That will make V available everywhere, by adding it to your PATH. Please restart your
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shell/editor after that, so that it can pick up the new PATH variable.
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NB: there is no need to run `v symlink` more than once - v will
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continue to be available, even after `v up`, restarts, and so on.
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You only need to run it again, if you decide to move the V repo
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NB: there is no need to run `v symlink` more than once - v will still be available, even after
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`v up`, restarts, and so on. You only need to run it again if you decide to move the V repo
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folder somewhere else.
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### Docker
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<details><summary>Expand Docker instructions</summary>
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```bash
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@ -153,20 +145,16 @@ cd v
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docker build -t vlang .
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docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
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```
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### Docker with Alpine/musl
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
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cd v
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docker build -t vlang --file=Dockerfile.alpine .
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docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
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```
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</details>
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### Termux/Android
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On Termux, V needs some packages preinstalled - a working C compiler, also `libexecinfo`,
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`libgc` and `libgc-static`. After installing them, you can use the same script, like on
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Linux/macos:
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@ -178,14 +166,9 @@ make
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```
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## Testing and running the examples
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Make sure V can compile itself:
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```bash
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v self
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```
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```bash
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$ v self
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$ v
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V 0.3.x
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Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit
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@ -194,7 +177,6 @@ Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit
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hello world
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>>>
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```
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```bash
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cd examples
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v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply
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@ -204,8 +186,7 @@ v run word_counter/word_counter.v word_counter/cinderella.txt
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v run news_fetcher.v
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v run tetris/tetris.v
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```
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<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300>
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<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300 alt='tetris screenshot'>
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NB: In order to build Tetris or 2048 (or anything else using `sokol` or `gg` graphics modules)
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on some Linux systems, you need to install `libxi-dev` and `libxcursor-dev` .
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@ -250,9 +231,8 @@ sudo dnf install libatomic-static
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```
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## V UI
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<a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui">
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<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/ui/master/examples/screenshot.png' width=712>
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<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/ui/master/examples/screenshot.png' width=712 alt='V UI example screenshot'>
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</a>
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https://github.com/vlang/ui
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@ -279,42 +259,34 @@ Hello from V.js
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-->
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## Android graphical apps
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With V's `vab` tool, building V UI and graphical apps for Android can become as easy as:
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```
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./vab /path/to/v/examples/2048
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```
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[https://github.com/vlang/vab](https://github.com/vlang/vab).
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/768942/107622846-c13f3900-6c58-11eb-8a66-55db12979b73.png">
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/768942/107622846-c13f3900-6c58-11eb-8a66-55db12979b73.png" alt="vab examples screenshot">
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## Developing web applications
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Check out the [Building a simple web blog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/tutorials/building_a_simple_web_blog_with_vweb/README.md)
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tutorial and Gitly, a light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab:
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https://github.com/vlang/gitly
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/687996/85933714-b195fe80-b8da-11ea-9ddd-09cadc2103e4.png">
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/687996/85933714-b195fe80-b8da-11ea-9ddd-09cadc2103e4.png" alt="gitly screenshot">
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## Vinix, an OS/kernel written in V
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V is great for writing low-level software like drivers and kernels.
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Vinix is an OS/kernel that already runs bash, GCC, V, and nano.
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https://github.com/vlang/vinix
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<img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot0.png?raw=true">
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<img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot1.png?raw=true">
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<img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot0.png?raw=true" alt="vinix screenshot 1">
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<img src="https://github.com/vlang/vinix/blob/main/screenshot1.png?raw=true" alt="vinix screenshot 2">
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## Acknowledgement
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V thanks Fabrice Bellard for his original work on the [TCC - Tiny C Compiler](https://bellard.org/tcc/). Note the TCC website is old; the current TCC repository can be found [here](https://repo.or.cz/w/tinycc.git). V utilizes pre-built TCC binaries located at [https://github.com/vlang/tccbin/](https://github.com/vlang/tccbin/).
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## Troubleshooting
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Please see the [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Troubleshooting) section on our [wiki page](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki)
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[WorkflowBadge]: https://github.com/vlang/v/workflows/CI/badge.svg
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