all: replace generic <> with [] - part 2 (#16536)

cmd/tools/gen_vc.v

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ fn main() {
 	}
 	// webhook server mode
 	if flag_options.serve {
-		vweb.run<WebhookServer>(&WebhookServer{}, flag_options.port)
+		vweb.run[WebhookServer](&WebhookServer{}, flag_options.port)
 	} else {
 		// cmd mode
 		mut gen_vc := new_gen_vc(flag_options)

cmd/tools/modules/testing/common.v

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ fn worker_trunner(mut p pool.PoolProcessor, idx int, thread_id int) voidptr {
 	}
 	tls_bench.no_cstep = true
 	tls_bench.njobs = ts.benchmark.njobs
-	mut relative_file := os.real_path(p.get_item<string>(idx))
+	mut relative_file := os.real_path(p.get_item[string](idx))
 	mut cmd_options := [ts.vargs]
 	mut run_js := false
 

cmd/tools/vast/test/demo.v

@@ -109,23 +109,23 @@ fn defer_fn() {
 }
 
 // generic function
-fn g_fn<T>(p T) T {
+fn g_fn[T](p T) T {
 	return p
 }
 
 // generic struct
-struct GenericStruct<T> {
+struct GenericStruct[T] {
 	point Point
 mut:
 	model T
 }
 
 // generic interface
-interface Gettable<T> {
+interface Gettable[T] {
 	get() T
 }
 
 // generic sumtype
 struct None {}
 
-type MyOption<T> = Error | None | T
+type MyOption[T] = Error | None | T

cmd/tools/vast/vast.v

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ fn (t Tree) token_node(tok_kind token.Kind) &Node {
 }
 
 // enum type node
-fn (t Tree) enum_node<T>(value T) &Node {
+fn (t Tree) enum_node[T](value T) &Node {
 	return t.string_node('enum:${int(value)}(${value})')
 }
 

cmd/tools/vdoc/vdoc.v

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ fn (vd VDoc) work_processor(mut work sync.Channel, mut wg sync.WaitGroup) {
 
 fn (vd VDoc) render_parallel(out Output) {
 	vjobs := runtime.nr_jobs()
-	mut work := sync.new_channel<ParallelDoc>(u32(vd.docs.len))
+	mut work := sync.new_channel[ParallelDoc](u32(vd.docs.len))
 	mut wg := sync.new_waitgroup()
 	for i in 0 .. vd.docs.len {
 		p_doc := ParallelDoc{vd.docs[i], out}

doc/docs.md

@@ -2719,10 +2719,10 @@ In general, V's references are similar to Go pointers and C++ references.
 For example, a generic tree structure definition would look like this:
 
 ```v
-struct Node<T> {
+struct Node[T] {
 	val   T
-	left  &Node<T>
-	right &Node<T>
+	left  &Node[T]
+	right &Node[T]
 }
 ```
 
@@ -3787,7 +3787,7 @@ receiver argument `r` uses a generic type `T`.
 
