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doc: split out perform from interface example (#6805)

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Nick Treleaven 2020-11-12 19:10:09 +00:00 committed by GitHub
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@ -1570,26 +1570,34 @@ interface Speaker {
speak() string
}
fn perform(s Speaker) string {
if s is Dog { // use `is` to check the underlying type of an interface
println('perform(dog)')
println(s.breed) // `s` is automatically cast to `Dog` (smart cast)
} else if s is Cat {
println('perform(cat)')
}
return s.speak()
}
dog := Dog{'Leonberger'}
cat := Cat{}
println(perform(dog)) // "woof"
println(perform(cat)) // "meow"
mut arr := []Speaker{}
arr << dog
arr << cat
for item in arr {
item.speak()
}
```
A type implements an interface by implementing its methods.
There is no explicit declaration of intent, no "implements" keyword.
We can test the underlying type of an interface using dynamic cast operators:
```v oksyntax
fn announce(s Speaker) {
if s is Dog {
println('a $s.breed') // `s` is automatically cast to `Dog` (smart cast)
} else if s is Cat {
println('a cat')
} else {
println('something else')
}
}
```
For more information, see [Dynamic casts](#dynamic-casts).
### Enums
```v
@ -1629,6 +1637,8 @@ sum := World(Moon{})
println(sum)
```
#### Dynamic casts
To check whether a sum type instance holds a certain type, use `sum is Type`.
To cast a sum type to one of its variants you can use `sum as Type`: