module sync
// * Goal: this file provides a convenient way to run identical tasks over a list
// * of items in parallel, without worrying about waitgroups, mutexes and so on.
// *
// * Usage example:
// *   pool := sync.new_pool_processor({ callback: worker_cb })
// *   //pool.work_on_items<string>(['a','b','c']) // TODO: vfmt and generics
// *   pool.work_on_pointers(['a','b','c'].pointers())
// *   // optionally, you can iterate over the results too:
// *   for x in pool.get_results<IResult>() {
// *       // do stuff with x
// *   }
// *
// * See https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/sync/pool_test.v for a
// * more detailed usage example.
// *
// * After all the work is done in parallel by the worker threads in the pool,
// * pool.work_on_items will return, and you can then call
// * pool.get_results<Result>() to retrieve a list of all the results,
// * that the worker callbacks returned for each item that you passed.
// * The parameters of new_pool_processor are:
// *   context.maxjobs: when 0 (the default), the PoolProcessor will use an
// *       optimal for your system number of threads to process your items
// *   context.callback: this should be a callback function, that each worker
// *       thread in the pool will run for each item.
// *       The callback function will receive as parameters:
// *       1) the PoolProcessor instance, so it can call
// *             p.get_item<int>(idx) to get the actual item at index idx
// *             NB: for now, you are better off calling p.get_string_item(idx)
// *                 or p.get_int_item(idx) ; TODO: vfmt and generics
// *       2) idx - the index of the currently processed item
// *       3) task_id - the index of the worker thread in which the callback
// *             function is running.
import runtime

pub const (
	no_result = voidptr(0)
)

pub struct PoolProcessor {
	thread_cb       voidptr
mut:
	njobs           int
	items           []voidptr
	results         []voidptr
	ntask           int // writing to this should be locked by ntask_mtx.
	ntask_mtx       &sync.Mutex
	waitgroup       &sync.WaitGroup
	shared_context  voidptr
	thread_contexts []voidptr
}

pub type ThreadCB fn(p &PoolProcessor, idx int, task_id int)voidptr

pub struct PoolProcessorConfig {
	maxjobs  int
	callback ThreadCB
}

// new_pool_processor returns a new PoolProcessor instance.
pub fn new_pool_processor(context PoolProcessorConfig) &PoolProcessor {
	if isnil(context.callback) {
		panic('You need to pass a valid callback to new_pool_processor.')
	}
	// TODO: remove this call.
	// It prevents a V warning about unused module runtime.
	runtime.nr_jobs()
	pool := &PoolProcessor {
		items: []
		results: []
		shared_context: voidptr(0)
		thread_contexts: []
		njobs: context.maxjobs
		ntask: 0
		ntask_mtx: sync.new_mutex()
		waitgroup: sync.new_waitgroup()
		thread_cb: context.callback
	}
	return pool
}

// set_max_jobs gives you the ability to override the number
// of jobs *after* the PoolProcessor had been created already.
pub fn (pool mut PoolProcessor) set_max_jobs(njobs int) {
	pool.njobs = njobs
}

// work_on_items receives a list of items of type T,
// then starts a work pool of pool.njobs threads, each running
// pool.thread_cb in a loop, untill all items in the list,
// are processed.
// When pool.njobs is 0, the number of jobs is determined
// by the number of available cores on the system.
// work_on_items returns *after* all threads finish.
// You can optionally call get_results after that.
pub fn (pool mut PoolProcessor) work_on_items<T>(items []T) {
	pool.work_on_pointers( items.pointers() )
}

pub fn (pool mut PoolProcessor) work_on_pointers(items []voidptr) {
	mut njobs := runtime.nr_jobs()
	if pool.njobs > 0 {
		njobs = pool.njobs
	}
	pool.items = []
	pool.results = []
	pool.thread_contexts = []
	pool.items << items
	pool.results = [voidptr(0)].repeat(pool.items.len)
	pool.thread_contexts << [voidptr(0)].repeat(pool.items.len)
	pool.waitgroup.add(njobs)
	for i := 0; i < njobs; i++ {
		go process_in_thread(pool,i)
	}
	pool.waitgroup.wait()
}

// process_in_thread does the actual work of worker thread.
// It is a workaround for the current inability to pass a
// method in a callback.
fn process_in_thread(pool mut PoolProcessor, task_id int) {
	cb := ThreadCB(pool.thread_cb)
	mut idx := 0
	ilen := pool.items.len
	for {
		if pool.ntask >= ilen {
			break
		}
		pool.ntask_mtx.lock()
		idx = pool.ntask
		pool.ntask++
		pool.ntask_mtx.unlock()
		pool.results[idx] = cb(pool, idx, task_id)
	}
	pool.waitgroup.done()
}

// get_item - called by the worker callback.
// Retrieves a type safe instance of the currently processed item
pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_item<T>(idx int) T {
	return *(&T(pool.items[idx]))
}

// get_string_item - called by the worker callback. 
// It does not use generics so it does not mess up vfmt.
// TODO: remove the need for this when vfmt becomes smarter.
pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_string_item(idx int) string {
	return *(&string(pool.items[idx]))
}

// get_int_item - called by the worker callback. 
// It does not use generics so it does not mess up vfmt. 
// TODO: remove the need for this when vfmt becomes smarter.
pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_int_item(idx int) int {
	return *(&int(pool.items[idx]))
}

pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_result<T>(idx int) T {
	return *(&T(pool.results[idx]))
}

// get_results - can be called to get a list of type safe results.
pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_results<T>() []T {
	mut res := []T
	for i in 0 .. pool.results.len {
		res << *(&T(pool.results[i]))
	}
	return res
}

// set_shared_context - can be called during the setup so that you can
// provide a context that is shared between all worker threads, like
// common options/settings.
pub fn (pool mut PoolProcessor) set_shared_context(context voidptr) {
	pool.shared_context = context
}

// get_shared_context - can be called in each worker callback, to get
// the context set by pool.set_shared_context
pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_shared_context() voidptr {
	return pool.shared_context
}

// set_thread_context - can be called during the setup at the start of
// each worker callback, so that the worker callback can have some thread
// local storage area where it can write/read information that is private
// to the given thread, without worrying that it will get overwritten by
// another thread
pub fn (pool mut PoolProcessor) set_thread_context(idx int, context voidptr) {
	pool.thread_contexts[idx] = context
}

// get_thread_context - returns a pointer, that was set with
// pool.set_thread_context . This pointer is private to each thread.
pub fn (pool &PoolProcessor) get_thread_context(idx int) voidptr {
	return pool.thread_contexts[idx]
}