 Another example:
 ```v
-fn compare<T>(a T, b T) int {
+fn compare[T](a T, b T) int {
 	if a < b {
 		return -1
 	}
@@ -3797,15 +3797,15 @@ fn compare<T>(a T, b T) int {
 	return 0
 }
 
-// compare<int>
+// compare[int]
 println(compare(1, 0)) // Outputs: 1
 println(compare(1, 1)) //          0
 println(compare(1, 2)) //         -1
-// compare<string>
+// compare[string]
 println(compare('1', '0')) // Outputs: 1
 println(compare('1', '1')) //          0
 println(compare('1', '2')) //         -1
-// compare<f64>
+// compare[f64]
 println(compare(1.1, 1.0)) // Outputs: 1
 println(compare(1.1, 1.1)) //          0
 println(compare(1.1, 1.2)) //         -1

examples/binary_search_tree.v

@@ -2,38 +2,38 @@
 
 struct Empty {}
 
-struct Node<T> {
+struct Node[T] {
 	value T
-	left  Tree<T>
-	right Tree<T>
+	left  Tree[T]
+	right Tree[T]
 }
 
-type Tree<T> = Empty | Node<T>
+type Tree[T] = Empty | Node[T]
 
 // return size(number of nodes) of BST
-fn (tree Tree<T>) size<T>() int {
+fn (tree Tree[T]) size[T]() int {
 	return match tree {
 		Empty { 0 }
-		Node<T> { 1 + tree.left.size() + tree.right.size() }
+		Node[T] { 1 + tree.left.size() + tree.right.size() }
 	}
 }
 
 // insert a value to BST
-fn (tree Tree<T>) insert<T>(x T) Tree<T> {
+fn (tree Tree[T]) insert[T](x T) Tree[T] {
 	return match tree {
 		Empty {
-			Node<T>{x, tree, tree}
+			Node[T]{x, tree, tree}
 		}
-		Node<T> {
+		Node[T] {
 			if x == tree.value {
 				tree
 			} else if x < tree.value {
-				Node<T>{
+				Node[T]{
 					...tree
 					left: tree.left.insert(x)
 				}
 			} else {
-				Node<T>{
+				Node[T]{
 					...tree
 					right: tree.right.insert(x)
 				}
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ fn (tree Tree<T>) insert<T>(x T) Tree<T> {
 }
 
 // whether able to find a value in BST
-fn (tree Tree<T>) search<T>(x T) bool {
+fn (tree Tree[T]) search[T](x T) bool {
 	return match tree {
 		Empty {
 			false
 		}
-		Node<T> {
+		Node[T] {
 			if x == tree.value {
 				true
 			} else if x < tree.value {
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ fn (tree Tree<T>) search<T>(x T) bool {
 }
 
 // find the minimal value of a BST
-fn (tree Tree<T>) min<T>() T {
+fn (tree Tree[T]) min[T]() T {
 	return match tree {
 		Empty {
 			T(1e9)
 		}
-		Node<T> {
+		Node[T] {
 			if tree.value < tree.left.min() {
 				tree.value
 			} else {
@@ -77,25 +77,25 @@ fn (tree Tree<T>) min<T>() T {
 }
 
 // delete a value in BST (if nonexistant do nothing)
-fn (tree Tree<T>) delete<T>(x T) Tree<T> {
+fn (tree Tree[T]) delete[T](x T) Tree[T] {
 	return match tree {
 		Empty {
 			tree
 		}
-		Node<T> {
+		Node[T] {
 			if tree.left !is Empty && tree.right !is Empty {
 				if x < tree.value {
-					Node<T>{
+					Node[T]{
 						...tree
 						left: tree.left.delete(x)
 					}
 				} else if x > tree.value {
-					Node<T>{
+					Node[T]{
 						...tree
 						right: tree.right.delete(x)
 					}
 				} else {
-					Node<T>{
+					Node[T]{
 						...tree
 						value: tree.right.min()
 						right: tree.right.delete(tree.right.min())
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ fn (tree Tree<T>) delete<T>(x T) Tree<T> {
 				if x == tree.value {
 					tree.left
 				} else {
-					Node<T>{
+					Node[T]{
 						...tree
 						left: tree.left.delete(x)
 					}
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ fn (tree Tree<T>) delete<T>(x T) Tree<T> {
 				if x == tree.value {
 					tree.right
 				} else {
-					Node<T>{
+					Node[T]{
 						...tree
 						right: tree.right.delete(x)
 					}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ fn (tree Tree<T>) delete<T>(x T) Tree<T> {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	mut tree := Tree<f64>(Empty{})
+	mut tree := Tree[f64](Empty{})
 	vals := [0.2, 0.0, 0.5, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7]
 	for i in vals {
 		tree = tree.insert(i)

examples/bst_map.v

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ fn (a KeyVal) < (b KeyVal) bool {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	mut bst := datatypes.BSTree<KeyVal>{}
+	mut bst := datatypes.BSTree[KeyVal]{}
 	bst.insert(KeyVal{ key: 1, val: 12 })
 	println(bst.in_order_traversal())
 

examples/compiletime/reflection.v

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ struct User {
 
 fn main() {
 	data := 'name=Alice\nage=18'
-	user := decode<User>(data)
+	user := decode[User](data)
 	println(user)
 }
 
-fn decode<T>(data string) T {
+fn decode[T](data string) T {
 	mut result := T{}
 	// compile-time `for` loop
 	// T.fields gives an array of a field metadata type

examples/graphs/bellman-ford.v

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ mut:
 
 // building a map of with all edges etc of a graph, represented from a matrix adjacency
 // Input: matrix adjacency --> Output: edges list of src, dest and weight
-fn build_map_edges_from_graph<T>(g [][]T) map[T]EDGE {
+fn build_map_edges_from_graph[T](g [][]T) map[T]EDGE {
 	n := g.len // TOTAL OF NODES for this graph -- its dimmension
 	mut edges_map := map[int]EDGE{} // a graph represented by map of edges
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ fn print_sol(dist []int) {
 // The main function that finds shortest distances from src
 // to all other vertices using Bellman-Ford algorithm.  The
 // function also detects negative weight cycle
-fn bellman_ford<T>(graph [][]T, src int) {
+fn bellman_ford[T](graph [][]T, src int) {
 	mut edges := build_map_edges_from_graph(graph)
 	// this function was done to adapt a graph representation
 	// by a adjacency matrix, to list of adjacency (using a MAP)

examples/graphs/dijkstra.v

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ mut:
 
 // Function to push according to priority ... the lower priority is goes ahead
 // The "push" always sorted in pq
-fn push_pq<T>(mut prior_queue []T, data int, priority int) {
+fn push_pq[T](mut prior_queue []T, data int, priority int) {
 	mut temp := []T{}
 	lenght_pq := prior_queue.len
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ fn push_pq<T>(mut prior_queue []T, data int, priority int) {
 }
 
 // Change the priority of a value/node ... exist a value, change its priority
-fn updating_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T, search_data int, new_priority int) {
+fn updating_priority[T](mut prior_queue []T, search_data int, new_priority int) {
 	mut i := 0
 	mut lenght_pq := prior_queue.len
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fn updating_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T, search_data int, new_priority int)
 }
 
 // a single departure or remove from queue
-fn departure_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T) int {
+fn departure_priority[T](mut prior_queue []T) int {
 	mut x := prior_queue[0].data
 	prior_queue.delete(0) // or .delete_many(0, 1 )
 	return x
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ fn departure_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T) int {
 
 // give a NODE v, return a list with all adjacents
 // Take care, only positive EDGES
-fn all_adjacents<T>(g [][]T, v int) []int {
+fn all_adjacents[T](g [][]T, v int) []int {
 	mut temp := []int{}
 	for i in 0 .. (g.len) {
 		if g[v][i] > 0 {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ fn all_adjacents<T>(g [][]T, v int) []int {
 }
 
 // print the costs from origin up to all nodes
-fn print_solution<T>(dist []T) {
+fn print_solution[T](dist []T) {
 	print('Vertex \tDistance from Source')
 	for node in 0 .. (dist.len) {
 		print('\n ${node} ==> \t ${dist[node]}')
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ fn print_solution<T>(dist []T) {
 }
 
 // print all  paths and their cost or weight
-fn print_paths_dist<T>(path []T, dist []T) {
+fn print_paths_dist[T](path []T, dist []T) {
 	print('\n Read the nodes from right to left (a path): \n')
 
 	for node in 1 .. (path.len) {

examples/graphs/minimal_spann_tree_prim.v

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ mut:
 
 // Function to push according to priority ... the lower priority is goes ahead
 // The "push" always sorted in pq
-fn push_pq<T>(mut prior_queue []T, data int, priority int) {
+fn push_pq[T](mut prior_queue []T, data int, priority int) {
 	mut temp := []T{}
 	lenght_pq := prior_queue.len
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fn push_pq<T>(mut prior_queue []T, data int, priority int) {
 }
 
 // Change the priority of a value/node ... exist a value, change its priority
-fn updating_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T, search_data int, new_priority int) {
+fn updating_priority[T](mut prior_queue []T, search_data int, new_priority int) {
 	mut i := 0
 	mut lenght_pq := prior_queue.len
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn updating_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T, search_data int, new_priority int)
 }
 
 // a single departure or remove from queue
-fn departure_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T) int {
+fn departure_priority[T](mut prior_queue []T) int {
 	mut x := prior_queue[0].data
 	prior_queue.delete(0) // or .delete_many(0, 1 )
 	return x
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn departure_priority<T>(mut prior_queue []T) int {
 
 // give a NODE v, return a list with all adjacents
 // Take care, only positive EDGES
-fn all_adjacents<T>(g [][]T, v int) []int {
+fn all_adjacents[T](g [][]T, v int) []int {
 	mut temp := []int{}
 	for i in 0 .. (g.len) {
 		if g[v][i] > 0 {

examples/news_fetcher.v

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ struct Story {
 }
 
 fn worker_fetch(mut p pool.PoolProcessor, cursor int, worker_id int) voidptr {
-	id := p.get_item<int>(cursor)
+	id := p.get_item[int](cursor)
 	resp := http.get('https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/${id}.json') or {
 		println('failed to fetch data from /v0/item/${id}.json')
 		return pool.no_result

examples/quick_sort.v

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ fn main() {
 		arr << rand.intn(gen_max) or { 0 }
 	}
 	println('length of random array is ${arr.len}')
-	println('before quick sort whether array is sorted: ${is_sorted<int>(arr)}')
-	quick_sort<int>(mut arr, 0, arr.len - 1)
-	println('after quick sort whether array is sorted: ${is_sorted<int>(arr)}')
+	println('before quick sort whether array is sorted: ${is_sorted[int](arr)}')
+	quick_sort[int](mut arr, 0, arr.len - 1)
+	println('after quick sort whether array is sorted: ${is_sorted[int](arr)}')
 }
 
-fn quick_sort<T>(mut arr []T, l int, r int) {
+fn quick_sort[T](mut arr []T, l int, r int) {
 	if l >= r {
 		return
 	}
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ fn quick_sort<T>(mut arr []T, l int, r int) {
 		}
 	}
 	arr[l], arr[sep] = arr[sep], arr[l]
-	quick_sort<T>(mut arr, l, sep - 1)
-	quick_sort<T>(mut arr, sep + 1, r)
+	quick_sort[T](mut arr, l, sep - 1)
+	quick_sort[T](mut arr, sep + 1, r)
 }
 
-fn is_sorted<T>(arr []T) bool {
+fn is_sorted[T](arr []T) bool {
 	for i in 0 .. arr.len - 1 {
 		if arr[i] > arr[i + 1] {
 			return false

vlib/arrays/arrays.v

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module arrays
 
 // min returns the minimum value in the array
 // Example: arrays.min([1,2,3,0,9]) // => 0
-pub fn min<T>(array []T) !T {
+pub fn min[T](array []T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('.min called on an empty array')
 	}
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn min<T>(array []T) !T {
 
 // max returns the maximum value in the array
 // Example: arrays.max([1,2,3,0,9]) // => 9
-pub fn max<T>(array []T) !T {
+pub fn max[T](array []T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('.max called on an empty array')
 	}
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn max<T>(array []T) !T {
 
 // idx_min returns the index of the minimum value in the array
 // Example: arrays.idx_min([1,2,3,0,9]) // => 3
-pub fn idx_min<T>(array []T) !int {
+pub fn idx_min[T](array []T) !int {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('.idx_min called on an empty array')
 	}
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn idx_min<T>(array []T) !int {
 
 // idx_max returns the index of the maximum value in the array
 // Example: arrays.idx_max([1,2,3,0,9]) // => 4
-pub fn idx_max<T>(array []T) !int {
+pub fn idx_max[T](array []T) !int {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('.idx_max called on an empty array')
 	}
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub fn idx_max<T>(array []T) !int {
 // merge two sorted arrays (ascending) and maintain sorted order
 // Example: arrays.merge([1,3,5,7], [2,4,6,8]) // => [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
 [direct_array_access]
-pub fn merge<T>(a []T, b []T) []T {
+pub fn merge[T](a []T, b []T) []T {
 	mut m := []T{len: a.len + b.len}
 	mut ia := 0
 	mut ib := 0
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn merge<T>(a []T, b []T) []T {
 //
 // NOTE: An error will be generated if the type annotation is omitted.
 // Example: arrays.group<int>([1,2,3],[4,5,6]) // => [[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]
-pub fn group<T>(arrays ...[]T) [][]T {
+pub fn group[T](arrays ...[]T) [][]T {
 	mut length := if arrays.len > 0 { arrays[0].len } else { 0 }
 	// calculate length of output by finding shortest input array
 	for ndx in 1 .. arrays.len {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn group<T>(arrays ...[]T) [][]T {
 
 // chunk array into a single array of arrays where each element is the next `size` elements of the original
 // Example: arrays.chunk([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], 2)) // => [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], [9]]
-pub fn chunk<T>(array []T, size int) [][]T {
+pub fn chunk[T](array []T, size int) [][]T {
 	// allocate chunk array
 	mut chunks := [][]T{cap: array.len / size + if array.len % size == 0 { 0 } else { 1 }}
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ pub struct WindowAttribute {
 //
 // Example: arrays.window([1, 2, 3, 4], size: 2) // => [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4]]
 // Example: arrays.window([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], size: 3, step: 2) // => [[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5], [5, 6, 7], [7, 8, 9]]
-pub fn window<T>(array []T, attr WindowAttribute) [][]T {
+pub fn window[T](array []T, attr WindowAttribute) [][]T {
 	// allocate snapshot array
 	mut windows := [][]T{cap: array.len - attr.size + 1}
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pub fn window<T>(array []T, attr WindowAttribute) [][]T {
 // which means you can only pass array of numbers for now.
 // TODO: Fix generic operator overloading detection issue.
 // Example: arrays.sum<int>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])? // => 15
-pub fn sum<T>(array []T) !T {
+pub fn sum[T](array []T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('Cannot sum up array of nothing.')
 	} else {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ pub fn sum<T>(array []T) !T {
 // returns an error if the array is empty.
 // See also: [fold](#fold).
 // Example: arrays.reduce([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], fn (t1 int, t2 int) int { return t1 * t2 })! // => 120
-pub fn reduce<T>(array []T, reduce_op fn (acc T, elem T) T) !T {
+pub fn reduce[T](array []T, reduce_op fn (acc T, elem T) T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('Cannot reduce array of nothing.')
 	} else {
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ pub fn reduce<T>(array []T, reduce_op fn (acc T, elem T) T) !T {
 // returns the accumulated value in `acc`.
 // returns an error if the array is empty.
 // See also: [fold_indexed](#fold_indexed).
-pub fn reduce_indexed<T>(array []T, reduce_op fn (idx int, acc T, elem T) T) !T {
+pub fn reduce_indexed[T](array []T, reduce_op fn (idx int, acc T, elem T) T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('Cannot reduce array of nothing.')
 	} else {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ pub fn reduce_indexed<T>(array []T, reduce_op fn (idx int, acc T, elem T) T) !T
 
 // filter_indexed filters elements based on `predicate` function
 // being invoked on each element with its index in the original array.
-pub fn filter_indexed<T>(array []T, predicate fn (idx int, elem T) bool) []T {
+pub fn filter_indexed[T](array []T, predicate fn (idx int, elem T) bool) []T {
 	mut result := []T{cap: array.len}
 
 	for i, e in array {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ pub fn filter_indexed<T>(array []T, predicate fn (idx int, elem T) bool) []T {
 // 	fn (r int, t string) int { return r + t.len })
 // assert r == 5
 // ```
-pub fn fold<T, R>(array []T, init R, fold_op fn (acc R, elem T) R) R {
+pub fn fold[T, R](array []T, init R, fold_op fn (acc R, elem T) R) R {
 	mut value := init
 
 	for e in array {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ pub fn fold<T, R>(array []T, init R, fold_op fn (acc R, elem T) R) R {
 
 // fold_indexed sets `acc = init`, then successively calls `acc = fold_op(idx, acc, elem)` for each element in `array`.
 // returns `acc`.
-pub fn fold_indexed<T, R>(array []T, init R, fold_op fn (idx int, acc R, elem T) R) R {
+pub fn fold_indexed[T, R](array []T, init R, fold_op fn (idx int, acc R, elem T) R) R {
 	mut value := init
 
 	for i, e in array {
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ pub fn fold_indexed<T, R>(array []T, init R, fold_op fn (idx int, acc R, elem T)
 
 // flatten flattens n + 1 dimensional array into n dimensional array
 // Example: arrays.flatten<int>([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-pub fn flatten<T>(array [][]T) []T {
+pub fn flatten[T](array [][]T) []T {
 	// calculate required capacity
 	mut required_size := 0
 
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ pub fn flatten<T>(array [][]T) []T {
 
 // flat_map creates a new array populated with the flattened result of calling transform function
 // being invoked on each element of `list`.
-pub fn flat_map<T, R>(array []T, transform fn (elem T) []R) []R {
+pub fn flat_map[T, R](array []T, transform fn (elem T) []R) []R {
 	mut result := [][]R{cap: array.len}
 
 	for v in array {
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ pub fn flat_map<T, R>(array []T, transform fn (elem T) []R) []R {
 
 // flat_map_indexed creates a new array populated with the flattened result of calling the `transform` function
 // being invoked on each element with its index in the original array.
-pub fn flat_map_indexed<T, R>(array []T, transform fn (idx int, elem T) []R) []R {
+pub fn flat_map_indexed[T, R](array []T, transform fn (idx int, elem T) []R) []R {
 	mut result := [][]R{cap: array.len}
 
 	for i, v in array {
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ pub fn flat_map_indexed<T, R>(array []T, transform fn (idx int, elem T) []R) []R
 
 // map_indexed creates a new array populated with the result of calling the `transform` function
 // being invoked on each element with its index in the original array.
