// // Author: Jonathan Blow // Version: 1 // Date: 31 August, 2018 // // This code is released under the MIT license, which you can find at // // https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT // // // // See the comments for how to use this library just below the includes. // // // NOTE(Kalinovcic): I have translated the original implementation to C, // and made a preprocessor define that enables people to include it without // the implementation, just as a header. // // I also fixed two bugs: // - If COM initialization for VS2017 fails, we actually properly continue // searching for earlier versions in the registry. // - For earlier versions, the code now returns the "bin\amd64" VS directory. // Previously it was returning the "bin" directory, which is for x86 stuff. // // To include the implementation, before including microsoft_craziness.h, // define: // // #define MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_IMPLEMENTATION // #include "microsoft_craziness.h" // #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #ifndef MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_HEADER_GUARD #define MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_HEADER_GUARD #ifdef _WIN32 #include typedef struct { int windows_sdk_version; // Zero if no Windows SDK found. wchar_t *windows_sdk_root; wchar_t *windows_sdk_um_library_path; wchar_t *windows_sdk_ucrt_library_path; wchar_t *vs_exe_path; wchar_t *vs_library_path; } Find_Result; Find_Result *find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk(); void free_resources(Find_Result *result); // Emily: wide_string_to_narrow_string_facepalm char *wide_string_to_narrow_temp(wchar_t *); #endif #endif // MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_HEADER_GUARD // // HOW TO USE THIS CODE // // The purpose of this file is to find the folders that contain libraries // you may need to link against, on Windows, if you are linking with any // compiled C or C++ code. This will be necessary for many non-C++ programming // language environments that want to provide compatibility. // // We find the place where the Visual Studio libraries live (for example, // libvcruntime.lib), where the linker and compiler executables live // (for example, link.exe), and where the Windows SDK libraries reside // (kernel32.lib, libucrt.lib). // // We all wish you didn't have to worry about so many weird dependencies, // but we don't really have a choice about this, sadly. // // I don't claim that this is the absolute best way to solve this problem, // and so far we punt on things (if you have multiple versions of Visual Studio // installed, we return the first one, rather than the newest). But it // will solve the basic problem for you as simply as I know how to do it, // and because there isn't too much code here, it's easy to modify and expand. // // // Here is the API you need to know about: // // // Call find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk, look at the resulting // paths, then call free_resources on the result. // // Everything else in this file is implementation details that you // don't need to care about. // // // This file was about 400 lines before we started adding these comments. // You might think that's way too much code to do something as simple // as finding a few library and executable paths. I agree. However, // Microsoft's own solution to this problem, called "vswhere", is a // mere EIGHT THOUSAND LINE PROGRAM, spread across 70 files, // that they posted to github *unironically*. // // I am not making this up: https://github.com/Microsoft/vswhere // // Several people have therefore found the need to solve this problem // themselves. We referred to some of these other solutions when // figuring out what to do, most prominently ziglang's version, // by Ryan Saunderson. // // I hate this kind of code. The fact that we have to do this at all // is stupid, and the actual maneuvers we need to go through // are just painful. If programming were like this all the time, // I would quit. // // Because this is such an absurd waste of time, I felt it would be // useful to package the code in an easily-reusable way, in the // style of the stb libraries. We haven't gone as all-out as some // of the