arrays: add binary_search, lower_bound, and upper_bound array operations (#12045)

vlib/arrays/arrays_test.v

@@ -194,3 +194,27 @@ fn test_concat_string() {
 
 	assert concat(a, ...b) == ['1', '2', '3', '3', '2', '1']
 }
+
+fn test_binary_search() ? {
+	a := [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10]
+	assert binary_search(a, 3) ? == 1
+	assert (binary_search(a, 0) or { -1 }) == -1
+}
+
+fn test_lower_bound() ? {
+	a := [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10]
+	b := []int{}
+	c := [1, 2, 3]
+	assert lower_bound(a, 2) ? == 3
+	assert (lower_bound(b, 4) or { -1 }) == -1
+	assert lower_bound(c, 3) ? == 3
+}
+
+fn test_upper_bound() ? {
+	a := [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10]
+	b := []int{}
+	c := [1, 2, 3]
+	assert upper_bound(a, 9) ? == 8
+	assert (upper_bound(b, 4) or { -1 }) == -1
+	assert upper_bound(c, 2) ? == 2
+}