-pub fn map_indexed<T, R>(array []T, transform fn (idx int, elem T) R) []R {
+pub fn map_indexed[T, R](array []T, transform fn (idx int, elem T) R) []R {
 	mut result := []R{cap: array.len}
 
 	for i, v in array {
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ pub fn map_indexed<T, R>(array []T, transform fn (idx int, elem T) R) []R {
 
 // group_by groups together elements, for which the `grouping_op` callback produced the same result.
 // Example: arrays.group_by<int, string>(['H', 'el', 'lo'], fn (v string) int { return v.len }) // => {1: ['H'], 2: ['el', 'lo']}
-pub fn group_by<K, V>(array []V, grouping_op fn (val V) K) map[K][]V {
+pub fn group_by[K, V](array []V, grouping_op fn (val V) K) map[K][]V {
 	mut result := map[K][]V{}
 
 	for v in array {
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ pub fn group_by<K, V>(array []V, grouping_op fn (val V) K) map[K][]V {
 // Example: arrays.concat([1, 2, 3], 4, 5, 6) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] // => true
 // Example: arrays.concat([1, 2, 3], ...[4, 5, 6]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] // => true
 // Example: arr << [4, 5, 6] // does what you need if arr is mutable
-pub fn concat<T>(a []T, b ...T) []T {
+pub fn concat[T](a []T, b ...T) []T {
 	mut m := []T{cap: a.len + b.len}
 
 	m << a
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ pub fn concat<T>(a []T, b ...T) []T {
 
 // returns the smallest element >= val, requires `array` to be sorted
 // Example: arrays.lower_bound([2, 4, 6, 8], 3)? // => 4
-pub fn lower_bound<T>(array []T, val T) !T {
+pub fn lower_bound[T](array []T, val T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('.lower_bound called on an empty array')
 	}
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ pub fn lower_bound<T>(array []T, val T) !T {
 
 // returns the largest element <= val, requires `array` to be sorted
 // Example: arrays.upper_bound([2, 4, 6, 8], 3)! // => 2
-pub fn upper_bound<T>(array []T, val T) !T {
+pub fn upper_bound[T](array []T, val T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('.upper_bound called on an empty array')
 	}
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ pub fn upper_bound<T>(array []T, val T) !T {
 // Binary searches on sorted lists can be faster than other array searches because at maximum
 // the algorithm only has to traverse log N elements
 // Example: arrays.binary_search([1, 2, 3, 4], 4)? // => 3
-pub fn binary_search<T>(array []T, target T) !int {
+pub fn binary_search[T](array []T, target T) !int {
 	mut left := 0
 	mut right := array.len - 1
 	for ; left <= right; {
@@ -480,12 +480,12 @@ pub fn binary_search<T>(array []T, target T) !int {
 // arrays.rotate_left(mut x, 2)
 // println(x) // [3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2]
 // ```
-pub fn rotate_left<T>(mut array []T, mid int) {
+pub fn rotate_left[T](mut array []T, mid int) {
 	assert mid <= array.len && mid >= 0
 	k := array.len - mid
 	p := &T(array.data)
 	unsafe {
-		ptr_rotate<T>(mid, &T(usize(voidptr(p)) + usize(sizeof(T)) * usize(mid)), k)
+		ptr_rotate[T](mid, &T(usize(voidptr(p)) + usize(sizeof(T)) * usize(mid)), k)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -498,27 +498,27 @@ pub fn rotate_left<T>(mut array []T, mid int) {
 // arrays.rotate_right(mut x, 2)
 // println(x) // [5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4]
 // ```
-pub fn rotate_right<T>(mut array []T, k int) {
+pub fn rotate_right[T](mut array []T, k int) {
 	assert k <= array.len && k >= 0
 	mid := array.len - k
 	p := &T(array.data)
 	unsafe {
-		ptr_rotate<T>(mid, &T(usize(voidptr(p)) + usize(sizeof(T)) * usize(mid)), k)
+		ptr_rotate[T](mid, &T(usize(voidptr(p)) + usize(sizeof(T)) * usize(mid)), k)
 	}
 }
 
 [unsafe]
-fn ptr_rotate<T>(left_ int, mid &T, right_ int) {
+fn ptr_rotate[T](left_ int, mid &T, right_ int) {
 	mut left := usize(left_)
 	mut right := usize(right_)
 	for {
 		delta := if left < right { left } else { right }
 
-		if delta <= raw_array_cap<T>() {
+		if delta <= raw_array_cap[T]() {
 			break
 		}
 		unsafe {
-			swap_nonoverlapping<T>(&T(usize(voidptr(mid)) - left * usize(sizeof(T))),
+			swap_nonoverlapping[T](&T(usize(voidptr(mid)) - left * usize(sizeof(T))),
 				&T(usize(voidptr(mid)) + usize(right - delta) * usize(sizeof(T))), int(delta))
 		}
 		if left <= right {
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ fn ptr_rotate<T>(left_ int, mid &T, right_ int) {
 
 	unsafe {
 		sz := usize(sizeof(T))
-		rawarray := C.malloc(raw_array_malloc_size<T>())
+		rawarray := C.malloc(raw_array_malloc_size[T]())
 		dim := &T(usize(voidptr(mid)) - left * sz + right * sz)
 		if left <= right {
 			C.memcpy(rawarray, voidptr(usize(voidptr(mid)) - left * sz), left * sz)
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ const (
 	extra_size = 32 * sizeof(usize)
 )
 
-fn raw_array_cap<T>() usize {
+fn raw_array_cap[T]() usize {
 	if sizeof(T) > arrays.extra_size {
 		return 1
 	} else {
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ fn raw_array_cap<T>() usize {
 	}
 }
 
-fn raw_array_malloc_size<T>() usize {
+fn raw_array_malloc_size[T]() usize {
 	if sizeof(T) > arrays.extra_size {
 		return usize(sizeof(T)) * 2
 	} else {
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ fn memswap(x voidptr, y voidptr, len usize) {
 }
 
 [unsafe]
-fn swap_nonoverlapping<T>(x_ &T, y_ &T, count int) {
+fn swap_nonoverlapping[T](x_ &T, y_ &T, count int) {
 	x := voidptr(x_)
 	y := voidptr(y_)
 
@@ -627,12 +627,12 @@ fn swap_nonoverlapping<T>(x_ &T, y_ &T, count int) {
 // copy copies the `src` array elements to the `dst` array.
 // The number of the elements copied is the minimum of the length of both arrays.
 // Returns the number of elements copied.
-pub fn copy<T>(mut dst []T, src []T) int {
+pub fn copy[T](mut dst []T, src []T) int {
 	min := if dst.len < src.len { dst.len } else { src.len }
 	if min <= 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
-	if can_copy_bits<T>() {
+	if can_copy_bits[T]() {
 		blen := min * int(sizeof(T))
 		unsafe { vmemmove(&T(dst.data), src.data, blen) }
 	} else {
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ pub fn copy<T>(mut dst []T, src []T) int {
 // determines if T can be copied using `memcpy`
 // false if autofree needs to intervene
 // false if type is not copyable e.g. map
-fn can_copy_bits<T>() bool {
+fn can_copy_bits[T]() bool {
 	// references, C pointers, integers, floats, runes
 	if T.name[0] in [`&`, `b`, `c`, `f`, `i`, `r`, `u`, `v`] {
 		return true
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ fn can_copy_bits<T>() bool {
 // carray_to_varray copies a C byte array into a V array of type `T`.
 // See also: `cstring_to_vstring`
 [unsafe]
-pub fn carray_to_varray<T>(c_array voidptr, c_array_len int) []T {
+pub fn carray_to_varray[T](c_array voidptr, c_array_len int) []T {
 	mut v_array := []T{len: c_array_len}
 	unsafe { vmemcpy(v_array.data, c_array, c_array_len * int(sizeof(T))) }
 	return v_array

vlib/arrays/arrays_test.v

@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ fn test_merge() {
 	b := [2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8]
 	c := []int{}
 	d := []int{}
-	assert merge<int>(a, b) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8]
-	assert merge<int>(c, d) == []
-	assert merge<int>(a, c) == a
-	assert merge<int>(d, b) == b
+	assert merge[int](a, b) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8]
+	assert merge[int](c, d) == []
+	assert merge[int](a, c) == a
+	assert merge[int](d, b) == b
 }
 
 fn test_fixed_array_assignment() {
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ fn test_fixed_array_assignment() {
 
 fn test_array_flat_map() {
 	a := ['Hello V', 'Hello World', 'V Lang']
-	assert flat_map<string, string>(a, fn (e string) []string {
+	assert flat_map[string, string](a, fn (e string) []string {
 		return e.split(' ')
 	}) == ['Hello', 'V', 'Hello', 'World', 'V', 'Lang']
 }
 
 fn test_array_flat_map_indexed() {
 	a := ['AB', 'CD', 'EF']
-	assert flat_map_indexed<string, string>(a, fn (i int, e string) []string {
+	assert flat_map_indexed[string, string](a, fn (i int, e string) []string {
 		mut arr := [i.str()]
 		arr << e.split('')
 		return arr
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fn test_array_flat_map_indexed() {
 
 fn test_map_indexed() {
 	a := [1, 2, 3]
-	assert map_indexed<int, int>(a, fn (i int, e int) int {
+	assert map_indexed[int, int](a, fn (i int, e int) int {
 		return i + e * e
 	}) == [1, 5, 11]
 }
@@ -119,59 +119,59 @@ fn test_group() {
 	x := [4, 5, 6]
 	y := [2, 1, 3]
 
-	z := group<int>(x, y)
+	z := group[int](x, y)
 	assert z == [[4, 2], [5, 1], [6, 3]]
 	x2 := [8, 9]
-	z2 := group<int>(x2, y)
+	z2 := group[int](x2, y)
 	assert z2 == [[8, 2], [9, 1]]
-	assert group<int>(x, []int{}) == [][]int{}
+	assert group[int](x, []int{}) == [][]int{}
 }
 
 fn test_chunk() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 	y := ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
 
-	z1 := chunk<int>(x, 2)
+	z1 := chunk[int](x, 2)
 	assert z1 == [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]
-	z2 := chunk<string>(y, 3)
+	z2 := chunk[string](y, 3)
 	assert z2 == [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d', 'e', 'f']]
-	assert chunk<int>([]int{}, 2) == [][]int{}
+	assert chunk[int]([]int{}, 2) == [][]int{}
 }
 
 fn test_window() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
-	assert window<int>(x, size: 3) == [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5],
+	assert window[int](x, size: 3) == [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5],
 		[4, 5, 6]]
-	assert window<int>(x, size: 3, step: 2) == [[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5]]
-	assert window<int>([]int{}, size: 2) == [][]int{}
+	assert window[int](x, size: 3, step: 2) == [[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5]]
+	assert window[int]([]int{}, size: 2) == [][]int{}
 }
 
 fn test_sum() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 
-	assert sum<int>(x) or { 0 } == 15
-	assert sum<f64>([1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.0]) or { 0 } == 11.0
-	assert sum<int>([]int{}) or { 0 } == 0
+	assert sum[int](x) or { 0 } == 15
+	assert sum[f64]([1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.0]) or { 0 } == 11.0
+	assert sum[int]([]int{}) or { 0 } == 0
 }
 
 fn test_reduce() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 
-	assert reduce<int>(x, fn (t1 int, t2 int) int {
+	assert reduce[int](x, fn (t1 int, t2 int) int {
 		return t1 + t2
 	}) or { 0 } == 15
-	assert reduce<string>(['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'], fn (t1 string, t2 string) string {
+	assert reduce[string](['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'], fn (t1 string, t2 string) string {
 		return t1 + t2
 	}) or { '' } == 'Hello' // For the sake please use array's join instead.
-	assert reduce<int>([]int{}, fn (t1 int, t2 int) int {
+	assert reduce[int]([]int{}, fn (t1 int, t2 int) int {
 		return 0
 	}) or { -1 } == -1
 }
 
 fn test_reduce_indexed() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-	assert reduce_indexed<int>(x, fn (idx int, t1 int, t2 int) int {
+	assert reduce_indexed[int](x, fn (idx int, t1 int, t2 int) int {
 		return idx + t1 + t2
 	}) or { 0 } == 25
 }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn test_reduce_indexed() {
 fn test_filter_indexed() {
 	x := [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 
-	assert filter_indexed<int>(x, fn (idx int, e int) bool {
+	assert filter_indexed[int](x, fn (idx int, e int) bool {
 		return idx % 2 == 0
 	}) == [0, 2, 4]
 }
@@ -187,13 +187,13 @@ fn test_filter_indexed() {
 fn test_fold() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 
-	assert fold<int, int>(x, 5, fn (r int, t int) int {
+	assert fold[int, int](x, 5, fn (r int, t int) int {
 		return r + t
 	}) == 20
-	assert fold<string, int>(['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'l'], 0, fn (r int, t string) int {
+	assert fold[string, int](['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'l'], 0, fn (r int, t string) int {
 		return r + t[0]
 	}) == 497
-	assert fold<int, int>([]int{}, -1, fn (t1 int, t2 int) int {
+	assert fold[int, int]([]int{}, -1, fn (t1 int, t2 int) int {
 		return 0
 	}) == -1
 }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ fn test_fold() {
 fn test_fold_indexed() {
 	x := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 
-	assert fold_indexed<int, int>(x, 5, fn (idx int, r int, t int) int {
+	assert fold_indexed[int, int](x, 5, fn (idx int, r int, t int) int {
 		return idx + r + t
 	}) == 30
 }
@@ -209,20 +209,20 @@ fn test_fold_indexed() {
 fn test_flatten() {
 	x := [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
 
-	assert flatten<int>(x) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
-	assert flatten<int>([[]int{}]) == []
+	assert flatten[int](x) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+	assert flatten[int]([[]int{}]) == []
 }
 
 fn test_group_by() {
 	x := ['H', 'el', 'l', 'o ']
 
-	assert group_by<int, string>(x, fn (v string) int {
+	assert group_by[int, string](x, fn (v string) int {
 		return v.len
 	}) == {
 		1: ['H', 'l']
 		2: ['el', 'o ']
 	}
-	assert group_by<int, int>([]int{}, fn (v int) int {
+	assert group_by[int, int]([]int{}, fn (v int) int {
 		return 0
 	}) == map[int][]int{}
 }
@@ -329,15 +329,15 @@ fn test_copy() {
 }
 
 fn test_can_copy_bits() {
-	assert can_copy_bits<u8>()
-	assert can_copy_bits<int>()
-	assert can_copy_bits<voidptr>()
-	assert can_copy_bits<&u8>()
+	assert can_copy_bits[u8]()
+	assert can_copy_bits[int]()
+	assert can_copy_bits[voidptr]()
+	assert can_copy_bits[&u8]()
 	// autofree needs to intercept assign
-	assert !can_copy_bits<string>()
-	assert !can_copy_bits<[]int>()
+	assert !can_copy_bits[string]()
+	assert !can_copy_bits[[]int]()
 	// map not copyable
-	assert !can_copy_bits<map[string]int>()
+	assert !can_copy_bits[map[string]int]()
 }
 
 type Str = string

vlib/bitfield/bitfield.v

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ pub fn (instance BitField) extract(start int, len int) u64 {
 // insert sets bit numbers from 'start' to 'len' length with
 // the value converted from the number 'value'.
 // 0000 (1, 2, 0b10) => 0100
-pub fn (mut instance BitField) insert<T>(start int, len int, _value T) {
+pub fn (mut instance BitField) insert[T](start int, len int, _value T) {
 	// panic?
 	if start < 0 {
 		return
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ pub fn (instance BitField) extract_lowest_bits_first(start int, len int) u64 {
 // insert sets bit numbers from 'start' to 'len' length with
 // the value converted from the number 'value'.
 // 0000 (1, 2, 0b10) => 0010
-pub fn (mut instance BitField) insert_lowest_bits_first<T>(start int, len int, _value T) {
+pub fn (mut instance BitField) insert_lowest_bits_first[T](start int, len int, _value T) {
 	// panic?
 	if start < 0 {
 		return

vlib/builtin/array_test.v

@@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@ fn test_clone_of_same_elem_size_array() {
 	assert arr2 == [Abc{1, 2, 3}, Abc{2, 3, 4}]
 }
 
-pub fn example<T>(mut arr []T) []T {
+pub fn example[T](mut arr []T) []T {
 	return arr.clone()
 }
 

vlib/builtin/js/array_test.js.v

@@ -1482,7 +1482,7 @@ fn test_clone_of_same_elem_size_array() {
 	assert arr2 == [Abc{1, 2, 3}, Abc{2, 3, 4}]
 }
 
-pub fn example<T>(mut arr []T) []T {
+pub fn example[T](mut arr []T) []T {
 	return arr.clone()
 }
 

vlib/builtin/js/promise.js.v

@@ -14,46 +14,46 @@ pub fn JS.Promise.race(JS.Array) JS.Promise
 
 // The Promise object represents the eventual completion (or failure)
 // of an asynchronous operation and its resulting value.
-pub struct Promise<T> {
+pub struct Promise[T] {
 mut:
 	promise JS.Promise [noinit]
 }
 
-pub fn promise_new<T>(executor fn (resolve fn (T), reject fn (JS.Any))) Promise<T> {
+pub fn promise_new[T](executor fn (resolve fn (T), reject fn (JS.Any))) Promise[T] {
 	promise := JS.Promise.prototype.constructor(executor)
-	return Promise<T>{promise}
+	return Promise[T]{promise}
 }
 
-pub fn (p Promise<T>) then(on_fullfilled fn (T), on_rejected fn (JS.Any)) {
+pub fn (p Promise[T]) then(on_fullfilled fn (T), on_rejected fn (JS.Any)) {
 	p.promise.then(on_fullfilled, on_rejected)
 }
 
 // catch method returns a Promise and deals with rejected cases only.
-pub fn (p Promise<T>) catch(callback fn (error JS.Any)) Promise<T> {
+pub fn (p Promise[T]) catch(callback fn (error JS.Any)) Promise[T] {
 	promise := p.promise.catch(callback)
-	return Promise<T>{promise}
+	return Promise[T]{promise}
 }
 
-pub fn (p Promise<T>) finally<U>(callback fn ()) Promise<JS.Any> {
+pub fn (p Promise[T]) finally[U](callback fn ()) Promise[JS.Any] {
 	promise := p.promise.finally(callback)
-	return Promise<JS.Any>{promise}
+	return Promise[JS.Any]{promise}
 }
 
 // reject<E> returns promise which was rejected because of specified error
-pub fn promise_reject(error JS.Any) Promise<JS.Any> {
+pub fn promise_reject(error JS.Any) Promise[JS.Any] {
 	promise := JS.Promise.reject(error)
-	return Promise<JS.Any>{promise}
+	return Promise[JS.Any]{promise}
 }
 
 // resolve<E> returns promise which was resolved with specified value
-pub fn promise_resolve<T>(result T) Promise<T> {
+pub fn promise_resolve[T](result T) Promise[T] {
 	promise := JS.Promise.resolve(result)
-	return Promise<T>{promise}
+	return Promise[T]{promise}
 }
 
 // race returns returns a promise that fulfills or rejects as soon as one of
 //  the promises in an iterable fulfills or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
-pub fn promise_race<T>(promises []Promise<T>) Promise<T> {
+pub fn promise_race[T](promises []Promise[T]) Promise[T] {
 	promises_ := JS.Array.prototype.constructor()
 
 	for elem in promises {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn promise_race<T>(promises []Promise<T>) Promise<T> {
 	}
 
 	promise := JS.Promise.race(promises_)
-	return Promise<T>{promise}
+	return Promise[T]{promise}
 }
 
 pub fn JS.Promise.all(JS.Array) JS.Promise

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/ed25519_test.v

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ fn works_check_on_sign_input_string(item string) bool {
 }
 
 fn worker_for_string_content(mut p pool.PoolProcessor, idx int, worker_id int) &SignResult {
-	item := p.get_item<string>(idx)
+	item := p.get_item[string](idx)
 	// println('worker_s worker_id: $worker_id | idx: $idx ')
 	res := works_check_on_sign_input_string(item)
 	mut sr := &SignResult{
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ fn test_input_from_djb_ed25519_crypto_sign_input_with_syncpool() {
 		callback: worker_for_string_content
 		maxjobs: 4
 	)
-	pool_s.work_on_items<string>(contents)
-	for i, x in pool_s.get_results<SignResult>() {
+	pool_s.work_on_items[string](contents)
+	for i, x in pool_s.get_results[SignResult]() {
 		// println("i: $i = $x.result")
 		assert x.result == true
 	}

vlib/datatypes/README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ your actual elements. For example:
 ```v
 import datatypes
 