stb libraries do (which compile in C with no includes, often). // For this version you need C++ and the headers at the top of the file. // // We return the strings as Windows wide character strings. Aesthetically // I don't like that (I think most sane programs are UTF-8 internally), // but apparently, not all valid Windows file paths can even be converted // correctly to UTF-8. So have fun with that. It felt safest and simplest // to stay with wchar_t since all of this code is fully ensconced in // Windows crazy-land. // // One other shortcut I took is that this is hardcoded to return the // folders for x64 libraries. If you want x86 or arm, you can make // slight edits to the code below, or, if enough people want this, // I can work it in here. // #ifdef MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_IMPLEMENTATION #ifndef MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_IMPLEMENTATION_GUARD #define MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_IMPLEMENTATION_GUARD #ifdef _WIN32 #include // For _get_osfhandle #include #include #include #include void free_resources(Find_Result *result) { free(result->windows_sdk_root); free(result->windows_sdk_um_library_path); free(result->windows_sdk_ucrt_library_path); free(result->vs_exe_path); free(result->vs_library_path); } // COM objects for the ridiculous Microsoft craziness. #undef INTERFACE #define INTERFACE ISetupInstance DECLARE_INTERFACE_(ISetupInstance, IUnknown) { BEGIN_INTERFACE // IUnknown methods STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID, void **) PURE; STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)(THIS) PURE; STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)(THIS) PURE; // ISetupInstance methods STDMETHOD(GetInstanceId)(THIS_ _Out_ BSTR * pbstrInstanceId) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetInstallDate)(THIS_ _Out_ LPFILETIME pInstallDate) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetInstallationName)(THIS_ _Out_ BSTR * pbstrInstallationName) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetInstallationPath)(THIS_ _Out_ BSTR * pbstrInstallationPath) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetInstallationVersion) (THIS_ _Out_ BSTR * pbstrInstallationVersion) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetDisplayName) (THIS_ _In_ LCID lcid, _Out_ BSTR * pbstrDisplayName) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetDescription) (THIS_ _In_ LCID lcid, _Out_ BSTR * pbstrDescription) PURE; STDMETHOD(ResolvePath) (THIS_ _In_opt_z_ LPCOLESTR pwszRelativePath, _Out_ BSTR * pbstrAbsolutePath) PURE; END_INTERFACE }; #undef INTERFACE #define INTERFACE IEnumSetupInstances DECLARE_INTERFACE_(IEnumSetupInstances, IUnknown) { BEGIN_INTERFACE // IUnknown methods STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID, void **) PURE; STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)(THIS) PURE; STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)(THIS) PURE; // IEnumSetupInstances methods STDMETHOD(Next) (THIS_ _In_ ULONG celt, _Out_writes_to_(celt, *pceltFetched) ISetupInstance * *rgelt, _Out_opt_ _Deref_out_range_(0, celt) ULONG * pceltFetched) PURE; STDMETHOD(Skip)(THIS_ _In_ ULONG celt) PURE; STDMETHOD(Reset)(THIS) PURE; STDMETHOD(Clone)(THIS_ IEnumSetupInstances * *ppenum) PURE; END_INTERFACE }; #undef INTERFACE #define INTERFACE ISetupConfiguration DECLARE_INTERFACE_(ISetupConfiguration, IUnknown) { BEGIN_INTERFACE // IUnknown methods STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID, void **) PURE; STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)(THIS) PURE; STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)(THIS) PURE; // ISetupConfiguration methods STDMETHOD(EnumInstances) (THIS_ _Out_ IEnumSetupInstances * *ppEnumInstances) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetInstanceForCurrentProcess) (THIS_ _Out_ ISetupInstance * *ppInstance) PURE; STDMETHOD(GetInstanceForPath) (THIS_ _In_z_ LPCWSTR wzPath, _Out_ ISetupInstance * *ppInstance) PURE; END_INTERFACE }; #ifdef __cplusplus #define CALL_STDMETHOD(object, method, ...) object->method(__VA_ARGS__) #define CALL_STDMETHOD_(object, method) object->method() #else #define CALL_STDMETHOD(object, method, ...) \ object->lpVtbl->method(object, __VA_ARGS__) #define CALL_STDMETHOD_(object, method) object->lpVtbl->method(object) #endif // The beginning of the actual code that does things. typedef struct { int32_t best_version[4]; // For Windows 8 versions, only two of these numbers // are used. wchar_t *best_name; } Version_Data; bool os_file_exists(wchar_t *name) { // @Robustness: What flags do we really want to check here? auto attrib = GetFileAttributesW(name); if (attrib == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) return false; if (attrib & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) return false; return true; } #define concat2(a, b) concat(a, b, NULL, NULL) #define concat3(a, b, c) concat(a, b, c, NULL) #define concat4(a, b, c, d) concat(a, b, c, d) wchar_t *concat(wchar_t *a, wchar_t *b, wchar_t *c, wchar_t *d) { // Concatenate up to 4 wide strings together. Allocated with malloc. // If you don't like that, use a programming language that actually // helps you with using custom allocators. Or just edit the code. auto len_a = wcslen(a); auto len_b = wcslen(b); auto len_c = 0; if (c) len_c = wcslen(c); auto len_d = 0; if (d) len_d = wcslen(d); wchar_t *result = (wchar_t *)malloc((len_a + len_b + len_c + len_d + 1) * 2); memcpy(result, a, len_a * 2); memcpy(result + len_a, b, len_b * 2); if (c) memcpy(result + len_a + len_b, c, len_c * 2); if (d) memcpy(result + len_a + len_b + len_c, d, len_d * 2); result[len_a + len_b + len_c + len_d] = 0; return result; } typedef void (*Visit_Proc_W)(wchar_t *short_name, wchar_t *full_name, Version_Data *data); bool visit_files_w(wchar_t *dir_name, Version_Data *data, Visit_Proc_W proc) { // Visit everything in one folder (non-recursively). If it's a directory // that doesn't start with ".", call the visit proc on it. The visit proc // will see if the filename conforms to the expected versioning pattern. WIN32_FIND_DATAW find_data; wchar_t *wildcard_name = concat2(dir_name, L"\\*"); HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wildcard_name, &find_data); free(wildcard_name); if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false; while (true) { if ((find_data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) && (find_data.cFileName[0] != '.')) { wchar_t *full_name = concat3(dir_name, L"\\", find_data.cFileName); proc(find_data.cFileName, full_name, data); free(full_name); } BOOL success = FindNextFileW(handle, &find_data); if (!success) break; } FindClose(handle); return true; } wchar_t *find_windows_kit_root_with_key(HKEY key, wchar_t *version) { // Given a key to an already opened registry entry, // get the value stored under the 'version' subkey. // If that's not the right terminology, hey, I never do registry stuff. DWORD required_length; auto rc = RegQueryValueExW(key, version, NULL, NULL, NULL, &required_length); if (rc != 0) return NULL; DWORD length = required_length + 2; // The +2 is for the maybe optional zero later on. // Probably we are over-allocating. wchar_t *value = (wchar_t *)malloc(length); if (!value) return NULL; rc = RegQueryValueExW(key, version, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)value, &length); // We know that version is zero-terminated... if (rc != 0) return NULL; // The documentation says that if the string for some reason was not stored // with zero-termination, we need to manually terminate it. Sigh!! if (value[required_length / 2 - 1]) { value[required_length / 2] = 0; } return value; } void win10_best(wchar_t *short_name, wchar_t *full_name, Version_Data *data) { // Find the Windows 10 subdirectory with the highest version number. int i0, i1, i2, i3; auto success = swscanf_s(short_name, L"%d.%d.%d.%d", &i0, &i1, &i2, &i3); if (success < 4) return; if (i0 < data->best_version[0]) return; else if (i0 == data->best_version[0]) { if (i1 < data->best_version[1]) return; else if (i1 == data->best_version[1]) { if (i2 < data->best_version[2]) return; else if (i2 == data->best_version[2]) { if (i3 < data->best_version[3]) return; } } } // we have to copy_string and free here because visit_files free's the // full_name string after we execute this function, so Win*_Data would contain // an invalid pointer. if (data->best_name) free(data->best_name); data->best_name = _wcsdup(full_name); if (data->best_name) { data->best_version[0] = i0; data->best_version[1] = i1; data->best_version[2] = i2; data->best_version[3] = i3; } } void win8_best(wchar_t *short_name, wchar_t *full_name, Version_Data *data) { // Find the Windows 8 subdirectory with the highest version number. int i0, i1; auto success = swscanf_s(short_name, L"winv%d.