-mut stack := datatypes.Stack<int>{}
+mut stack := datatypes.Stack[int]{}
 stack.push(1)
 println(stack)
 ```

vlib/datatypes/bstree.v

@@ -2,36 +2,36 @@ module datatypes
 
 /// Internal rapresentation of the tree node
 [heap]
-struct BSTreeNode<T> {
+struct BSTreeNode[T] {
 mut:
 	// Mark a node as initialized
 	is_init bool
 	// Value of the node
 	value T
 	// The parent of the node
-	parent &BSTreeNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	parent &BSTreeNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 	// The left side with value less than the
 	// value of this node
-	left &BSTreeNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	left &BSTreeNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 	// The right side with value grater than the
 	// value of thiss node
-	right &BSTreeNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	right &BSTreeNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // Create new root bst node
-fn new_root_node<T>(value T) &BSTreeNode<T> {
-	return &BSTreeNode<T>{
+fn new_root_node[T](value T) &BSTreeNode[T] {
+	return &BSTreeNode[T]{
 		is_init: true
 		value: value
-		parent: new_none_node<T>(true)
-		left: new_none_node<T>(false)
-		right: new_none_node<T>(false)
+		parent: new_none_node[T](true)
+		left: new_none_node[T](false)
+		right: new_none_node[T](false)
 	}
 }
 
 // new_node creates a new bst node with a parent reference.
-fn new_node<T>(parent &BSTreeNode<T>, value T) &BSTreeNode<T> {
-	return &BSTreeNode<T>{
+fn new_node[T](parent &BSTreeNode[T], value T) &BSTreeNode[T] {
+	return &BSTreeNode[T]{
 		is_init: true
 		value: value
 		parent: parent
@@ -39,19 +39,19 @@ fn new_node<T>(parent &BSTreeNode<T>, value T) &BSTreeNode<T> {
 }
 
 // new_none_node creates a dummy node.
-fn new_none_node<T>(init bool) &BSTreeNode<T> {
-	return &BSTreeNode<T>{
+fn new_none_node[T](init bool) &BSTreeNode[T] {
+	return &BSTreeNode[T]{
 		is_init: init
 	}
 }
 
 // bind to an actual instance of a node.
-fn (mut node BSTreeNode<T>) bind(mut to_bind BSTreeNode<T>, left bool) {
+fn (mut node BSTreeNode[T]) bind(mut to_bind BSTreeNode[T], left bool) {
 	node.left = to_bind.left
 	node.right = to_bind.right
 	node.value = to_bind.value
 	node.is_init = to_bind.is_init
-	to_bind = new_none_node<T>(false)
+	to_bind = new_none_node[T](false)
 }
 
 // Pure Binary Seach Tree implementation
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ fn (mut node BSTreeNode<T>) bind(mut to_bind BSTreeNode<T>, left bool) {
 // Pure V implementation of the Binary Search Tree
 // Time complexity of main operation O(log N)
 // Space complexity O(N)
-pub struct BSTree<T> {
+pub struct BSTree[T] {
 mut:
-	root &BSTreeNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	root &BSTreeNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // insert give the possibility to insert an element in the BST.
-pub fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) insert(value T) bool {
+pub fn (mut bst BSTree[T]) insert(value T) bool {
 	if bst.is_empty() {
 		bst.root = new_root_node(value)
 		return true
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) insert(value T) bool {
 }
 
 // insert_helper walks the tree and inserts the given node.
-fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) insert_helper(mut node BSTreeNode<T>, value T) bool {
+fn (mut bst BSTree[T]) insert_helper(mut node BSTreeNode[T], value T) bool {
 	if node.value < value {
 		if unsafe { node.right != 0 } && node.right.is_init {
 			return bst.insert_helper(mut node.right, value)
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) insert_helper(mut node BSTreeNode<T>, value T) bool {
 }
 
 // contains checks if an element with a given `value` is inside the BST.
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) contains(value T) bool {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) contains(value T) bool {
 	return bst.contains_helper(bst.root, value)
 }
 
 // contains_helper is a helper function to walk the tree, and return
 // the absence or presence of the `value`.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) contains_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, value T) bool {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) contains_helper(node &BSTreeNode[T], value T) bool {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } || !node.is_init {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) contains_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, value T) bool {
 }
 
 // remove removes an element with `value` from the BST.
-pub fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) remove(value T) bool {
+pub fn (mut bst BSTree[T]) remove(value T) bool {
 	if bst.is_empty() {
 		return false
 	}
 	return bst.remove_helper(mut bst.root, value, false)
 }
 
-fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) remove_helper(mut node BSTreeNode<T>, value T, left bool) bool {
+fn (mut bst BSTree[T]) remove_helper(mut node BSTreeNode[T], value T, left bool) bool {
 	if !node.is_init {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) remove_helper(mut node BSTreeNode<T>, value T, left bool)
 		} else {
 			mut parent := node.parent
 			if left {
-				parent.left = new_none_node<T>(false)
+				parent.left = new_none_node[T](false)
 			} else {
-				parent.right = new_none_node<T>(false)
+				parent.right = new_none_node[T](false)
 			}
-			node = new_none_node<T>(false)
+			node = new_none_node[T](false)
 		}
 		return true
 	}
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ fn (mut bst BSTree<T>) remove_helper(mut node BSTreeNode<T>, value T, left bool)
 }
 
 // get_max_from_right returns the max element of the BST following the right branch.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) get_max_from_right(node &BSTreeNode<T>) &BSTreeNode<T> {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) get_max_from_right(node &BSTreeNode[T]) &BSTreeNode[T] {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } {
-		return new_none_node<T>(false)
+		return new_none_node[T](false)
 	}
 	right_node := node.right
 	if unsafe { right_node == 0 } || !right_node.is_init {
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) get_max_from_right(node &BSTreeNode<T>) &BSTreeNode<T> {
 }
 
 // get_min_from_left returns the min element of the BST by following the left branch.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) get_min_from_left(node &BSTreeNode<T>) &BSTreeNode<T> {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) get_min_from_left(node &BSTreeNode[T]) &BSTreeNode[T] {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } {
-		return new_none_node<T>(false)
+		return new_none_node[T](false)
 	}
 	left_node := node.left
 	if unsafe { left_node == 0 } || !left_node.is_init {
@@ -176,19 +176,19 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) get_min_from_left(node &BSTreeNode<T>) &BSTreeNode<T> {
 }
 
 // is_empty checks if the BST is empty
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return unsafe { bst.root == 0 }
 }
 
 // in_order_traversal traverses the BST in order, and returns the result as an array.
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) in_order_traversal() []T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) in_order_traversal() []T {
 	mut result := []T{}
 	bst.in_order_traversal_helper(bst.root, mut result)
 	return result
 }
 
 // in_order_traversal_helper helps traverse the BST, and accumulates the result in the `result` array.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) in_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, mut result []T) {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) in_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode[T], mut result []T) {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } || !node.is_init {
 		return
 	}
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) in_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, mut result []
 }
 
 // post_order_traversal traverses the BST in post order, and returns the result in an array.
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) post_order_traversal() []T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) post_order_traversal() []T {
 	mut result := []T{}
 	bst.post_order_traversal_helper(bst.root, mut result)
 	return result
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) post_order_traversal() []T {
 
 // post_order_traversal_helper is a helper function that traverses the BST in post order,
 // accumulating the result in an array.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) post_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, mut result []T) {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) post_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode[T], mut result []T) {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } || !node.is_init {
 		return
 	}
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) post_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, mut result
 }
 
 // pre_order_traversal traverses the BST in pre order, and returns the result as an array.
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) pre_order_traversal() []T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) pre_order_traversal() []T {
 	mut result := []T{}
 	bst.pre_order_traversal_helper(bst.root, mut result)
 	return result
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) pre_order_traversal() []T {
 
 // pre_order_traversal_helper is a helper function to traverse the BST
 // in pre order and accumulates the results in an array.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) pre_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, mut result []T) {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) pre_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode[T], mut result []T) {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } || !node.is_init {
 		return
 	}
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) pre_order_traversal_helper(node &BSTreeNode<T>, mut result [
 }
 
 // get_node is a helper method to ge the internal rapresentation of the node with the `value`.
-fn (bst &BSTree<T>) get_node(node &BSTreeNode<T>, value T) &BSTreeNode<T> {
+fn (bst &BSTree[T]) get_node(node &BSTreeNode[T], value T) &BSTreeNode[T] {
 	if unsafe { node == 0 } || !node.is_init {
-		return new_none_node<T>(false)
+		return new_none_node[T](false)
 	}
 	if node.value == value {
 		return node
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ fn (bst &BSTree<T>) get_node(node &BSTreeNode<T>, value T) &BSTreeNode<T> {
 //```v
 // left_value, exist := bst.to_left(10)
 //```
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) to_left(value T) ?T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) to_left(value T) ?T {
 	if bst.is_empty() {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) to_left(value T) ?T {
 //```v
 // left_value, exist := bst.to_right(10)
 //```
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) to_right(value T) ?T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) to_right(value T) ?T {
 	if bst.is_empty() {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) to_right(value T) ?T {
 
 // max return the max element inside the BST.
 // Time complexity O(N) if the BST is not balanced
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) max() ?T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) max() ?T {
 	if bst.is_empty() {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) max() ?T {
 
 // min return the minimum element in the BST.
 // Time complexity O(N) if the BST is not balanced.
-pub fn (bst &BSTree<T>) min() ?T {
+pub fn (bst &BSTree[T]) min() ?T {
 	if bst.is_empty() {
 		return none
 	}

vlib/datatypes/bstree_test.v

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module datatypes
 // Make an insert of one element and check if
 // the bst is able to fin it.
 fn test_insert_into_bst_one() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10) == true
 	assert bst.contains(10) == true
 	assert bst.contains(20) == false
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ fn test_insert_into_bst_one() {
 // Make the insert of more element inside the BST
 // and check if the BST is able to find all the values
 fn test_insert_into_bst_two() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(9)
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn test_insert_into_bst_two() {
 // Test if the in_order_traversals list return the correct
 // result array
 fn test_in_order_bst_visit_one() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(21)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fn test_in_order_bst_visit_one() {
 // Test if the post_order_bst_visit return the correct
 // result array
 fn test_post_order_bst_visit_one() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(21)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ fn test_post_order_bst_visit_one() {
 
 // Test if the pre_order_traversal return the correct result array
 fn test_pre_order_bst_visit_one() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(21)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ fn test_pre_order_bst_visit_one() {
 // After many insert check if we are abe to get the correct
 // right and left value of the root.
 fn test_get_left_root() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(21)
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fn test_get_left_root() {
 
 // Check if BST panic if we call some operation on an empty BST.
 fn test_get_left_on_empty_bst() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 
 	left_val := bst.to_left(10) or { -1 }
 	assert left_val == -1
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn test_get_left_on_empty_bst() {
 // Check the remove operation if it is able to remove
 // all elements required, and mantains the BST propriety.
 fn test_remove_from_bst_one() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(21)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn test_remove_from_bst_one() {
 // Another test n the remove BST, this remove an intermidia node
 // that it is a triky operation.
 fn test_remove_from_bst_two() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
 	assert bst.insert(21)
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ fn test_remove_from_bst_two() {
 
 // check if we are able to get the max from the BST.
 fn test_get_max_in_bst() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert (bst.max() or { -1 }) == -1
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ fn test_get_max_in_bst() {
 
 // check if we are able to get the min from the BST.
 fn test_get_min_in_bst() {
-	mut bst := BSTree<int>{}
+	mut bst := BSTree[int]{}
 	assert (bst.min() or { -1 }) == -1
 	assert bst.insert(10)
 	assert bst.insert(20)

vlib/datatypes/doubly_linked_list.v

@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
 module datatypes
 
-struct DoublyListNode<T> {
+struct DoublyListNode[T] {
 mut:
 	data T
-	next &DoublyListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
-	prev &DoublyListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	next &DoublyListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
+	prev &DoublyListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // DoublyLinkedList<T> represents a generic doubly linked list of elements, each of type T.
-pub struct DoublyLinkedList<T> {
+pub struct DoublyLinkedList[T] {
 mut:
-	head &DoublyListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
-	tail &DoublyListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	head &DoublyListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
+	tail &DoublyListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 	// Internal iter pointer for allowing safe modification
 	// of the list while iterating. TODO: use an option
 	// instead of a pointer to determine it is initialized.
-	iter &DoublyListIter<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	iter &DoublyListIter[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 	len  int
 }
 
 // is_empty checks if the linked list is empty
-pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return list.len == 0
 }
 
 // len returns the length of the linked list
-pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) len() int {
+pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList[T]) len() int {
 	return list.len
 }
 
 // first returns the first element of the linked list
-pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) first() ?T {
+pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList[T]) first() ?T {
 	if list.is_empty() {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) first() ?T {
 }
 
 // last returns the last element of the linked list
-pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) last() ?T {
+pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList[T]) last() ?T {
 	if list.is_empty() {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	}
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) last() ?T {
 }
 
 // push_back adds an element to the end of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) push_back(item T) {
-	mut new_node := &DoublyListNode<T>{
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) push_back(item T) {
+	mut new_node := &DoublyListNode[T]{
 		data: item
 	}
 	if list.is_empty() {
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) push_back(item T) {
 }
 
 // push_front adds an element to the beginning of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) push_front(item T) {
-	mut new_node := &DoublyListNode<T>{
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) push_front(item T) {
+	mut new_node := &DoublyListNode[T]{
 		data: item
 	}
 	if list.is_empty() {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) push_front(item T) {
 }
 
 // pop_back removes the last element of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) pop_back() ?T {
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) pop_back() ?T {
 	if list.is_empty() {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	}
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) pop_back() ?T {
 }
 
 // pop_front removes the last element of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) pop_front() ?T {
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) pop_front() ?T {
 	if list.is_empty() {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	}
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) pop_front() ?T {
 }
 
 // insert adds an element to the linked list at the given index
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
 	if idx < 0 || idx > list.len {
 		return error('Index ${idx} out of bounds [0..${list.len}]')
 	} else if idx == 0 {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
 // (determined from the forward index). This function should be called
 // when idx > list.len/2. This helper function assumes idx bounds have
 // already been checked and idx is not at the edges.
-fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert_back(idx int, item T) {
+fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) insert_back(idx int, item T) {
 	mut node := list.node(idx + 1)
 	mut prev := node.prev
 	//   prev       node
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert_back(idx int, item T) {
 	//  |next|---->|next|
 	//  |prev|<----|prev|
 	//  ------     ------
-	new := &DoublyListNode<T>{
+	new := &DoublyListNode[T]{
 		data: item
 		next: node
 		prev: prev
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert_back(idx int, item T) {
 // (determined from the forward index). This function should be called
 // when idx <= list.len/2. This helper function assumes idx bounds have
 // already been checked and idx is not at the edges.
-fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert_front(idx int, item T) {
+fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) insert_front(idx int, item T) {
 	mut node := list.node(idx - 1)
 	mut next := node.next
 	//   node       next
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert_front(idx int, item T) {
 	//  |next|---->|next|
 	//  |prev|<----|prev|
 	//  ------     ------
-	new := &DoublyListNode<T>{
+	new := &DoublyListNode[T]{
 		data: item
 		next: next
 		prev: node
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) insert_front(idx int, item T) {
 // node walks from the head or tail and finds the node at index idx.
 // This helper function assumes the list is not empty and idx is in
 // bounds.
-fn (list &DoublyLinkedList<T>) node(idx int) &DoublyListNode<T> {
+fn (list &DoublyLinkedList[T]) node(idx int) &DoublyListNode[T] {
 	if idx <= list.len / 2 {
 		mut node := list.head
 		for h := 0; h < idx; h += 1 {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ fn (list &DoublyLinkedList<T>) node(idx int) &DoublyListNode<T> {
 
 // index searches the linked list for item and returns the forward index
 // or none if not found.
-pub fn (list &DoublyLinkedList<T>) index(item T) ?int {
+pub fn (list &DoublyLinkedList[T]) index(item T) ?int {
 	mut hn := list.head
 	mut tn := list.tail
 	for h, t := 0, list.len - 1; h <= t; {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ pub fn (list &DoublyLinkedList<T>) index(item T) ?int {
 
 // delete removes index idx from the linked list and is safe to call
 // for any idx.
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) delete(idx int) {
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) delete(idx int) {
 	if idx < 0 || idx >= list.len {
 		return
 	} else if idx == 0 {
@@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) delete(idx int) {
 }
 
 // str returns a string representation of the linked list
-pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) str() string {
+pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList[T]) str() string {
 	return list.array().str()
 }
 
 // array returns a array representation of the linked list
-pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) array() []T {
+pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList[T]) array() []T {
 	mut result_array := []T{cap: list.len}
 	mut node := list.head
 	for unsafe { node != 0 } {
@@ -266,10 +266,10 @@ pub fn (list DoublyLinkedList<T>) array() []T {
 
 // next implements the iter interface to use DoublyLinkedList with
 // V's `for x in list {` loop syntax.
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) next() ?T {
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) next() ?T {
 	if list.iter == unsafe { nil } {
 		// initialize new iter object
-		list.iter = &DoublyListIter<T>{
+		list.iter = &DoublyListIter[T]{
 			node: list.head
 		}
 		return list.next()
@@ -285,15 +285,15 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) next() ?T {
 }
 
 // iterator returns a new iterator instance for the `list`.
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) iterator() DoublyListIter<T> {
-	return DoublyListIter<T>{
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) iterator() DoublyListIter[T] {
+	return DoublyListIter[T]{
 		node: list.head
 	}
 }
 
 // back_iterator returns a new backwards iterator instance for the `list`.
-pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) back_iterator() DoublyListIterBack<T> {
-	return DoublyListIterBack<T>{
+pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList[T]) back_iterator() DoublyListIterBack[T] {
+	return DoublyListIterBack[T]{
 		node: list.tail
 	}
 }
@@ -303,14 +303,14 @@ pub fn (mut list DoublyLinkedList<T>) back_iterator() DoublyListIterBack<T> {
 // It can be used with V's `for x in iter {` construct.
 // One list can have multiple independent iterators, pointing to different positions/places in the list.
 // A DoublyListIter iterator instance always traverses the list from *start to finish*.
-pub struct DoublyListIter<T> {
+pub struct DoublyListIter[T] {
 mut:
-	node &DoublyListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	node &DoublyListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // next returns *the next* element of the list, or `none` when the end of the list is reached.
 // It is called by V's `for x in iter{` on each iteration.
-pub fn (mut iter DoublyListIter<T>) next() ?T {
+pub fn (mut iter DoublyListIter[T]) next() ?T {
 	if iter.node == unsafe { nil } {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -324,14 +324,14 @@ pub fn (mut iter DoublyListIter<T>) next() ?T {
 // It can be used with V's `for x in iter {` construct.
 // One list can have multiple independent iterators, pointing to different positions/places in the list.
 // A DoublyListIterBack iterator instance always traverses the list from *finish to start*.
-pub struct DoublyListIterBack<T> {
+pub struct DoublyListIterBack[T] {
 mut:
-	node &DoublyListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	node &DoublyListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // next returns *the previous* element of the list, or `none` when the start of the list is reached.
 // It is called by V's `for x in iter{` on each iteration.
-pub fn (mut iter DoublyListIterBack<T>) next() ?T {
+pub fn (mut iter DoublyListIterBack[T]) next() ?T {
 	if iter.node == unsafe { nil } {
 		return none
 	}

vlib/datatypes/doubly_linked_list_test.v

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 module datatypes
 
 fn test_is_empty() {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	assert list.is_empty() == true
 	list.push_back(1)
 	assert list.is_empty() == false
 }
 
 fn test_len() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	assert list.len() == 0
 	list.push_back(1)
 	assert list.len() == 1
@@ -17,29 +17,29 @@ fn test_len() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_first() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	assert list.first()? == 1
 	list.push_back(2)
 	assert list.first()? == 1
-	list = DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	list = DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.first() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_last() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	assert list.last()? == 1
 	list.push_back(2)
 	assert list.last()? == 2
-	list = DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	list = DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.last() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_push() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	assert list.last()? == 1
 	list.push_back(2)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ fn test_push() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_pop() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ fn test_pop() ? {
 	list.push_back(4)
 	assert list.pop_back()? == 4
 	assert list.pop_back()? == 2
-	list = DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	list = DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.pop_back() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_pop_front() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ fn test_pop_front() ? {
 	list.push_back(4)
 	assert list.pop_front()? == 2
 	assert list.pop_front()? == 3
-	list = DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	list = DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.pop_front() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_insert() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ fn test_insert() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_push_front() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn test_push_front() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_delete() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(0)
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ fn test_delete() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_iter() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		list.push_back(i * 10)
 	}
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ fn test_iter() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_index() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		list.push_back(i * 10)
 	}
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ fn test_index() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_str() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ fn test_str() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_array() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ fn test_array() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_string_array() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<[]string>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[[]string]{}
 	list.push_back(['a'])
 	list.push_back(['b'])
 	list.push_back(['c'])
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ fn test_string_array() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_iteration_with_for() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ fn test_iteration_with_for() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_iterator() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ fn test_iterator() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_back_iterator() ? {
-	mut list := DoublyLinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := DoublyLinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push_back(1)
 	list.push_back(2)
 	list.push_back(3)

vlib/datatypes/heap.v

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 module datatypes
 
 // MinHeap is a binary minimum heap data structure.
-pub struct MinHeap<T> {
+pub struct MinHeap[T] {
 mut:
 	data []T
 }
 
 // insert adds an element to the heap.
-pub fn (mut heap MinHeap<T>) insert(item T) {
+pub fn (mut heap MinHeap[T]) insert(item T) {
 	// push item to the end of the array
 	heap.data << item
 	// swap the new node with its parent until the heap is in order
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn (mut heap MinHeap<T>) insert(item T) {
 }
 
 // pop removes the top-most element from the heap.
-pub fn (mut heap MinHeap<T>) pop() ?T {
+pub fn (mut heap MinHeap[T]) pop() ?T {
 	if heap.data.len == 0 {
 		return none
 	} else if heap.data.len == 1 {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn (mut heap MinHeap<T>) pop() ?T {
 }
 
 // peek gets the top-most element from the heap without removing it.
-pub fn (heap MinHeap<T>) peek() ?T {
+pub fn (heap MinHeap[T]) peek() ?T {
 	if heap.data.len == 0 {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ pub fn (heap MinHeap<T>) peek() ?T {
 }
 
 // len returns the number of elements in the heap.
-pub fn (heap MinHeap<T>) len() int {
+pub fn (heap MinHeap[T]) len() int {
 	return heap.data.len
 }
 
 // left_child is a helper function that returns the index of the left
 // child given a parent idx, or none if there is no left child.
-fn (heap MinHeap<T>) left_child(idx int) ?int {
+fn (heap MinHeap[T]) left_child(idx int) ?int {
 	child := 2 * idx + 1
 	if child >= heap.data.len {
 		return none
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ fn (heap MinHeap<T>) left_child(idx int) ?int {
 
 // right_child is a helper function that returns the index of the right
 // child given a parent idx, or none if there is no right child.
-fn (heap MinHeap<T>) right_child(idx int) ?int {
+fn (heap MinHeap[T]) right_child(idx int) ?int {
 	child := 2 * idx + 2
 	if child >= heap.data.len {
 		return none
@@ -79,6 +79,6 @@ fn (heap MinHeap<T>) right_child(idx int) ?int {
 }
 
 // parent is a helper function that returns the parent index of the child.
-fn (heap MinHeap<T>) parent(idx int) int {
+fn (heap MinHeap[T]) parent(idx int) int {
 	return (idx - 1) / 2
 }

vlib/datatypes/heap_test.v

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module datatypes
 
 fn test_min_heap() ? {
-	mut heap := MinHeap<int>{}
+	mut heap := MinHeap[int]{}
 	heap.insert(2)
 	heap.insert(0)
 	heap.insert(8)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ fn (lhs Item) < (rhs Item) bool {
 }
 
 fn test_min_heap_custom() ? {
-	mut heap := MinHeap<Item>{}
+	mut heap := MinHeap[Item]{}
 	heap.insert(Item{'buz', 10})
 	heap.insert(Item{'qux', 0})
 	heap.insert(Item{'baz', 50})
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn test_min_heap_custom() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_heap_len() ? {
-	mut heap := MinHeap<int>{}
+	mut heap := MinHeap[int]{}
 	heap.insert(2)
 	assert heap.len() == 1
 	heap.insert(0)

vlib/datatypes/linked_list.v

@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
 module datatypes
 
-pub struct ListNode<T> {
+pub struct ListNode[T] {
 mut:
 	data T
-	next &ListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	next &ListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
-pub struct LinkedList<T> {
+pub struct LinkedList[T] {
 mut:
-	head &ListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	head &ListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 	len  int
 	// Internal iter pointer for allowing safe modification
 	// of the list while iterating. TODO: use an option
 	// instead of a pointer to determine if it is initialized.
-	iter &ListIter<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	iter &ListIter[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // is_empty checks if the linked list is empty
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return list.len == 0
 }
 
 // len returns the length of the linked list
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) len() int {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) len() int {
 	return list.len
 }
 
 // first returns the first element of the linked list
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) first() ?T {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) first() ?T {
 	return if !list.is_empty() { list.head.data } else { error('Linked list is empty') }
 }
 
 // last returns the last element of the linked list
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) last() ?T {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) last() ?T {
 	if unsafe { list.head == 0 } {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	} else {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) last() ?T {
 }
 
 // index returns the element at the given index of the linked list
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) index(idx int) ?T {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) index(idx int) ?T {
 	if unsafe { list.head == 0 } {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	} else {
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) index(idx int) ?T {
 }
 
 // push adds an element to the end of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) push(item T) {
-	new_node := &ListNode<T>{
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) push(item T) {
+	new_node := &ListNode[T]{
 		data: item
 	}
 	if unsafe { list.head == 0 } {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) push(item T) {
 }
 
 // pop removes the last element of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) pop() ?T {
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) pop() ?T {
 	if unsafe { list.head == 0 } {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) pop() ?T {
 }
 
 // shift removes the first element of the linked list
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) shift() ?T {
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) shift() ?T {
 	if unsafe { list.head == 0 } {
 		return error('Linked list is empty')
 	} else {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) shift() ?T {
 }
 
 // insert adds an element to the linked list at the given index
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
 	if idx < 0 || idx > list.len {
 		return error('Index ${idx} out of bounds [0..${list.len}]')
 	} else if list.len == 0 {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
 
 		if idx == 0 {
 			// first node case
-			list.head = &ListNode<T>{
+			list.head = &ListNode[T]{
 				data: item
 				next: node
 			}
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
 			for i := 0; i < idx - 1; i++ {
 				node = node.next
 			}
-			node.next = &ListNode<T>{
+			node.next = &ListNode[T]{
 				data: item
 				next: node.next
 			}
@@ -145,17 +145,17 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) insert(idx int, item T) ? {
 }
 
 // prepend adds an element to the beginning of the linked list (equivalent to insert(0, item))
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) prepend(item T) {
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) prepend(item T) {
 	list.insert(0, item) or {}
 }
 
 // str returns a string representation of the linked list
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) str() string {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) str() string {
 	return list.array().str()
 }
 
 // array returns a array representation of the linked list
-pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) array() []T {
+pub fn (list LinkedList[T]) array() []T {
 	mut result_array := []T{cap: list.len}
 	mut node := list.head
 	for unsafe { node != 0 } {
@@ -167,10 +167,10 @@ pub fn (list LinkedList<T>) array() []T {
 
 // next implements the iteration interface to use LinkedList
 // with V's `for` loop syntax.
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) next() ?T {
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) next() ?T {
 	if list.iter == unsafe { nil } {
 		// initialize new iter object
-		list.iter = &ListIter<T>{
+		list.iter = &ListIter[T]{
 			node: list.head
 		}
 		return list.next()
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) next() ?T {
 }
 
 // iterator returns a new iterator instance for the `list`.
-pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) iterator() ListIter<T> {
-	return ListIter<T>{
+pub fn (mut list LinkedList[T]) iterator() ListIter[T] {
+	return ListIter[T]{
 		node: list.head
 	}
 }
@@ -196,14 +196,14 @@ pub fn (mut list LinkedList<T>) iterator() ListIter<T> {
 // It can be used with V's `for x in iter {` construct.
 // One list can have multiple independent iterators, pointing to different positions/places in the list.
 // An iterator instance always traverses the list from start to finish.
-pub struct ListIter<T> {
+pub struct ListIter[T] {
 mut:
-	node &ListNode<T> = unsafe { 0 }
+	node &ListNode[T] = unsafe { 0 }
 }
 
 // next returns the next element of the list, or `none` when the end of the list is reached.
 // It is called by V's `for x in iter{` on each iteration.
-pub fn (mut iter ListIter<T>) next() ?T {
+pub fn (mut iter ListIter[T]) next() ?T {
 	if iter.node == unsafe { nil } {
 		return none
 	}

vlib/datatypes/linked_list_test.v

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 module datatypes
 
 fn test_is_empty() {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	assert list.is_empty() == true
 	list.push(1)
 	assert list.is_empty() == false
 }
 
 fn test_len() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	assert list.len() == 0
 	list.push(1)
 	assert list.len() == 1
@@ -17,29 +17,29 @@ fn test_len() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_first() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	assert list.first()? == 1
 	list.push(2)
 	assert list.first()? == 1
-	list = LinkedList<int>{}
+	list = LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.first() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_last() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	assert list.last()? == 1
 	list.push(2)
 	assert list.last()? == 2
-	list = LinkedList<int>{}
+	list = LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.last() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_index() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	assert list.index(0)? == 1
 	list.push(2)
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fn test_index() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_push() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	assert list.last()? == 1
 	list.push(2)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ fn test_push() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_pop() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ fn test_pop() ? {
 	list.push(4)
 	assert list.pop()? == 4
 	assert list.pop()? == 2
-	list = LinkedList<int>{}
+	list = LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.pop() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_shift() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ fn test_shift() ? {
 	list.push(4)
 	assert list.shift()? == 2
 	assert list.shift()? == 3
-	list = LinkedList<int>{}
+	list = LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.shift() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_insert() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ fn test_insert() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_prepend() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ fn test_prepend() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_str() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ fn test_str() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_array() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ fn test_array() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_linked_list_iterating_with_for() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ fn test_linked_list_iterating_with_for() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_linked_list_separate_iterators() ? {
-	mut list := LinkedList<int>{}
+	mut list := LinkedList[int]{}
 	list.push(1)
 	list.push(2)
 	list.push(3)

vlib/datatypes/queue.v

@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
 module datatypes
 
-pub struct Queue<T> {
+pub struct Queue[T] {
 mut:
-	elements LinkedList<T>
+	elements LinkedList[T]
 }
 
 // is_empty checks if the queue is empty
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return queue.elements.is_empty()
 }
 
 // len returns the length of the queue
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) len() int {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) len() int {
 	return queue.elements.len()
 }
 
 // peek returns the head of the queue (first element added)
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) peek() ?T {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) peek() ?T {
 	return queue.elements.first()
 }
 
 // last returns the tail of the queue (last element added)
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) last() ?T {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) last() ?T {
 	return queue.elements.last()
 }
 
 // index returns the element at the given index of the queue
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) index(idx int) ?T {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) index(idx int) ?T {
 	return queue.elements.index(idx)
 }
 
 // push adds an element to the tail of the queue
-pub fn (mut queue Queue<T>) push(item T) {
+pub fn (mut queue Queue[T]) push(item T) {
 	queue.elements.push(item)
 }
 
 // pop removes the element at the head of the queue and returns it
-pub fn (mut queue Queue<T>) pop() ?T {
+pub fn (mut queue Queue[T]) pop() ?T {
 	return queue.elements.shift()
 }
 
 // str returns a string representation of the queue
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) str() string {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) str() string {
 	return queue.elements.str()
 }
 
 // array returns a array representation of the queue
-pub fn (queue Queue<T>) array() []T {
+pub fn (queue Queue[T]) array() []T {
 	return queue.elements.array()
 }

vlib/datatypes/queue_test.v

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 module datatypes
 
 fn test_is_empty() {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	assert queue.is_empty() == true
 	queue.push(1)
 	assert queue.is_empty() == false
 }
 
 fn test_len() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	assert queue.len() == 0
 	queue.push(1)
 	assert queue.len() == 1
@@ -17,29 +17,29 @@ fn test_len() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_peek() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	queue.push(1)
 	assert queue.peek()? == 1
 	queue.push(2)
 	assert queue.peek()? == 1
-	queue = Queue<int>{}
+	queue = Queue[int]{}
 	queue.peek() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_last() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	queue.push(1)
 	assert queue.last()? == 1
 	queue.push(2)
 	assert queue.last()? == 2
-	queue = Queue<int>{}
+	queue = Queue[int]{}
 	queue.last() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_index() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	queue.push(1)
 	assert queue.index(0)? == 1
 	queue.push(2)
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ fn test_index() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_push() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	queue.push(1)
 	queue.push(2)
 	assert queue.peek()? == 1
 }
 
 fn test_pop() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	queue.push(1)
 	queue.push(2)
 	queue.push(3)
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ fn test_pop() ? {
 	queue.push(4)
 	assert queue.pop()? == 2
 	assert queue.pop()? == 3
-	queue = Queue<int>{}
+	queue = Queue[int]{}
 	queue.pop() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_array() ? {
-	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	mut queue := Queue[int]{}
 	queue.push(1)
 	queue.push(2)
 	assert queue.array() == [1, 2]

vlib/datatypes/ringbuffer.v

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 module datatypes
 
 // RingBuffer - public struct that represents the ringbuffer
-pub struct RingBuffer<T> {
+pub struct RingBuffer[T] {
 mut:
 	reader  int // index of the tail where data is going to be read
 	writer  int // index of the head where data is going to be written
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ mut:
 }
 
 // new_ringbuffer - creates an empty ringbuffer
-pub fn new_ringbuffer<T>(s int) RingBuffer<T> {
-	return RingBuffer<T>{
+pub fn new_ringbuffer[T](s int) RingBuffer[T] {
+	return RingBuffer[T]{
 		content: []T{len: s + 1, cap: s + 1}
 	} // increasing custom set size by one element in order to make ring flow possible, so that writer cannot equal reader before reader-index has been read.
 }
 
 // push - adds an element to the ringbuffer
-pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) push(element T) ? {
+pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) push(element T) ? {
 	if rb.is_full() {
 		return error('Buffer overflow')
 	} else {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) push(element T) ? {
 }
 
 // pop - returns the oldest element of the buffer
-pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) pop() ?T {
+pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) pop() ?T {
 	mut v := rb.content[rb.reader]
 	if rb.is_empty() {
 		return error('Buffer is empty')
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) pop() ?T {
 }
 
 // push_many - pushes an array to the buffer
-pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) push_many(elements []T) ? {
+pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) push_many(elements []T) ? {
 	for v in elements {
 		rb.push(v) or { return err }
 	}
 }
 
 // pop_many - returns a given number(n) of elements of the buffer starting with the oldest one
-pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) pop_many(n u64) ?[]T {
+pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) pop_many(n u64) ?[]T {
 	mut elements := []T{}
 	for _ in 0 .. n {
 		elements << rb.pop() or { return err }
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) pop_many(n u64) ?[]T {
 }
 
 // is_empty - checks if the ringbuffer is empty
-pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (rb RingBuffer[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return rb.reader == rb.writer // if reader equals writer it means that no value to read has been written before. It follows that the buffer is empty.
 }
 
 // is_full - checks if the ringbuffer is full
-pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) is_full() bool {
+pub fn (rb RingBuffer[T]) is_full() bool {
 	if rb.writer + 1 == rb.reader {
 		return true
 	} else if rb.writer == rb.content.len - 1 && rb.reader == 0 {
@@ -71,19 +71,19 @@ pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) is_full() bool {
 }
 
 // capacity - returns the capacity of the ringbuffer
-pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) capacity() int {
+pub fn (rb RingBuffer[T]) capacity() int {
 	return rb.content.cap - 1 // reduce by one because of the extra element explained in function `new_ringbuffer()`
 }
 
 // clear - emptys the ringbuffer and all pushed elements
-pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) clear() {
-	rb = RingBuffer<T>{
+pub fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) clear() {
+	rb = RingBuffer[T]{
 		content: []T{len: rb.content.len, cap: rb.content.cap}
 	}
 }
 
 // occupied - returns occupied capacity of the buffer.
-pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) occupied() int {
+pub fn (rb RingBuffer[T]) occupied() int {
 	mut reader := rb.reader
 	mut v := 0
 	if rb.is_empty() {
@@ -103,20 +103,20 @@ pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) occupied() int {
 }
 
 // remaining - returns remaining capacity of the buffer
-pub fn (rb RingBuffer<T>) remaining() int {
+pub fn (rb RingBuffer[T]) remaining() int {
 	return rb.capacity() - rb.occupied()
 }
 
 // head an tail-pointer move methods
 // these methods are not public, they are just an eneasement for handling the pointer-movement process.
-fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) move_reader() {
+fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) move_reader() {
 	rb.reader++
 	if rb.reader > rb.content.len - 1 {
 		rb.reader = 0
 	}
 }
 
-fn (mut rb RingBuffer<T>) move_writer() {
+fn (mut rb RingBuffer[T]) move_writer() {
 	rb.writer++
 	if rb.writer > rb.content.len - 1 {
 		rb.writer = 0

vlib/datatypes/ringbuffer_test.v

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import datatypes
 
 fn test_push_and_pop() {
-	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer<int>(2)
+	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer[int](2)
 
 	r.push(3) or { panic(err) }
 	r.push(4) or { panic(err) }
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ fn test_push_and_pop() {
 }
 
 fn test_clear_and_empty() {
-	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer<int>(4)
+	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer[int](4)
 	r.push(3) or { panic(err) }
 	r.push(4) or { panic(err) }
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn test_clear_and_empty() {
 }
 
 fn test_capacity_and_is_full() {
-	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer<int>(4)
+	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer[int](4)
 
 	assert r.capacity() == 4
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fn test_capacity_and_is_full() {
 }
 
 fn test_occupied_and_remaining() {
-	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer<int>(4)
+	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer[int](4)
 
 	r.push(3) or { panic(err) }
 	r.push(4) or { panic(err) }
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ fn test_occupied_and_remaining() {
 }
 
 fn test_push_and_pop_many() {
-	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer<int>(4)
+	mut r := datatypes.new_ringbuffer[int](4)
 	a := [1, 2, 3, 4]
 	r.push_many(a) or { panic(err) }
 

vlib/datatypes/set.v

@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 module datatypes
 
-pub struct Set<T> {
+pub struct Set[T] {
 mut:
 	elements map[T]u8
 }
 
 // checks the element is exists.
-pub fn (set Set<T>) exists(element T) bool {
+pub fn (set Set[T]) exists(element T) bool {
 	return element in set.elements
 }
 
 // adds the element to set, if it is not present already.
-pub fn (mut set Set<T>) add(element T) {
+pub fn (mut set Set[T]) add(element T) {
 	set.elements[element] = 1
 }
 
 // removes the element from set.
-pub fn (mut set Set<T>) remove(element T) {
+pub fn (mut set Set[T]) remove(element T) {
 	set.elements.delete(element)
 }
 
 // pick returns an arbitrary element of set, if set is not empty.
-pub fn (set Set<T>) pick() ?T {
+pub fn (set Set[T]) pick() ?T {
 	for k, _ in set.elements {
 		return k
 	}
@@ -29,31 +29,31 @@ pub fn (set Set<T>) pick() ?T {
 }
 
 // rest returns the set consisting of all elements except for the arbitrary element.
-pub fn (mut set Set<T>) rest() ?[]T {
+pub fn (mut set Set[T]) rest() ?[]T {
 	element := set.pick()?
 	return set.elements.keys().filter(it != element)
 }
 
 // pop returns an arbitrary element and deleting it from set.
-pub fn (mut set Set<T>) pop() ?T {
+pub fn (mut set Set[T]) pop() ?T {
 	element := set.pick()?
 	set.elements.delete(element)
 	return element
 }
 
 // delete all elements of set.
-pub fn (mut set Set<T>) clear() {
+pub fn (mut set Set[T]) clear() {
 	set.elements = map[T]u8{}
 }
 
 // equal checks whether the two given sets are equal (i.e. contain all and only the same elements).
 [deprecated: 'use set1<T> == set2<T> instead']
-pub fn (l Set<T>) equal(r Set<T>) bool {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) equal(r Set[T]) bool {
 	return l == r
 }
 
 // == checks whether the two given sets are equal (i.e. contain all and only the same elements).
-pub fn (l Set<T>) == (r Set<T>) bool {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) == (r Set[T]) bool {
 	if l.elements.len != r.elements.len {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -66,31 +66,31 @@ pub fn (l Set<T>) == (r Set<T>) bool {
 }
 
 // is_empty checks whether the set is empty or not.
-pub fn (set Set<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (set Set[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return set.size() == 0
 }
 
 // size returns the number of elements in the set.
-pub fn (set Set<T>) size() int {
+pub fn (set Set[T]) size() int {
 	return set.elements.len
 }
 
 // copy returns a copy of all the elements in the set.
-pub fn (set Set<T>) copy() Set<T> {
-	return Set<T>{
+pub fn (set Set[T]) copy() Set[T] {
+	return Set[T]{
 		elements: set.elements.clone()
 	}
 }
 
 // add_all adds the whole `elements` array to the set
-pub fn (mut set Set<T>) add_all(elements []T) {
+pub fn (mut set Set[T]) add_all(elements []T) {
 	for element in elements {
 		set.add(element)
 	}
 }
 
 // @union returns the union of the two sets.
-pub fn (l Set<T>) @union(r Set<T>) Set<T> {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) @union(r Set[T]) Set[T] {
 	mut set := l
 	for e, _ in r.elements {
 		set.add(e)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn (l Set<T>) @union(r Set<T>) Set<T> {
 }
 
 // intersection returns the intersection of sets.
-pub fn (l Set<T>) intersection(r Set<T>) Set<T> {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) intersection(r Set[T]) Set[T] {
 	mut set := l
 	for e, _ in l.elements {
 		if !r.exists(e) {
@@ -116,12 +116,12 @@ pub fn (l Set<T>) intersection(r Set<T>) Set<T> {
 
 // difference returns the difference of sets.
 [deprecated: 'use set1<T> - set2<T> instead']
-pub fn (l Set<T>) difference(r Set<T>) Set<T> {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) difference(r Set[T]) Set[T] {
 	return l - r
 }
 
 // - returns the difference of sets.
-pub fn (l Set<T>) - (r Set<T>) Set<T> {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) - (r Set[T]) Set[T] {
 	mut set := l
 	for e, _ in l.elements {
 		if r.exists(e) {
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ pub fn (l Set<T>) - (r Set<T>) Set<T> {
 }
 
 // subset returns true if the set `r` is a subset of the set `l`.
-pub fn (l Set<T>) subset(r Set<T>) bool {
+pub fn (l Set[T]) subset(r Set[T]) bool {
 	for e, _ in r.elements {
 		if e !in l.elements {
 			return false

vlib/datatypes/set_test.v

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 module datatypes
 
 fn test_exists() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.add('foo')
 	assert set.exists('foo')
 	assert set.exists('bar') == false
 }
 
 fn test_remove() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.remove('foo')
 	set.add('foo')
 	assert set.exists('foo')
@@ -17,28 +17,28 @@ fn test_remove() {
 }
 
 fn test_size() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.add('foo')
 	set.add('foo')
 	assert set.size() == 1
 }
 
 fn test_pop() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.add('foo')
 	set.pop() or { return }
 	assert set.exists('foo') == false
 }
 
 fn test_clear() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.add('foo')
 	set.clear()
 	assert set.size() == 0
 }
 
 fn test_rest() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.add('foo')
 	set.add('bar')
 	array := set.rest() or { return }
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ fn test_rest() {
 }
 
 fn test_equal() {
-	mut first_set := Set<string>{}
-	mut second_set := Set<string>{}
+	mut first_set := Set[string]{}
+	mut second_set := Set[string]{}
 	first_set.add('foo')
 	assert second_set != first_set
 	second_set.add('foo')
@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ fn test_equal() {
 }
 
 fn test_is_empty() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	assert set.is_empty()
 	set.add('foo')
 	assert set.is_empty() == false
 }
 
 fn test_union() {
-	mut first_set := Set<string>{}
-	mut second_set := Set<string>{}
+	mut first_set := Set[string]{}
+	mut second_set := Set[string]{}
 	first_set.add_all(['b', 'c', 'd'])
 	second_set.add_all(['a', 'e'])
 	mut third_set := first_set.@union(second_set)
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ fn test_union() {
 }
 
 fn test_intersection() {
-	mut first_set := Set<string>{}
+	mut first_set := Set[string]{}
 	first_set.add_all(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
-	mut second_set := Set<string>{}
+	mut second_set := Set[string]{}
 	second_set.add_all(['bar', 'baz', 'boo'])
 	mut third_set := first_set.intersection(second_set)
 	assert third_set.exists('foo') == false
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ fn test_intersection() {
 }
 
 fn test_difference() {
-	mut first_set := Set<string>{}
-	mut second_set := Set<string>{}
+	mut first_set := Set[string]{}
+	mut second_set := Set[string]{}
 	first_set.add_all(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
 	second_set.add_all(['bar', 'baz', 'boo'])
 	mut third_set := first_set - second_set
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ fn test_difference() {
 }
 
 fn test_subset() {
-	mut set := Set<string>{}
+	mut set := Set[string]{}
 	set.add_all(['a', 'b', 'c'])
-	mut subset := Set<string>{}
+	mut subset := Set[string]{}
 	subset.add_all(['b', 'c'])
 	assert set.subset(subset)
 }

vlib/datatypes/stack.v

@@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
 module datatypes
 
-pub struct Stack<T> {
+pub struct Stack[T] {
 mut:
 	elements []T
 }
 
 // is_empty checks if the stack is empty
-pub fn (stack Stack<T>) is_empty() bool {
+pub fn (stack Stack[T]) is_empty() bool {
 	return stack.elements.len == 0
 }
 
 // len returns the length of the stack
-pub fn (stack Stack<T>) len() int {
+pub fn (stack Stack[T]) len() int {
 	return stack.elements.len
 }
 
 // peek returns the top of the stack
-pub fn (stack Stack<T>) peek() ?T {
+pub fn (stack Stack[T]) peek() ?T {
 	return if !stack.is_empty() { stack.elements.last() } else { error('Stack is empty') }
 }
 
 // push adds an element to the top of the stack
-pub fn (mut stack Stack<T>) push(item T) {
+pub fn (mut stack Stack[T]) push(item T) {
 	stack.elements << item
 }
 
 // pop removes the element at the top of the stack and returns it
-pub fn (mut stack Stack<T>) pop() ?T {
+pub fn (mut stack Stack[T]) pop() ?T {
 	return if !stack.is_empty() { stack.elements.pop() } else { error('Stack is empty') }
 }
 
 // str returns a string representation of the stack
-pub fn (stack Stack<T>) str() string {
+pub fn (stack Stack[T]) str() string {
 	return stack.elements.str()
 }
 
 // array returns a array representation of the stack
-pub fn (stack Stack<T>) array() []T {
+pub fn (stack Stack[T]) array() []T {
 	return stack.elements
 }

vlib/datatypes/stack_test.v

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import datatypes as dt
 
 fn test_is_empty() {
-	mut stack := dt.Stack<int>{}
+	mut stack := dt.Stack[int]{}
 	assert stack.is_empty() == true
 	stack.push(1)
 	assert stack.is_empty() == false
 }
 
 fn test_len() ? {
-	mut stack := dt.Stack<int>{}
+	mut stack := dt.Stack[int]{}
 	assert stack.len() == 0
 	stack.push(1)
 	assert stack.len() == 1
@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ fn test_len() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_peek() ? {
-	mut stack := dt.Stack<int>{}
+	mut stack := dt.Stack[int]{}
 	stack.push(1)
 	assert stack.peek()? == 1
 	stack.push(2)
 	assert stack.peek()? == 2
-	stack = dt.Stack<int>{}
+	stack = dt.Stack[int]{}
 	stack.peek() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_push() ? {
-	mut stack := dt.Stack<int>{}
+	mut stack := dt.Stack[int]{}
 	stack.push(1)
 	assert stack.peek()? == 1
 	stack.push(2)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fn test_push() ? {
 }
 
 fn test_pop() ? {
-	mut stack := dt.Stack<int>{}
+	mut stack := dt.Stack[int]{}
 	stack.push(1)
 	stack.push(2)
 	stack.push(3)
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ fn test_pop() ? {
 	stack.push(4)
 	assert stack.pop()? == 4
 	assert stack.pop()? == 2
-	stack = dt.Stack<int>{}
+	stack = dt.Stack[int]{}
 	stack.pop() or { return }
 	assert false
 }
 
 fn test_array() ? {
-	mut stack := dt.Stack<int>{}
+	mut stack := dt.Stack[int]{}
 	stack.push(1)
 	stack.push(2)
 	assert stack.array() == [1, 2]

vlib/encoding/csv/reader_test.v

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ mut:
 
 fn test_decode_to_struct() {
 	text := 'id,bonus,amount,yes\r\n1,bomb,1,true\r\n2,rocket,1,false,\r\n3,lightning,2,2\r\n'
-	arr := csv.decode<Test>(text)
+	arr := csv.decode[Test](text)
 	assert arr[0].id == 1
 	assert arr[0].bonus == 'bomb'
 	assert arr[0].amount == 1

vlib/encoding/csv/to_struct_arr.v

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module csv
 import strconv
 
 // decode csv to struct
-pub fn decode<T>(data string) []T {
+pub fn decode[T](data string) []T {
 	mut result := []T{}
 	if data == '' {
 		return result

vlib/hash/fnv1a/fnv1a.v

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn sum32(data []u8) u32 {
 
 // sum32_bytes returns a fnv1a hash of the struct `s`.
 [direct_array_access; inline]
-pub fn sum32_struct<T>(s &T) u32 {
+pub fn sum32_struct[T](s &T) u32 {
 	bp := unsafe { &u8(s) }
 	sz := int(sizeof(T))
 	mut hash := fnv1a.fnv32_offset_basis
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub fn sum64_bytes(data &u8, data_len int) u64 {
 
 // sum64_bytes returns a fnv1a hash of the struct `s`.
 [direct_array_access; inline]
-pub fn sum64_struct<T>(s &T) u64 {
+pub fn sum64_struct[T](s &T) u64 {
 	bp := unsafe { &u8(s) }
 	sz := int(sizeof(T))
 	mut hash := fnv1a.fnv64_offset_basis

vlib/js/js.js.v

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ pub interface JS.Response {
 	clone() JS.Response
 }
 
-pub fn fetch(input string, init map[string]JS.Any) promise.Promise<JS.Response, JS.String> {
+pub fn fetch(input string, init map[string]JS.Any) promise.Promise[JS.Response, JS.String] {
 	p_init := JS.Any(unsafe { nil })
-	p := promise.Promise<JS.Response, String>{p_init}
+	p := promise.Promise[JS.Response, String]{p_init}
 
 	#let obj = {}; for (let [key,val] of init.map) { obj[key] = val; }
 	#p.promise = fetch(input.str,obj);

vlib/json/json_decode_with_generic_test.v

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 
-struct Result<T> {
+struct Result[T] {
 	ok     bool
 	result T
 }
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ struct User {
 	username string
 }
 
-fn func<T>() !T {
+fn func[T]() !T {
 	text := '{"ok": true, "result":{"id":37467243, "username": "ciao"}}'
-	a := json.decode(Result<T>, text)!
+	a := json.decode(Result[T], text)!
 	return a.result
 }
 
 fn test_decode_with_generic_struct() {
-	ret := func<User>()!
+	ret := func[User]()!
 	println(ret)
 	assert ret.id == 37467243
 	assert ret.username == 'ciao'

vlib/json/json_test.v

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ fn test_encode_decode_sumtype() {
 	assert (game.other[4] as time.Time).unix_time() == (dec.other[4] as time.Time).unix_time()
 }
 
-fn bar<T>(payload string) !Bar { // ?T doesn't work currently
+fn bar[T](payload string) !Bar { // ?T doesn't work currently
 	result := json.decode(T, payload)!
 	return result
 }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ struct Bar {
 }
 
 fn test_generic() {
-	result := bar<Bar>('{"x":"test"}') or { Bar{} }
+	result := bar[Bar]('{"x":"test"}') or { Bar{} }
 	assert result.x == 'test'
 }
 
@@ -332,17 +332,17 @@ fn test_nested_type() {
 	}
 }
 
-struct Foo<T> {
+struct Foo[T] {
 pub:
 	name string
 	data T
 }
 
 fn test_generic_struct() {
-	foo_int := Foo<int>{'bar', 12}
+	foo_int := Foo[int]{'bar', 12}
 	foo_enc := json.encode(foo_int)
 	assert foo_enc == '{"name":"bar","data":12}'
-	foo_dec := json.decode(Foo<int>, foo_enc)!
+	foo_dec := json.decode(Foo[int], foo_enc)!
 	assert foo_dec.name == 'bar'
 	assert foo_dec.data == 12
 }

vlib/maps/maps.v

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module maps
 
 // filter filters map entries by the given predicate function
-pub fn filter<K, V>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) bool) map[K]V {
+pub fn filter[K, V](m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) bool) map[K]V {
 	mut mp := map[K]V{}
 
 	for k, v in m {
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub fn filter<K, V>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) bool) map[K]V {
 }
 
 // to_array maps map entries into one-dimensional array
-pub fn to_array<K, V, I>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) I) []I {
+pub fn to_array[K, V, I](m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) I) []I {
 	mut a := []I{cap: m.len}
 
 	for k, v in m {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub fn to_array<K, V, I>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) I) []I {
 }
 
 // flat_map maps map entries into arrays and flattens into a one-dimensional array
-pub fn flat_map<K, V, I>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) []I) []I {
+pub fn flat_map[K, V, I](m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) []I) []I {
 	mut a := []I{cap: m.len}
 
 	for k, v in m {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn flat_map<K, V, I>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) []I) []I {
 }
 
 // to_map maps map entries into new entries and constructs a new map
-pub fn to_map<K, V, X, Y>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) (X, Y)) map[X]Y {
+pub fn to_map[K, V, X, Y](m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) (X, Y)) map[X]Y {
 	mut mp := map[X]Y{}
 
 	for k, v in m {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn to_map<K, V, X, Y>(m map[K]V, f fn (key K, val V) (X, Y)) map[X]Y {
 }
 
 // invert returns a new map, created by swapping key to value and vice versa for each entry.
-pub fn invert<K, V>(m map[K]V) map[V]K {
+pub fn invert[K, V](m map[K]V) map[V]K {
 	mut mp := map[V]K{}
 
 	for k, v in m {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn invert<K, V>(m map[K]V) map[V]K {
 }
 
 // from_array maps array into map with index to element per entry
-pub fn from_array<T>(array []T) map[int]T {
+pub fn from_array[T](array []T) map[int]T {
 	mut mp := map[int]T{}
 
 	for i, e in array {

vlib/maps/maps_test.v

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ fn test_flat_map() {
 		4: [5, 6]
 		7: [8, 9]
 	}
-	assert flat_map<int, []int, int>(m1, fn (k int, v []int) []int {
+	assert flat_map[int, []int, int](m1, fn (k int, v []int) []int {
 		mut a := [k]
 		a << v
 		return a
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ fn test_to_map() {
 		4: '4'
 		5: '5'
 	}
-	assert to_map<int, string, string, int>(m1, fn (k int, v string) (string, int) {
+	assert to_map[int, string, string, int](m1, fn (k int, v string) (string, int) {
 		return v, k
 	}) == {
 		'0': 0

vlib/math/mathutil.v

@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ module math
 
 // min returns the minimum of `a` and `b`
 [inline]
-pub fn min<T>(a T, b T) T {
+pub fn min[T](a T, b T) T {
 	return if a < b { a } else { b }
 }
 
 // max returns the maximum of `a` and `b`
 [inline]
-pub fn max<T>(a T, b T) T {
+pub fn max[T](a T, b T) T {
 	return if a > b { a } else { b }
 }
 
 // abs returns the absolute value of `a`
 [inline]
-pub fn abs<T>(a T) T {
+pub fn abs[T](a T) T {
 	return if a < 0 { -a } else { a }
 }

vlib/math/mathutil/mathutil.v

@@ -6,20 +6,20 @@ module mathutil
 [deprecated: 'use math.min instead']
 [deprecated_after: '2022-01-19']
 [inline]
-pub fn min<T>(a T, b T) T {
+pub fn min[T](a T, b T) T {
 	return if a < b { a } else { b }
 }
 
 [deprecated: 'use math.max instead']
 [deprecated_after: '2022-01-19']
 [inline]
-pub fn max<T>(a T, b T) T {
+pub fn max[T](a T, b T) T {
 	return if a > b { a } else { b }
 }
 
 [deprecated: 'use math.abs instead']
 [deprecated_after: '2022-01-19']
 [inline]
-pub fn abs<T>(a T) T {
+pub fn abs[T](a T) T {
 	return if a > 0 { a } else { -a }
 }

vlib/math/stats/stats.v

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import math
 // Frequency of a given number
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/frequency-distribution.html
-pub fn freq<T>(data []T, val T) int {
+pub fn freq[T](data []T, val T) int {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn freq<T>(data []T, val T) int {
 // of the given input array, sum(data)/data.len
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/central-measures.html
-pub fn mean<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn mean[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn mean<T>(data []T) T {
 // of the given input array, product(data)**1/data.len
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/geometric-mean.html
-pub fn geometric_mean<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn geometric_mean[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pub fn geometric_mean<T>(data []T) T {
 // of the given input array
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/harmonic-mean.html
-pub fn harmonic_mean<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn harmonic_mean[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub fn harmonic_mean<T>(data []T) T {
 // median returns the middlemost value of the given input array ( input array is assumed to be sorted )
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/central-measures.html
-pub fn median<T>(sorted_data []T) T {
+pub fn median[T](sorted_data []T) T {
 	if sorted_data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub fn median<T>(sorted_data []T) T {
 // mode calculates the highest occuring value of the given input array
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/central-measures.html
-pub fn mode<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn mode[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn mode<T>(data []T) T {
 // rms, Root Mean Square, calculates the sqrt of the mean of the squares of the given input array
 // Based on
 // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square
-pub fn rms<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn rms[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -118,19 +118,19 @@ pub fn rms<T>(data []T) T {
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
 [inline]
-pub fn population_variance<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn population_variance[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	return population_variance_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	return population_variance_mean[T](data, data_mean)
 }
 
 // population_variance_mean is the Measure of Dispersion / Spread
 // of the given input array, with the provided mean
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
-pub fn population_variance_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn population_variance_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -145,18 +145,18 @@ pub fn population_variance_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
 [inline]
-pub fn sample_variance<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn sample_variance[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	return sample_variance_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	return sample_variance_mean[T](data, data_mean)
 }
 
 // sample_variance calculates the spread of dataset around the provided mean
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
-pub fn sample_variance_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn sample_variance_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -171,22 +171,22 @@ pub fn sample_variance_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
 [inline]
-pub fn population_stddev<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn population_stddev[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	return math.sqrt(population_variance<T>(data))
+	return math.sqrt(population_variance[T](data))
 }
 
 // population_stddev_mean calculates how spread out the dataset is, with the provide mean
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
 [inline]
-pub fn population_stddev_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn population_stddev_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	return T(math.sqrt(f64(population_variance_mean<T>(data, mean))))
+	return T(math.sqrt(f64(population_variance_mean[T](data, mean))))
 }
 
 // Measure of Dispersion / Spread
@@ -194,11 +194,11 @@ pub fn population_stddev_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
 [inline]
-pub fn sample_stddev<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn sample_stddev[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	return T(math.sqrt(f64(sample_variance<T>(data))))
+	return T(math.sqrt(f64(sample_variance[T](data))))
 }
 
 // Measure of Dispersion / Spread
@@ -206,29 +206,29 @@ pub fn sample_stddev<T>(data []T) T {
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html
 [inline]
-pub fn sample_stddev_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn sample_stddev_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	return T(math.sqrt(f64(sample_variance_mean<T>(data, mean))))
+	return T(math.sqrt(f64(sample_variance_mean[T](data, mean))))
 }
 
 // absdev calculates the average distance between each data point and the mean
 // Based on
 // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_absolute_deviation
 [inline]
-pub fn absdev<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn absdev[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	return absdev_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	return absdev_mean[T](data, data_mean)
 }
 
 // absdev_mean calculates the average distance between each data point and the provided mean
 // Based on
 // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_absolute_deviation
-pub fn absdev_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn absdev_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -241,16 +241,16 @@ pub fn absdev_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
 
 // tts, Sum of squares, calculates the sum over all squared differences between values and overall mean
 [inline]
-pub fn tss<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn tss[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	return tss_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	return tss_mean[T](data, data_mean)
 }
 
 // tts_mean, Sum of squares, calculates the sum over all squared differences between values and the provided mean
-pub fn tss_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn tss_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pub fn tss_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
 }
 
 // min finds the minimum value from the dataset
-pub fn min<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn min[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ pub fn min<T>(data []T) T {
 }
 
 // max finds the maximum value from the dataset
-pub fn max<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn max[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pub fn max<T>(data []T) T {
 }
 
 // minmax finds the minimum and maximum value from the dataset
-pub fn minmax<T>(data []T) (T, T) {
+pub fn minmax[T](data []T) (T, T) {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0), T(0)
 	}
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ pub fn minmax<T>(data []T) (T, T) {
 }
 
 // min_index finds the first index of the minimum value
-pub fn min_index<T>(data []T) int {
+pub fn min_index[T](data []T) int {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ pub fn min_index<T>(data []T) int {
 }
 
 // max_index finds the first index of the maximum value
-pub fn max_index<T>(data []T) int {
+pub fn max_index[T](data []T) int {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ pub fn max_index<T>(data []T) int {
 }
 
 // minmax_index finds the first index of the minimum and maximum value
-pub fn minmax_index<T>(data []T) (int, int) {
+pub fn minmax_index[T](data []T) (int, int) {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return 0, 0
 	}
@@ -365,26 +365,26 @@ pub fn minmax_index<T>(data []T) (int, int) {
 // Range ( Maximum - Minimum ) of the given input array
 // Based on
 // https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/range.html
-pub fn range<T>(data []T) T {
+pub fn range[T](data []T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
-	min, max := minmax<T>(data)
+	min, max := minmax[T](data)
 	return max - min
 }
 
 // covariance calculates directional association between datasets
 // positive value denotes variables move in same direction and negative denotes variables move in opposite directions
 [inline]
-pub fn covariance<T>(data1 []T, data2 []T) T {
-	mean1 := mean<T>(data1)
-	mean2 := mean<T>(data2)
-	return covariance_mean<T>(data1, data2, mean1, mean2)
+pub fn covariance[T](data1 []T, data2 []T) T {
+	mean1 := mean[T](data1)
+	mean2 := mean[T](data2)
+	return covariance_mean[T](data1, data2, mean1, mean2)
 }
 
 // covariance_mean computes the covariance of a dataset with means provided
 // the recurrence relation
-pub fn covariance_mean<T>(data1 []T, data2 []T, mean1 T, mean2 T) T {
+pub fn covariance_mean[T](data1 []T, data2 []T, mean1 T, mean2 T) T {
 	n := int(math.min(data1.len, data2.len))
 	if n == 0 {
 		return T(0)
@@ -401,15 +401,15 @@ pub fn covariance_mean<T>(data1 []T, data2 []T, mean1 T, mean2 T) T {
 // lag1_autocorrelation_mean calculates the correlation between values that are one time period apart
 // of a dataset, based on the mean
 [inline]
-pub fn lag1_autocorrelation<T>(data []T) T {
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	return lag1_autocorrelation_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
+pub fn lag1_autocorrelation[T](data []T) T {
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	return lag1_autocorrelation_mean[T](data, data_mean)
 }
 
 // lag1_autocorrelation_mean calculates the correlation between values that are one time period apart
 // of a dataset, using
 // the recurrence relation
-pub fn lag1_autocorrelation_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
+pub fn lag1_autocorrelation_mean[T](data []T, mean T) T {
 	if data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}
@@ -426,15 +426,15 @@ pub fn lag1_autocorrelation_mean<T>(data []T, mean T) T {
 
 // kurtosis calculates the measure of the 'tailedness' of the data by finding mean and standard of deviation
 [inline]
-pub fn kurtosis<T>(data []T) T {
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	sd := population_stddev_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
-	return kurtosis_mean_stddev<T>(data, data_mean, sd)
+pub fn kurtosis[T](data []T) T {
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	sd := population_stddev_mean[T](data, data_mean)
+	return kurtosis_mean_stddev[T](data, data_mean, sd)
 }
 
 // kurtosis_mean_stddev calculates the measure of the 'tailedness' of the data
 // using the fourth moment the deviations, normalized by the sd
-pub fn kurtosis_mean_stddev<T>(data []T, mean T, sd T) T {
+pub fn kurtosis_mean_stddev[T](data []T, mean T, sd T) T {
 	mut avg := T(0) // find the fourth moment the deviations, normalized by the sd
 	/*
 	we use a recurrence relation to stably update a running value so
@@ -449,14 +449,14 @@ pub fn kurtosis_mean_stddev<T>(data []T, mean T, sd T) T {
 
 // skew calculates the mean and standard of deviation to find the skew from the data
 [inline]
-pub fn skew<T>(data []T) T {
-	data_mean := mean<T>(data)
-	sd := population_stddev_mean<T>(data, data_mean)
-	return skew_mean_stddev<T>(data, data_mean, sd)
+pub fn skew[T](data []T) T {
+	data_mean := mean[T](data)
+	sd := population_stddev_mean[T](data, data_mean)
+	return skew_mean_stddev[T](data, data_mean, sd)
 }
 
 // skew_mean_stddev calculates the skewness of data
-pub fn skew_mean_stddev<T>(data []T, mean T, sd T) T {
+pub fn skew_mean_stddev[T](data []T, mean T, sd T) T {
 	mut skew := T(0) // find the sum of the cubed deviations, normalized by the sd.
 	/*
 	we use a recurrence relation to stably update a running value so
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ pub fn skew_mean_stddev<T>(data []T, mean T, sd T) T {
 	return skew
 }
 
-pub fn quantile<T>(sorted_data []T, f T) T {
+pub fn quantile[T](sorted_data []T, f T) T {
 	if sorted_data.len == 0 {
 		return T(0)
 	}

vlib/net/conv/conv_test.v

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import net.conv
 
-fn check<T>(f fn (a T) T, finv fn (b T) T, x T) {
+fn check[T](f fn (a T) T, finv fn (b T) T, x T) {
 	a := f(x)
 	b := finv(a)
 	assert b == x

vlib/os/file.c.v

@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ fn error_size_of_type_0() IError {
 }
 
 // read_struct reads a single struct of type `T`
-pub fn (mut f File) read_struct<T>(mut t T) ! {
+pub fn (mut f File) read_struct[T](mut t T) ! {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) read_struct<T>(mut t T) ! {
 }
 
 // read_struct_at reads a single struct of type `T` at position specified in file
-pub fn (mut f File) read_struct_at<T>(mut t T, pos u64) ! {
+pub fn (mut f File) read_struct_at[T](mut t T, pos u64) ! {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) read_struct_at<T>(mut t T, pos u64) ! {
 }
 
 // read_raw reads and returns a single instance of type `T`
-pub fn (mut f File) read_raw<T>() !T {
+pub fn (mut f File) read_raw[T]() !T {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) read_raw<T>() !T {
 }
 
 // read_raw_at reads and returns a single instance of type `T` starting at file byte offset `pos`
-pub fn (mut f File) read_raw_at<T>(pos u64) !T {
+pub fn (mut f File) read_raw_at[T](pos u64) !T {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) read_raw_at<T>(pos u64) !T {
 }
 
 // write_struct writes a single struct of type `T`
-pub fn (mut f File) write_struct<T>(t &T) ! {
+pub fn (mut f File) write_struct[T](t &T) ! {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) write_struct<T>(t &T) ! {
 }
 
 // write_struct_at writes a single struct of type `T` at position specified in file
-pub fn (mut f File) write_struct_at<T>(t &T, pos u64) ! {
+pub fn (mut f File) write_struct_at[T](t &T, pos u64) ! {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) write_struct_at<T>(t &T, pos u64) ! {
 // TODO `write_raw[_at]` implementations are copy-pasted from `write_struct[_at]`
 
 // write_raw writes a single instance of type `T`
-pub fn (mut f File) write_raw<T>(t &T) ! {
+pub fn (mut f File) write_raw[T](t &T) ! {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ pub fn (mut f File) write_raw<T>(t &T) ! {
 }
 
 // write_raw_at writes a single instance of type `T` starting at file byte offset `pos`
-pub fn (mut f File) write_raw_at<T>(t &T, pos u64) ! {
+pub fn (mut f File) write_raw_at[T](t &T, pos u64) ! {
 	if !f.is_opened {
 		return error_file_not_opened()
 	}

vlib/os/file_test.v

@@ -282,10 +282,10 @@ fn test_read_raw() {
 	f.write_raw(another_permission)!
 	f.close()
 	f = os.open_file(tfile, 'r')!
-	p := f.read_raw<Point>()!
-	b := f.read_raw<u8>()!
-	c := f.read_raw<Color>()!
-	x := f.read_raw<Permissions>()!
+	p := f.read_raw[Point]()!
+	b := f.read_raw[u8]()!
+	c := f.read_raw[Color]()!
+	x := f.read_raw[Permissions]()!
 	f.close()
 
 	assert p == another_point
@@ -304,13 +304,13 @@ fn test_read_raw_at() {
 	f.close()
 	f = os.open_file(tfile, 'r')!
 	mut at := u64(3)
-	p := f.read_raw_at<Point>(at)!
+	p := f.read_raw_at[Point](at)!
 	at += sizeof(Point)
-	b := f.read_raw_at<u8>(at)!
+	b := f.read_raw_at[u8](at)!
 	at += sizeof(u8)
-	c := f.read_raw_at<Color>(at)!
+	c := f.read_raw_at[Color](at)!
 	at += sizeof(Color)
-	x := f.read_raw_at<Permissions>(at)!
+	x := f.read_raw_at[Permissions](at)!
 	at += sizeof(Permissions)
 	f.close()
 
@@ -322,10 +322,10 @@ fn test_read_raw_at() {
 
 fn test_read_raw_at_negative_pos() {
 	mut f := os.open_file(tfile, 'r')!
-	if _ := f.read_raw_at<Point>(-1) {
+	if _ := f.read_raw_at[Point](-1) {
 		assert false
 	}
-	f.read_raw_at<Point>(-234) or { assert err.msg() == 'Invalid argument' }
+	f.read_raw_at[Point](-234) or { assert err.msg() == 'Invalid argument' }
 	f.close()
 }
 
@@ -342,11 +342,11 @@ fn test_seek() {
 	//
 	f.seek(i64(sizeof(Point)), .start)!
 	assert f.tell()! == sizeof(Point)
-	b := f.read_raw<u8>()!
+	b := f.read_raw[u8]()!
 	assert b == another_byte
 
 	f.seek(i64(sizeof(Color)), .current)!
-	x := f.read_raw<Permissions>()!
+	x := f.read_raw[Permissions]()!
 	assert x == another_permission
 	//
 	f.close()

vlib/os/os.c.v

@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ pub fn get_raw_stdin() []u8 {
 }
 
 // read_file_array reads an array of `T` values from file `path`.
-pub fn read_file_array<T>(path string) []T {
+pub fn read_file_array[T](path string) []T {
 	a := T{}
 	tsize := int(sizeof(a))
 	// prepare for reading, get current file size

vlib/os/os_test.v

@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ fn test_write_file_array_structs() {
 		arr[i] = IntPoint{65 + i, 65 + i + 10}
 	}
 	os.write_file_array(fpath, arr) or { panic(err) }
-	rarr := os.read_file_array<IntPoint>(fpath)
+	rarr := os.read_file_array[IntPoint](fpath)
 	assert rarr == arr
 	assert rarr.len == maxn
 	// eprintln( rarr.str().replace('\n', ' ').replace('},', '},\n'))

vlib/rand/config/config.v

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub:
 }
 
 // validate_for is a helper function for validating the configuration struct for the given array.
-pub fn (config ShuffleConfigStruct) validate_for<T>(a []T) ! {
+pub fn (config ShuffleConfigStruct) validate_for[T](a []T) ! {
 	if config.start < 0 || config.start >= a.len {
 		return error("argument 'config.start' must be in range [0, a.len)")
 	}

vlib/rand/rand.v

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ pub fn (mut rng PRNG) exponential(lambda f64) f64 {
 // optional and the entire array is shuffled by default. Leave the end as 0 to
 // shuffle all elements until the end.
 [direct_array_access]
-pub fn (mut rng PRNG) shuffle<T>(mut a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ! {
+pub fn (mut rng PRNG) shuffle[T](mut a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ! {
 	config.validate_for(a)!
 	new_end := if config.end == 0 { a.len } else { config.end }
 
@@ -360,23 +360,23 @@ pub fn (mut rng PRNG) shuffle<T>(mut a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) !
 
 // shuffle_clone returns a random permutation of the elements in `a`.
 // The permutation is done on a fresh clone of `a`, so `a` remains unchanged.
-pub fn (mut rng PRNG) shuffle_clone<T>(a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ![]T {
+pub fn (mut rng PRNG) shuffle_clone[T](a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ![]T {
 	mut res := a.clone()
-	rng.shuffle<T>(mut res, config)!
+	rng.shuffle[T](mut res, config)!
 	return res
 }
 
 // choose samples k elements from the array without replacement.
 // This means the indices cannot repeat and it restricts the sample size to be less than or equal to the size of the given array.
 // Note that if the array has repeating elements, then the sample may have repeats as well.
-pub fn (mut rng PRNG) choose<T>(array []T, k int) ![]T {
+pub fn (mut rng PRNG) choose[T](array []T, k int) ![]T {
 	n := array.len
 	if k > n {
 		return error('Cannot choose ${k} elements without replacement from a ${n}-element array.')
 	}
 	mut results := []T{len: k}
 	mut indices := []int{len: n, init: it}
-	rng.shuffle<int>(mut indices)!
+	rng.shuffle[int](mut indices)!
 	for i in 0 .. k {
 		results[i] = array[indices[i]]
 	}
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ pub fn (mut rng PRNG) choose<T>(array []T, k int) ![]T {
 
 // element returns a random element from the given array.
 // Note that all the positions in the array have an equal chance of being selected. This means that if the array has repeating elements, then the probability of selecting a particular element is not uniform.
-pub fn (mut rng PRNG) element<T>(array []T) !T {
+pub fn (mut rng PRNG) element[T](array []T) !T {
 	if array.len == 0 {
 		return error('Cannot choose an element from an empty array.')
 	}
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ pub fn (mut rng PRNG) element<T>(array []T) !T {
 
 // sample samples k elements from the array with replacement.
 // This means the elements can repeat and the size of the sample may exceed the size of the array.
-pub fn (mut rng PRNG) sample<T>(array []T, k int) []T {
+pub fn (mut rng PRNG) sample[T](array []T, k int) []T {
 	mut results := []T{len: k}
 	for i in 0 .. k {
 		results[i] = array[rng.intn(array.len) or { 0 }]
@@ -599,33 +599,33 @@ pub fn ascii(len int) string {
 // shuffle randomly permutates the elements in `a`. The range for shuffling is
 // optional and the entire array is shuffled by default. Leave the end as 0 to
 // shuffle all elements until the end.
-pub fn shuffle<T>(mut a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ! {
-	default_rng.shuffle<T>(mut a, config)!
+pub fn shuffle[T](mut a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ! {
+	default_rng.shuffle[T](mut a, config)!
 }
 
 // shuffle_clone returns a random permutation of the elements in `a`.
 // The permutation is done on a fresh clone of `a`, so `a` remains unchanged.
-pub fn shuffle_clone<T>(a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ![]T {
-	return default_rng.shuffle_clone<T>(a, config)
+pub fn shuffle_clone[T](a []T, config config.ShuffleConfigStruct) ![]T {
+	return default_rng.shuffle_clone[T](a, config)
 }
 
 // choose samples k elements from the array without replacement.
 // This means the indices cannot repeat and it restricts the sample size to be less than or equal to the size of the given array.
 // Note that if the array has repeating elements, then the sample may have repeats as well.
-pub fn choose<T>(array []T, k int) ![]T {
-	return default_rng.choose<T>(array, k)
+pub fn choose[T](array []T, k int) ![]T {
+	return default_rng.choose[T](array, k)
 }
 
 // element returns a random element from the given array.
 // Note that all the positions in the array have an equal chance of being selected. This means that if the array has repeating elements, then the probability of selecting a particular element is not uniform.
-pub fn element<T>(array []T) !T {
-	return default_rng.element<T>(array)
+pub fn element[T](array []T) !T {
+	return default_rng.element[T](array)
 }
 
 // sample samples k elements from the array with replacement.
 // This means the elements can repeat and the size of the sample may exceed the size of the array.
-pub fn sample<T>(array []T, k int) []T {
-	return default_rng.sample<T>(array, k)
+pub fn sample[T](array []T, k int) []T {
+	return default_rng.sample[T](array, k)
 }
 
 // bernoulli returns true with a probability p. Note that 0 <= p <= 1.

vlib/sync/channel_select_test.v

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ fn do_send_i64(mut ch Channel) {
 }
 
 fn test_select() {
-	mut chi := new_channel<int>(0)
-	mut chl := new_channel<i64>(1)
-	mut chb := new_channel<u8>(10)
-	mut recch := new_channel<i64>(0)
+	mut chi := new_channel[int](0)
+	mut chl := new_channel[i64](1)
+	mut chb := new_channel[u8](10)
+	mut recch := new_channel[i64](0)
 	spawn do_rec_i64(mut recch)
 	spawn do_send_int(mut chi)
 	spawn do_send_u8(mut chb)

vlib/sync/channels.c.v

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub:
 	cap u32 // queue length in #objects
 }
 
-pub fn new_channel<T>(n u32) &Channel {
+pub fn new_channel[T](n u32) &Channel {
 	st := sizeof(T)
 	if isreftype(T) {
 		return new_channel_st(n, st)

vlib/sync/channels.js.v

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub struct Channel {
 	arr array
 }
 
-pub fn new_channel<T>(n u32) &Channel {
+pub fn new_channel[T](n u32) &Channel {
 	return &Channel{arr, new_array()}
 }
 

vlib/sync/pool/README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ waitgroups, mutexes etc.., you just need to supply a callback function, that
 will be called once per each item in your input array.
 
 After all the work is done in parallel by the worker threads in the pool,
-pool.work_on_items will return. You can then call pool.get_results<Result>()
+pool.work_on_items will return. You can then call pool.get_results[Result]()
 to retrieve a list of all the results, that the worker callbacks returned
 for each input item. Example:
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub struct SResult {
 }
 
 fn sprocess(mut pp pool.PoolProcessor, idx int, wid int) &SResult {
-	item := pp.get_item<string>(idx)
+	item := pp.get_item[string](idx)
 	println('idx: ${idx}, wid: ${wid}, item: ' + item)
 	return &SResult{item.reverse()}
 }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn main() {
 	mut pp := pool.new_pool_processor(callback: sprocess)
 	pp.work_on_items(['1abc', '2abc', '3abc', '4abc', '5abc', '6abc', '7abc'])
 	// optionally, you can iterate over the results too:
-	for x in pp.get_results<SResult>() {
+	for x in pp.get_results[SResult]() {
 		println('result: ${x.s}')
 	}
 }

vlib/sync/pool/pool.v

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn (mut pool PoolProcessor) set_max_jobs(njobs int) {
 // by the number of available cores on the system.
 // work_on_items returns *after* all threads finish.
 // You can optionally call get_results after that.
-pub fn (mut pool PoolProcessor) work_on_items<T>(items []T) {
+pub fn (mut pool PoolProcessor) work_on_items[T](items []T) {
 	pool.work_on_pointers(unsafe { items.pointers() })
 }
 
@@ -117,18 +117,18 @@ fn process_in_thread(mut pool PoolProcessor, task_id int) {
 
 // get_item - called by the worker callback.
 // Retrieves a type safe instance of the currently processed item
-pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_item<T>(idx int) T {
+pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_item[T](idx int) T {
 	return *(&T(pool.items[idx]))
 }
 
 // get_result - called by the main thread to get a specific result.
 // Retrieves a type safe instance of the produced result.
-pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_result<T>(idx int) T {
+pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_result[T](idx int) T {
 	return *(&T(pool.results[idx]))
 }
 
 // get_results - get a list of type safe results in the main thread.
-pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_results<T>() []T {
+pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_results[T]() []T {
 	mut res := []T{cap: pool.results.len}
 	for i in 0 .. pool.results.len {
 		res << *(&T(pool.results[i]))
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_results<T>() []T {
 }
 
 // get_results_ref - get a list of type safe results in the main thread.
-pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_results_ref<T>() []&T {
+pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_results_ref[T]() []&T {
 	mut res := []&T{cap: pool.results.len}
 	for i in 0 .. pool.results.len {
 		res << &T(pool.results[i])

vlib/sync/pool/pool_test.v

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ pub struct IResult {
 }
 
 fn worker_s(mut p pool.PoolProcessor, idx int, worker_id int) &SResult {
-	item := p.get_item<string>(idx)
+	item := p.get_item[string](idx)
 	println('worker_s worker_id: ${worker_id} | idx: ${idx} | item: ${item}')
 	time.sleep(3 * time.millisecond)
 	return &SResult{'${item} ${item}'}
 }
 
 fn worker_i(mut p pool.PoolProcessor, idx int, worker_id int) &IResult {
-	item := p.get_item<int>(idx)
+	item := p.get_item[int](idx)
 	println('worker_i worker_id: ${worker_id} | idx: ${idx} | item: ${item}')
 	time.sleep(5 * time.millisecond)
 	return &IResult{item * 1000}
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ fn test_work_on_strings() {
 	)
 
 	pool_s.work_on_items(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])
-	for x in pool_s.get_results<SResult>() {
+	for x in pool_s.get_results[SResult]() {
 		println(x.s)
 		assert x.s.len > 1
 	}
 	println('---------- pool_s.get_results_ref: --------------')
-	for x in pool_s.get_results_ref<SResult>() {
+	for x in pool_s.get_results_ref[SResult]() {
 		println(x.s)
 		assert x.s.len > 1
 	}
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ fn test_work_on_ints() {
 	)
 
 	pool_i.work_on_items([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
-	for x in pool_i.get_results<IResult>() {
+	for x in pool_i.get_results[IResult]() {
 		println(x.i)
 		assert x.i > 100
 	}
 	println('---------- pool_i.get_results_ref: --------------')
-	for x in pool_i.get_results_ref<IResult>() {
+	for x in pool_i.get_results_ref[IResult]() {
 		println(x.i)
 		assert x.i > 100
 	}

vlib/sync/select_close_test.v

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ fn do_send_i64(mut ch Channel) {
 }
 
 fn test_select() {
-	mut chi := new_channel<int>(0)
-	mut chl := new_channel<i64>(1)
-	mut chb := new_channel<u8>(10)
-	mut recch := new_channel<i64>(0)
+	mut chi := new_channel[int](0)
+	mut chl := new_channel[i64](1)
+	mut chb := new_channel[u8](10)
+	mut recch := new_channel[i64](0)
 	spawn do_rec_i64(mut recch)
 	spawn do_send_int(mut chi)
 	spawn do_send_u8(mut chb)

vlib/toml/any.v

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ fn (a Any) value_(value Any, key []string) Any {
 
 // reflect returns `T` with `T.<field>`'s value set to the
 // value of any 1st level TOML key by the same name.
-pub fn (a Any) reflect<T>() T {
+pub fn (a Any) reflect[T]() T {
 	mut reflected := T{}
 	$for field in T.fields {
 		mut toml_field_name := field.name

vlib/toml/tests/encode_and_decode_test.v

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ fn (mut e Employee) from_toml(any toml.Any) {
 
 fn test_encode_and_decode() {
 	x := Employee{'Peter', 28, 95000.5, true, .worker}
-	s := toml.encode<Employee>(x)
+	s := toml.encode[Employee](x)
 	eprintln('Employee x: ${s}')
 	assert s == r'name = "Peter"
 age = 28
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ salary = 95000.5
 is_human = true
 title = 2'
 
-	y := toml.decode<Employee>(s) or {
+	y := toml.decode[Employee](s) or {
 		println(err)
 		assert false
 		return

vlib/toml/tests/reflect_test.v

@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ mut:
 fn test_reflect() {
 	toml_doc := toml.parse_text(toml_text) or { panic(err) }
 
-	mut user := toml_doc.reflect<User>()
-	user.bio = toml_doc.value('bio').reflect<Bio>()
-	user.remap = toml_doc.value('field_remap').reflect<FieldRemap>()
+	mut user := toml_doc.reflect[User]()
+	user.bio = toml_doc.value('bio').reflect[Bio]()
+	user.remap = toml_doc.value('field_remap').reflect[FieldRemap]()
 
 	assert user.name == 'Tom'
 	assert user.age == 45

vlib/toml/toml.v

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct Null {
 }
 
 // decode decodes a TOML `string` into the target type `T`.
-pub fn decode<T>(toml_txt string) !T {
+pub fn decode[T](toml_txt string) !T {
 	doc := parse_text(toml_txt)!
 	mut typ := T{}
 	typ.from_toml(doc.to_any())
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub fn decode<T>(toml_txt string) !T {
 
 // encode encodes the type `T` into a TOML string.
 // Currently encode expects the method `.to_toml()` exists on `T`.
-pub fn encode<T>(typ T) string {
+pub fn encode[T](typ T) string {
 	return typ.to_toml()
 }
 
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ pub fn (d Doc) to_any() Any {
 
 // reflect returns `T` with `T.<field>`'s value set to the
 // value of any 1st level TOML key by the same name.
-pub fn (d Doc) reflect<T>() T {
-	return d.to_any().reflect<T>()
+pub fn (d Doc) reflect[T]() T {
+	return d.to_any().reflect[T]()
 }
 
 // value queries a value from the TOML document.

vlib/v/ast/str.v

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn stringify_fn_after_name(node &FnDecl, mut f strings.Builder, t &Table, cur_mo
 			}
 		}
 		if add_para_types {
-			f.write_string('<')
+			f.write_string('[')
 			for i, gname in node.generic_names {
 				is_last := i == node.generic_names.len - 1
 				f.write_string(gname)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ fn stringify_fn_after_name(node &FnDecl, mut f strings.Builder, t &Table, cur_mo
 					f.write_string(', ')
 				}
 			}
-			f.write_string('>')
+			f.write_string(']')
 		}
 	}
 	f.write_string('(')

vlib/v/ast/table.v

@@ -898,8 +898,8 @@ pub fn (t &Table) array_cname(elem_type Type) string {
 	suffix := if elem_type.is_ptr() { '_ptr'.repeat(elem_type.nr_muls()) } else { '' }
 	opt := if elem_type.has_flag(.optional) { '_option_' } else { '' }
 	res := if elem_type.has_flag(.result) { '_result_' } else { '' }
-	if elem_type_sym.cname.contains('<') {
-		type_name := elem_type_sym.cname.replace_each(['<', '_T_', ', ', '_', '>', ''])
+	if elem_type_sym.cname.contains('[') {
+		type_name := elem_type_sym.cname.replace_each(['[', '_T_', ', ', '_', ']', ''])
 		return 'Array_${opt}${res}${type_name}${suffix}'
 	} else {
 		return 'Array_${opt}${res}${elem_type_sym.cname}${suffix}'
@@ -928,8 +928,8 @@ pub fn (t &Table) array_fixed_cname(elem_type Type, size int) string {
 	suffix := if elem_type.is_ptr() { '_ptr${elem_type.nr_muls()}' } else { '' }
 	opt := if elem_type.has_flag(.optional) { '_option_' } else { '' }
 	res := if elem_type.has_flag(.result) { '_result_' } else { '' }
-	if elem_type_sym.cname.contains('<') {
-		type_name := elem_type_sym.cname.replace_each(['<', '_T_', ', ', '_', '>', ''])
+	if elem_type_sym.cname.contains('[') {
+		type_name := elem_type_sym.cname.replace_each(['[', '_T_', ', ', '_', ']', ''])
 		return 'Array_fixed_${opt}${res}${type_name}${suffix}_${size}'
 	} else {
 		return 'Array_fixed_${opt}${res}${elem_type_sym.cname}${suffix}_${size}'
@@ -963,11 +963,11 @@ pub fn (t &Table) chan_cname(elem_type Type, is_mut bool) string {
 [inline]
 pub fn (t &Table) promise_name(return_type Type) string {
 	if return_type.idx() == void_type_idx {
-		return 'Promise<JS.Any,JS.Any>'
+		return 'Promise[JS.Any, JS.Any]'
 	}
 
 	return_type_sym := t.sym(return_type)
-	return 'Promise<${return_type_sym.name}, JS.Any>'
+	return 'Promise[${return_type_sym.name}, JS.Any]'
 }
 
 [inline]
@@ -1035,8 +1035,8 @@ pub fn (t &Table) map_cname(key_type Type, value_type Type) string {
 	suffix := if value_type.is_ptr() { '_ptr'.repeat(value_type.nr_muls()) } else { '' }
 	opt := if value_type.has_flag(.optional) { '_option_' } else { '' }
 	res := if value_type.has_flag(.result) { '_result_' } else { '' }
-	if value_type_sym.cname.contains('<') {
-		type_name := value_type_sym.cname.replace_each(['<', '_T_', ', ', '_', '>', ''])
+	if value_type_sym.cname.contains('[') {
+		type_name := value_type_sym.cname.replace_each(['[', '_T_', ', ', '_', ']', ''])
 		return 'Map_${key_type_sym.cname}_${opt}${res}${type_name}${suffix}'
 	} else {
 		return 'Map_${key_type_sym.cname}_${opt}${res}${value_type_sym.cname}${suffix}'
@@ -1707,7 +1707,7 @@ pub fn (mut t Table) resolve_generic_to_concrete(generic_type Type, generic_name
 		}
 		Struct, Interface, SumType {
 			if sym.info.is_generic {
-				mut nrt := '${sym.name}<'
+				mut nrt := '${sym.name}['
 				for i in 0 .. sym.info.generic_types.len {
 					if ct := t.resolve_generic_to_concrete(sym.info.generic_types[i],
 						generic_names, concrete_types)
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ pub fn (mut t Table) resolve_generic_to_concrete(generic_type Type, generic_name
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				nrt += '>'
+				nrt += ']'
 				mut idx := t.type_idxs[nrt]
 				if idx == 0 {
 					idx = t.add_placeholder_type(nrt, .v)
@@ -1839,7 +1839,7 @@ pub fn (mut t Table) unwrap_generic_type(typ Type, generic_names []string, concr
 			if !ts.info.is_generic {
 				return typ
 			}
-			nrt = '${ts.name}<'
+			nrt = '${ts.name}['
 			c_nrt = '${ts.cname}_T_'
 			for i in 0 .. ts.info.generic_types.len {
 				if ct := t.resolve_generic_to_concrete(ts.info.generic_types[i], generic_names,
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ pub fn (mut t Table) unwrap_generic_type(typ Type, generic_names []string, concr
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			nrt += '>'
+			nrt += ']'
 			idx := t.type_idxs[nrt]
 			if idx != 0 && t.type_symbols[idx].kind != .placeholder {
 				return new_type(idx).derive(typ).clear_flag(.generic)

vlib/v/ast/types.v

@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ pub fn (mytable &Table) type_to_code(t Type) string {
 // clean type name from generics form. From Type<int> -> Type
 pub fn (t &Table) clean_generics_type_str(typ Type) string {
 	result := t.type_to_str(typ)
-	return result.all_before('<')
+	return result.all_before('[')
 }
 
 // import_aliases is a map of imported symbol aliases 'module.Type' => 'Type'
@@ -1263,14 +1263,14 @@ pub fn (t &Table) type_to_str_using_aliases(typ Type, import_aliases map[string]
 			if typ.has_flag(.generic) {
 				match sym.info {
 					Struct, Interface, SumType {
-						res += '<'
+						res += '['
 						for i, gtyp in sym.info.generic_types {
 							res += t.sym(gtyp).name
 							if i != sym.info.generic_types.len - 1 {
 								res += ', '
 							}
 						}
-						res += '>'
+						res += ']'
 					}
 					else {}
 				}
@@ -1284,15 +1284,15 @@ pub fn (t &Table) type_to_str_using_aliases(typ Type, import_aliases map[string]
 		}
 		.generic_inst {
 			info := sym.info as GenericInst
-			res = t.shorten_user_defined_typenames(sym.name.all_before('<'), import_aliases)
-			res += '<'
+			res = t.shorten_user_defined_typenames(sym.name.all_before('['), import_aliases)
+			res += '['
 			for i, ctyp in info.concrete_types {
 				res += t.type_to_str_using_aliases(ctyp, import_aliases)
 				if i != info.concrete_types.len - 1 {
 					res += ', '
 				}
 			}
-			res += '>'
+			res += ']'
 		}
 		.void {
 			if typ.has_flag(.optional) {
@@ -1441,8 +1441,8 @@ pub fn (t &TypeSymbol) symbol_name_except_generic() string {
 	mut embed_name := t.name
 	// remove generic part from name
 	// main.Abc<int> => main.Abc
-	if embed_name.contains('<') {
-		embed_name = embed_name.all_before('<')
+	if embed_name.contains('[') {
+		embed_name = embed_name.all_before('[')
 	}
 	return embed_name
 }
@@ -1452,8 +1452,8 @@ pub fn (t &TypeSymbol) embed_name() string {
 	mut embed_name := t.name.split('.').last()
 	// remove generic part from name
 	// Abc<int> => Abc
-	if embed_name.contains('<') {
-		embed_name = embed_name.split('<')[0]
+	if embed_name.contains('[') {
+		embed_name = embed_name.split('[')[0]
 	}
 	return embed_name
 }

vlib/v/builder/cbuilder/parallel_cc.v

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ fn parallel_cc(mut b builder.Builder, header string, res string, out_str string,
 }
 
 fn build_parallel_o_cb(mut p pool.PoolProcessor, idx int, wid int) voidptr {
-	postfix := p.get_item<string>(idx)
+	postfix := p.get_item[string](idx)
 	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
 	cmd := '${os.quoted_path(cbuilder.cc_compiler)} ${cbuilder.cc_cflags} -c -w -o out_${postfix}.o out_${postfix}.c'
 	res := os.execute(cmd)

vlib/v/checker/struct.v

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fn (mut c Checker) struct_decl(mut node ast.StructDecl) {
 				for name in embed_generic_names {
 					if name !in node_generic_names {
 						struct_generic_names := node_generic_names.join(', ')
-						c.error('generic type name `${name}` is not mentioned in struct `${node.name}<${struct_generic_names}>`',
+						c.error('generic type name `${name}` is not mentioned in struct `${node.name}[${struct_generic_names}]`',
 							embed.pos)
 					}
 				}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn (mut c Checker) struct_decl(mut node ast.StructDecl) {
 				}
 				if info.generic_types.len > 0 && !field.typ.has_flag(.generic)
 					&& info.concrete_types.len == 0 {
-					c.error('field `${field.name}` type is generic struct, must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo<T>, Foo<int>',
+					c.error('field `${field.name}` type is generic struct, must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo[T], Foo[int]',
 						field.type_pos)
 				}
 			}
@@ -162,14 +162,14 @@ fn (mut c Checker) struct_decl(mut node ast.StructDecl) {
 				for name in field_generic_names {
 					if name !in node_generic_names {
 						struct_generic_names := node_generic_names.join(', ')
-						c.error('generic type name `${name}` is not mentioned in struct `${node.name}<${struct_generic_names}>`',
+						c.error('generic type name `${name}` is not mentioned in struct `${node.name}[${struct_generic_names}]`',
 							field.type_pos)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		if node.generic_types.len == 0 && has_generic_types {
-			c.error('generic struct declaration must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo<T>',
+			c.error('generic struct declaration must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo[T]',
 				node.pos)
 		}
 	}
@@ -264,10 +264,10 @@ fn (mut c Checker) struct_init(mut node ast.StructInit) ast.Type {
 				}
 			} else {
 				if c.table.cur_concrete_types.len == 0 {
-					c.error('generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<int>',
+					c.error('generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[int]',
 						node.pos)
 				} else if node.generic_types.len == 0 {
-					c.error('generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>',
+					c.error('generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]',
 						node.pos)
 				} else if node.generic_types.len > 0
 					&& node.generic_types.len != struct_sym.info.generic_types.len {

vlib/v/checker/tests/check_err_msg_with_generics.out

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/check_err_msg_with_generics.vv:15:10: error: cannot cast struct `BSTree<Result<[]Token, Err<string>>>` to `int`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/check_err_msg_with_generics.vv:15:10: error: cannot cast struct `BSTree[Result[[]Token, Err[string]]]` to `int`
    13 | fn test_err_msg() {
-   14 |     typ := datatypes.BSTree<Result<[]Token, Err<string>>>{}
+   14 |     typ := datatypes.BSTree[Result[[]Token, Err[string]]]{}
    15 |     println(int(typ))
       |             ~~~~~~~~
    16 | }
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ vlib/datatypes/bstree.v:232:17: error: cannot append `T` to `[]T`
   232 |     result << node.value
       |                    ~~~~~
   233 |     bst.pre_order_traversal_helper(node.left, mut result)
-  234 |     bst.pre_order_traversal_helper(node.right, mut result)
+  234 |     bst.pre_order_traversal_helper(node.right, mut result)

vlib/v/checker/tests/check_err_msg_with_generics.vv

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import datatypes
 
-type Result<T, U> = Err<U> | Ok<T>
+type Result[T, U] = Err[U] | Ok[T]
 
-struct Ok<T> {
+struct Ok[T] {
 	value T
 }
 
-struct Err<U> {
+struct Err[U] {
 	value U
 }
 
 fn test_err_msg() {
-	typ := datatypes.BSTree<Result<[]Token, Err<string>>>{}
+	typ := datatypes.BSTree[Result[[]Token, Err[string]]]{}
 	println(int(typ))
 }

vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_interface_err.out

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_interface_err.vv:10:1: warning: unused variable: `i`
-    8 | 
+    8 |
     9 | s := Struct{7}
    10 | i := Interface(s)
       | ^
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_interface_err.vv:9:6: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<int>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_interface_err.vv:9:6: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[int]
     7 | }
-    8 | 
+    8 |
     9 | s := Struct{7}
       |      ~~~~~~~~~
    10 | i := Interface(s)
 vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_interface_err.vv:10:6: error: can not find method `method` on `Struct`, needed for interface: `Interface`
-    8 | 
+    8 |
     9 | s := Struct{7}
    10 | i := Interface(s)
       |      ~~~~~~~~~~~~

vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_sumtype_invalid_variant.out

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_sumtype_invalid_variant.vv:5:10: error: `MultiGeneric<bool, int, string>` has no variant `u64`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_sumtype_invalid_variant.vv:5:10: error: `MultiGeneric[bool, int, string]` has no variant `u64`
     3 | fn main() {
-    4 |     mut m := MultiGeneric<bool, int, string>(true)
+    4 |     mut m := MultiGeneric[bool, int, string](true)
     5 |     if m is u64 {
       |             ~~~
     6 |         println('hi')
     7 |     }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_sumtype_invalid_variant.vv:8:10: error: `MultiGeneric<bool, int, string>` has no variant `X`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_sumtype_invalid_variant.vv:8:10: error: `MultiGeneric[bool, int, string]` has no variant `X`
     6 |         println('hi')
     7 |     }
     8 |     if m is X {

vlib/v/checker/tests/generic_sumtype_invalid_variant.vv

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-type MultiGeneric<X, Y, Z> = X | Y | Z
+type MultiGeneric[X, Y, Z] = X | Y | Z
 
 fn main() {
-	mut m := MultiGeneric<bool, int, string>(true)
+	mut m := MultiGeneric[bool, int, string](true)
 	if m is u64 {
 		println('hi')
 	}

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_called_multi_args_mismatch.out

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_called_multi_args_mismatch.vv:3:13: error: cann
     3 |     foo_str(1, x)
       |                ^
     4 |
-    5 |     foo := Foo<int>{}
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_called_multi_args_mismatch.vv:6:11: error: cannot use `[]rune` as `string` in argument 1 to `Foo<int>.info`
+    5 |     foo := Foo[int]{}
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_called_multi_args_mismatch.vv:6:11: error: cannot use `[]rune` as `string` in argument 1 to `Foo[int].info`
     4 |
-    5 |     foo := Foo<int>{}
+    5 |     foo := Foo[int]{}
     6 |     foo.info(x)
       |              ^
     7 | }

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_called_multi_args_mismatch.vv

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ fn main() {
 	x := 'ab'.runes()[..1]
 	foo_str(1, x)
 
-	foo := Foo<int>{}
+	foo := Foo[int]{}
 	foo.info(x)
 }
 
-fn foo_str<T>(b T, a string) {
+fn foo_str[T](b T, a string) {
 }
 
-struct Foo<T> {
+struct Foo[T] {
 	t T
 }
 
-fn (f Foo<T>) info(a string) {
+fn (f Foo[T]) info(a string) {
 }

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_return_generic_struct_err.out

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_return_generic_struct_err.vv:13:32: error: return generic struct in fn declaration must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo<T>
    11 | }
    12 |
-   13 | pub fn new_channel_struct<T>() GenericChannelStruct {
+   13 | pub fn new_channel_struct[T]() GenericChannelStruct {
       |                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    14 |     d := GenericChannelStruct{
    15 |         ch: chan T{}
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_return_generic_struct_err.vv:14:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_return_generic_struct_err.vv:14:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
    12 |
-   13 | pub fn new_channel_struct<T>() GenericChannelStruct {
+   13 | pub fn new_channel_struct[T]() GenericChannelStruct {
    14 |     d := GenericChannelStruct{
       |          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    15 |         ch: chan T{}

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_fn_return_generic_struct_err.vv

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-struct GenericChannelStruct<T> {
+struct GenericChannelStruct[T] {
 	ch chan T
 }
 
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ struct Simple {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	new_channel_struct<Simple>()
+	new_channel_struct[Simple]()
 }
 
-pub fn new_channel_struct<T>() GenericChannelStruct {
+pub fn new_channel_struct[T]() GenericChannelStruct {
 	d := GenericChannelStruct{
 		ch: chan T{}
 	}

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_method_sumtype_arg_mismatch.out

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_method_sumtype_arg_mismatch.vv:56:13: error: cannot use `Maybe<string>` as `Maybe<int>` in argument 1 to `Maybe<int>.or`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_method_sumtype_arg_mismatch.vv:56:13: error: cannot use `Maybe[string]` as `Maybe[int]` in argument 1 to `Maybe[int].or`
    54 |     b := some('abc')
    55 |
    56 |     c := a.@or(b)

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_decl_no_mention_err.out

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_decl_no_mention_err.vv:4:2: error: generic type name `T` is not mentioned in struct `Foo<U>`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_decl_no_mention_err.vv:4:2: error: generic type name `T` is not mentioned in struct `Foo[U]`
     2 |
-    3 | struct Foo<U> {
-    4 |     Bar<T>
+    3 | struct Foo[U] {
+    4 |     Bar[T]
       |     ~~~~~~
     5 |     foo U
     6 |     bar P
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_decl_no_mention_err.vv:6:6: error: generic type name `P` is not mentioned in struct `Foo<U>`
-    4 |     Bar<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_decl_no_mention_err.vv:6:6: error: generic type name `P` is not mentioned in struct `Foo[U]`
+    4 |     Bar[T]
     5 |     foo U
     6 |     bar P
       |         ^

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_decl_no_mention_err.vv

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 fn main() {}
 
-struct Foo<U> {
-	Bar<T>
+struct Foo[U] {
+	Bar[T]
 	foo U
 	bar P
 }
 
-struct Bar<T> {
+struct Bar[T] {
 }

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_declaration_err.out

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_declaration_err.vv:5:1: error: generic struct declaration must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_declaration_err.vv:5:1: error: generic struct declaration must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo[T]
     3 | }
     4 |
     5 | struct MyGenericChannelStruct {
       | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-    6 |     GenericChannelStruct<T>
+    6 |     GenericChannelStruct[T]
     7 |     msg string

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_declaration_err.vv

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-struct GenericChannelStruct<T> {
+struct GenericChannelStruct[T] {
 	ch chan T
 }
 
 struct MyGenericChannelStruct {
-	GenericChannelStruct<T>
+	GenericChannelStruct[T]
 	msg string
 }
 
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ struct Simple {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	new_channel_struct<Simple>()
+	new_channel_struct[Simple]()
 }
 
-pub fn new_channel_struct<T>() GenericChannelStruct<T> {
-	d := GenericChannelStruct<T>{
+pub fn new_channel_struct[T]() GenericChannelStruct[T] {
+	d := GenericChannelStruct[T]{
 		ch: chan T{}
 	}
 

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.out

@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:30:24: error: expected
       |                           ~~
    31 |
    32 |     println(fun1.call(true))
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:32:20: error: cannot use `bool` as `int` in argument 1 to `Fun<fn (int) int>.call`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:32:20: error: cannot use `bool` as `int` in argument 1 to `Fun[fn (int) int].call`
    30 |     println(fun1.call(42, 43))
    31 |
    32 |     println(fun1.call(true))
       |                       ~~~~
    33 |     println(fun1.call('text'))
    34 |     println(fun1.call(22.2))
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:33:20: error: cannot use `string` as `int` in argument 1 to `Fun<fn (int) int>.call`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:33:20: error: cannot use `string` as `int` in argument 1 to `Fun[fn (int) int].call`
    31 |
    32 |     println(fun1.call(true))
    33 |     println(fun1.call('text'))
       |                       ~~~~~~
    34 |     println(fun1.call(22.2))
    35 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:34:20: error: cannot use `float literal` as `int` in argument 1 to `Fun<fn (int) int>.call`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_fn_args_err.vv:34:20: error: cannot use `float literal` as `int` in argument 1 to `Fun[fn (int) int].call`
    32 |     println(fun1.call(true))
    33 |     println(fun1.call('text'))
    34 |     println(fun1.call(22.2))

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_type_err.out

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_type_err.vv:4:9: error: field `next` type is generic struct, must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo<T>, Foo<int>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_field_type_err.vv:4:9: error: field `next` type is generic struct, must specify the generic type names, e.g. Foo[T], Foo[int]
     2 |     mut:
     3 |         value T
     4 |         next &LL = unsafe { 0 }

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.out

@@ -1,55 +1,55 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:58:8: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<int>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:58:8: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[int]
    56 |     ret = holder_call_12(neg, 3)
    57 |     assert ret == -3
    58 |     ret = FnHolder1{neg}.call(4)
       |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    59 |     assert ret == -4
    60 |
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:67:8: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<int>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:67:8: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[int]
    65 |     ret = holder_call_22(neg, 5)
    66 |     assert ret == -5
    67 |     ret = FnHolder2{neg}.call(6)
       |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    68 |     assert ret == -6
    69 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:22:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:22:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
    20 |
-   21 | fn holder_call_1<T>(func T, a int) int {
+   21 | fn holder_call_1[T](func T, a int) int {
    22 |     h := FnHolder1{func}
       |          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    23 |     return h.call(a)
    24 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:27:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:27:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
    25 |
-   26 | fn holder_call_2<T>(func T, a int) int {
+   26 | fn holder_call_2[T](func T, a int) int {
    27 |     h := FnHolder2{func}
       |          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    28 |     return h.call(a)
    29 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:33:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
-   31 | fn holder_call_11<T>(func T, a int) int {
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:33:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
+   31 | fn holder_call_11[T](func T, a int) int {
    32 |     f := func
    33 |     h := FnHolder1{f}
       |          ~~~~~~~~~~~~
    34 |     return h.call(a)
    35 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:39:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
-   37 | fn holder_call_21<T>(func T, a int) int {
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:39:7: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
+   37 | fn holder_call_21[T](func T, a int) int {
    38 |     f := func
    39 |     h := FnHolder2{f}
       |          ~~~~~~~~~~~~
    40 |     return h.call(a)
    41 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:44:9: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:44:9: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
    42 |
-   43 | fn holder_call_12<T>(func T, a int) int {
+   43 | fn holder_call_12[T](func T, a int) int {
    44 |     return FnHolder1{func}.call(a)
       |            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    45 | }
    46 |
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:48:9: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<T>
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv:48:9: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[T]
    46 |
-   47 | fn holder_call_22<T>(func T, a int) int {
+   47 | fn holder_call_22[T](func T, a int) int {
    48 |     return FnHolder2{func}.call(a)
       |            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    49 | }

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_struct_init_err.vv

@@ -2,49 +2,49 @@ fn neg(a int) int {
 	return -a
 }
 
-struct FnHolder1<T> {
+struct FnHolder1[T] {
 	func T
 }
 
-fn (self FnHolder1<T>) call(a int) int {
+fn (self FnHolder1[T]) call(a int) int {
 	return self.func(a)
 }
 
-struct FnHolder2<T> {
+struct FnHolder2[T] {
 	func fn (int) int
 }
 
-fn (self FnHolder2<T>) call(a int) int {
+fn (self FnHolder2[T]) call(a int) int {
 	return self.func(a)
 }
 
-fn holder_call_1<T>(func T, a int) int {
+fn holder_call_1[T](func T, a int) int {
 	h := FnHolder1{func}
 	return h.call(a)
 }
 
-fn holder_call_2<T>(func T, a int) int {
+fn holder_call_2[T](func T, a int) int {
 	h := FnHolder2{func}
 	return h.call(a)
 }
 
-fn holder_call_11<T>(func T, a int) int {
+fn holder_call_11[T](func T, a int) int {
 	f := func
 	h := FnHolder1{f}
 	return h.call(a)
 }
 
-fn holder_call_21<T>(func T, a int) int {
+fn holder_call_21[T](func T, a int) int {
 	f := func
 	h := FnHolder2{f}
 	return h.call(a)
 }
 
-fn holder_call_12<T>(func T, a int) int {
+fn holder_call_12[T](func T, a int) int {
 	return FnHolder1{func}.call(a)
 }
 
-fn holder_call_22<T>(func T, a int) int {
+fn holder_call_22[T](func T, a int) int {
 	return FnHolder2{func}.call(a)
 }
 

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_undefined_operation.out

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_undefined_operation.vv:12:5: error: undefined operation `V2d<int>` * `V2d<int>`
-   10 |     v3 := V2d<int>{4, 6}
+vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_undefined_operation.vv:12:5: error: undefined operation `V2d[int]` * `V2d[int]`
+   10 |     v3 := V2d[int]{4, 6}
    11 |
    12 |     if v1 * v2 == v3 {
       |        ~~~~~~~

vlib/v/checker/tests/generics_undefined_operation.vv

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-struct V2d<T> {
+struct V2d[T] {
 mut:
 	x T
 	y T
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	v1 := V2d<int>{2, 2}
-	v2 := V2d<int>{2, 3}
-	v3 := V2d<int>{4, 6}
+	v1 := V2d[int]{2, 2}
+	v2 := V2d[int]{2, 3}
+	v3 := V2d[int]{4, 6}
 
 	if v1 * v2 == v3 {
 	}

vlib/v/checker/tests/interface_generic_err.out

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ vlib/v/checker/tests/interface_generic_err.vv:8:1: warning: unused variable: `wh
     7 | what := What{}
     8 | why := Why(what)
       | ~~~
-vlib/v/checker/tests/interface_generic_err.vv:7:9: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo<int>
-    5 | 
+vlib/v/checker/tests/interface_generic_err.vv:7:9: error: generic struct init must specify type parameter, e.g. Foo[int]
+    5 |
     6 | // no segfault without generic
     7 | what := What{}
       |         ~~~~~~

vlib/v/checker/tests/interface_generic_err.vv

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-struct What<T> {}
+struct What[T] {}
 
 // with or without generic
-interface Why<T> {}
+interface Why[T] {}
 
 // no segfault without generic
 what := What{}

vlib/v/checker/tests/struct_cast_to_struct_generic_err.out

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 vlib/v/checker/tests/struct_cast_to_struct_generic_err.vv:11:7: warning: casting to struct is deprecated, use e.g. `Struct{...expr}` instead
     9 | fn main() {
-   10 |     abc := Abc<int>{}
+   10 |     abc := Abc[int]{}
    11 |     _ := Xyz(abc)
       |          ~~~~~~~~
    12 | }
-vlib/v/checker/tests/struct_cast_to_struct_generic_err.vv:11:7: error: cannot convert struct `Abc<int>` to struct `Xyz`
+vlib/v/checker/tests/struct_cast_to_struct_generic_err.vv:11:7: error: cannot convert struct `Abc[int]` to struct `Xyz`
     9 | fn main() {
-   10 |     abc := Abc<int>{}
+   10 |     abc := Abc[int]{}
    11 |     _ := Xyz(abc)
       |          ~~~~~~~~
    12 | }

vlib/v/checker/tests/struct_cast_to_struct_generic_err.vv

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-struct Abc<T> {
+struct Abc[T] {
 	name T
 }
 
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ struct Xyz {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	abc := Abc<int>{}
+	abc := Abc[int]{}
 	_ := Xyz(abc)
 }

vlib/v/checker/tests/undefined_type_on_sumtype.out

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 vlib/v/checker/tests/undefined_type_on_sumtype.vv:30:4: warning: unused variable: `rx`
    28 |     match r {
-   29 |         Some<ParseRes> {
+   29 |         Some[ParseRes] {
    30 |             rx := r.value
       |             ~~
    31 |         }
-   32 |         None<ParseRes> {}
+   32 |         None[ParseRes] {}
 vlib/v/checker/tests/undefined_type_on_sumtype.vv:1:17: error: unknown type `Token`.
-Did you mean `Ok<[]Token>`?
-    1 | type ParseRes = Result<[]Token, ParseErr>
+Did you mean `Ok[[]Token]`?
+    1 | type ParseRes = Result[[]Token, ParseErr]
       |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-    2 | 
+    2 |
     3 | // Token type is unknown

vlib/v/checker/tests/undefined_type_on_sumtype.vv

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
-type ParseRes = Result<[]Token, ParseErr>
+type ParseRes = Result[[]Token, ParseErr]
 
 // Token type is unknown
-//struct Token {}
+// struct Token {}
 
 struct ParseErr {}
 
-type Opt<T> = None<T> | Some<T>
+type Opt[T] = None[T] | Some[T]
 
-struct None<T> {}
+struct None[T] {}
 
-struct Some<T> {
+struct Some[T] {
 	value T
 }
 
-type Result<T, U> = Err<U> | Ok<T>
+type Result[T, U] = Err[U] | Ok[T]
 
-struct Ok<T> {
+struct Ok[T] {
 	value T
 }
 
-struct Err<U> {
+struct Err[U] {
 	value U
 }
 
 fn test_report() {
-	r := Opt<ParseRes>(None<ParseRes>{})
+	r := Opt[ParseRes](None[ParseRes]{})
 	match r {
-		Some<ParseRes> {
+		Some[ParseRes] {
 			rx := r.value
 		}
-		None<ParseRes> {}
+		None[ParseRes] {}
 	}
 }

vlib/v/fmt/fmt.v

@@ -201,10 +201,10 @@ fn (mut f Fmt) write_language_prefix(lang ast.Language) {
 
 fn (mut f Fmt) write_generic_types(gtypes []ast.Type) {
 	if gtypes.len > 0 {
-		f.write('<')
+		f.write('[')
 		gtypes_string := gtypes.map(f.table.type_to_str(it)).join(', ')
 		f.write(gtypes_string)
-		f.write('>')
+		f.write(']')
 	}
 }
 
@@ -248,14 +248,14 @@ pub fn (mut f Fmt) short_module(name string) string {
 	if name in f.mod2syms {
 		return f.mod2syms[name]
 	}
-	if name.ends_with('>') {
-		generic_levels := name.trim_string_right('>').split('<')
+	if name.ends_with(']') {
+		generic_levels := name.trim_string_right(']').split('[')
 		mut res := '${f.short_module(generic_levels[0])}'
 		for i in 1 .. generic_levels.len {
 			genshorts := generic_levels[i].split(', ').map(f.short_module(it)).join(', ')
-			res += '<${genshorts}'
+			res += '[${genshorts}'
 		}
-		res += '>'
+		res += ']'
 		return res
 	}
 	vals := name.split('.')
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ pub fn (mut f Fmt) mark_types_import_as_used(typ ast.Type) {
 			f.mark_types_import_as_used(concrete_typ)
 		}
 	}
-	name := sym.name.split('<')[0] // take `Type` from `Type<T>`
+	name := sym.name.split('[')[0] // take `Type` from `Type[T]`
 	f.mark_import_as_used(name)
 }
 
@@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ pub fn (mut f Fmt) call_expr(node ast.CallExpr) {
 
 fn (mut f Fmt) write_generic_call_if_require(node ast.CallExpr) {
 	if node.concrete_types.len > 0 {
-		f.write('<')
+		f.write('[')
 		for i, concrete_type in node.concrete_types {
 			mut name := f.table.type_to_str_using_aliases(concrete_type, f.mod2alias)
 			tsym := f.table.sym(concrete_type)
@@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ fn (mut f Fmt) write_generic_call_if_require(node ast.CallExpr) {
 				f.write(', ')
 			}
 		}
-		f.write('>')
+		f.write(']')
 	}
 }
 

vlib/v/fmt/tests/comptime_field_selector_keep.vv

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn (f Foo) print() {
 	println('test')
 }
 
-fn test<T>() {
+fn test[T]() {
 	mut t := T{}
 	t.name = '2'
 	$for f in T.fields {
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ fn test<T>() {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-	test<Foo>()
+	test[Foo]()
 }