%d", &i0, &i1); if (success < 2) return; if (i0 < data->best_version[0]) return; else if (i0 == data->best_version[0]) { if (i1 < data->best_version[1]) return; } // we have to copy_string and free here because visit_files free's the // full_name string after we execute this function, so Win*_Data would contain // an invalid pointer. if (data->best_name) free(data->best_name); data->best_name = _wcsdup(full_name); if (data->best_name) { data->best_version[0] = i0; data->best_version[1] = i1; } } void find_windows_kit_root(Find_Result *result) { // Information about the Windows 10 and Windows 8 development kits // is stored in the same place in the registry. We open a key // to that place, first checking preferntially for a Windows 10 kit, // then, if that's not found, a Windows 8 kit. HKEY main_key; LSTATUS rc = RegOpenKeyExA( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows Kits\\Installed Roots", 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_WOW64_32KEY | KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS, &main_key); if (rc != S_OK) return; // Look for a Windows 10 entry. wchar_t *windows10_root = find_windows_kit_root_with_key(main_key, L"KitsRoot10"); if (windows10_root) { wchar_t *windows10_lib = concat2(windows10_root, L"Lib"); free(windows10_root); Version_Data data = {0}; visit_files_w(windows10_lib, &data, win10_best); free(windows10_lib); if (data.best_name) { result->windows_sdk_version = 10; result->windows_sdk_root = data.best_name; RegCloseKey(main_key); return; } } // Look for a Windows 8 entry. wchar_t *windows8_root = find_windows_kit_root_with_key(main_key, L"KitsRoot81"); if (windows8_root) { wchar_t *windows8_lib = concat2(windows8_root, L"Lib"); free(windows8_root); Version_Data data = {0}; visit_files_w(windows8_lib, &data, win8_best); free(windows8_lib); if (data.best_name) { result->windows_sdk_version = 8; result->windows_sdk_root = data.best_name; RegCloseKey(main_key); return; } } // If we get here, we failed to find anything. RegCloseKey(main_key); } bool find_visual_studio_2017_by_fighting_through_microsoft_craziness( Find_Result *result) { HRESULT rc = CoInitialize(NULL); // "Subsequent valid calls return false." So ignore false. // if rc != S_OK return false; GUID my_uid = {0x42843719, 0xDB4C, 0x46C2, {0x8E, 0x7C, 0x64, 0xF1, 0x81, 0x6E, 0xFD, 0x5B}}; GUID CLSID_SetupConfiguration = { 0x177F0C4A, 0x1CD3, 0x4DE7, {0xA3, 0x2C, 0x71, 0xDB, 0xBB, 0x9F, 0xA3, 0x6D}}; ISetupConfiguration *config = NULL; // NOTE(Kalinovcic): This is so stupid... These functions take references, so // the code is different for C and C++...... #ifdef __cplusplus HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SetupConfiguration, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, my_uid, (void **)&config); #else HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_SetupConfiguration, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, &my_uid, (void **)&config); #endif if (hr != 0) return false; IEnumSetupInstances *instances = NULL; hr = CALL_STDMETHOD(config, EnumInstances, &instances); CALL_STDMETHOD_(config, Release); if (hr != 0) return false; if (!instances) return false; // SetupInstance will return the installations in the order they were made // - this results in 2017 being got before 2019 and we dont want this // so get all the installations first, parse the versions and pick the best BSTR best_path = NULL; Version_Data best_version; best_version.best_name = NULL; bool found_visual_studio_2017 = false; while (1) { ULONG found = 0; ISetupInstance *instance = NULL; HRESULT hr = CALL_STDMETHOD(instances, Next, 1, &instance, &found); if (hr != S_OK) break; BSTR vs_version; hr = CALL_STDMETHOD(instance, GetInstallationVersion, &vs_version); win10_best(vs_version, vs_version, &best_version); BSTR bstr_inst_path; hr = CALL_STDMETHOD(instance, GetInstallationPath, &bstr_inst_path); CALL_STDMETHOD_(instance, Release); if (hr != S_OK) continue; // Do this here to get instance->Release() called if (lstrcmpW(best_version.best_name, vs_version)) continue; best_path = bstr_inst_path; } if (best_path == NULL) goto failed; // result->vs_root_path = _wcsdup(best_path); wchar_t *tools_filename = concat2(best_path, L"\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"); FILE *f; errno_t open_result = _wfopen_s(&f, tools_filename, L"rt"); free(tools_filename); if (open_result != 0) return false; if (!f) return false; LARGE_INTEGER tools_file_size; HANDLE file_handle = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(_fileno(f)); BOOL success = GetFileSizeEx(file_handle, &tools_file_size); if (!success) { fclose(f); return false; } uint64_t version_bytes = (tools_file_size.QuadPart + 1) * 2; // Warning: This multiplication by 2 presumes there is no // variable-length encoding in the wchars (wacky characters in the file // could betray this expectation). wchar_t *version = (wchar_t *)malloc(version_bytes); wchar_t *read_result = fgetws(version, version_bytes, f); fclose(f); if (!read_result) return false; wchar_t *version_tail = wcschr(version, '\n'); if (version_tail) *version_tail = 0; // Stomp the data, because nobody cares about it. wchar_t *library_path = concat4(best_path, L"\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\", version, L"\\lib\\x64"); wchar_t *library_file = concat2( library_path, L"\\vcruntime.lib"); // @Speed: Could have library_path // point to this string, with a smaller // count, to save on memory flailing! if (os_file_exists(library_file)) { wchar_t *link_exe_path = concat4(best_path, L"\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\", version, L"\\bin\\Hostx64\\x64"); result->vs_exe_path = link_exe_path; result->vs_library_path = library_path; found_visual_studio_2017 = true; } free(version); SysFreeString(best_path); /* Ryan Saunderson said: "Clang uses the 'SetupInstance->GetInstallationVersion' / ISetupHelper->ParseVersion to find the newest version and then reads the tools file to define the tools path - which is definitely better than what i did." So... @Incomplete: Should probably pick the newest version... */ failed: CALL_STDMETHOD_(instances, Release); return found_visual_studio_2017; } void find_visual_studio_by_fighting_through_microsoft_craziness( Find_Result *result) { // The name of this procedure is kind of cryptic. Its purpose is // to fight through Microsoft craziness. The things that the fine // Visual Studio team want you to do, JUST TO FIND A SINGLE FOLDER // THAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO FIND, are ridiculous garbage. // For earlier versions of Visual Studio, you'd find this information in the // registry, similarly to the Windows Kits above. But no, now it's the future, // so to ask the question "Where is the Visual Studio folder?" you have to do // a bunch of COM object instantiation, enumeration, and querying. (For extra // bonus points, try doing this in a new, underdeveloped programming language // where you don't have COM routines up and running yet. So fun.) // // If all this COM object instantiation, enumeration, and querying doesn't // give us a useful result, we drop back to the registry-checking method. bool found_visual_studio_2017 = find_visual_studio_2017_by_fighting_through_microsoft_craziness(result); if (found_visual_studio_2017) return; // If we get here, we didn't find Visual Studio 2017. Try earlier versions. HKEY vs7_key; HRESULT rc = RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\VisualStudio\\SxS\\VS7", 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_WOW64_32KEY, &vs7_key); if (rc != S_OK) return; // Hardcoded search for 4 prior Visual Studio versions. Is there something // better to do here? wchar_t *versions[] = {L"14.0", L"12.0", L"11.0", L"10.0"}; const int NUM_VERSIONS = sizeof(versions) / sizeof(versions[0]); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VERSIONS; i++) { wchar_t *v = versions[i]; DWORD dw_type; DWORD cb_data; LSTATUS rc = RegQueryValueExW(vs7_key, v, NULL, &dw_type, NULL, &cb_data); if ((rc == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) || (dw_type != REG_SZ)) { continue; } wchar_t *buffer = (wchar_t *)malloc(cb_data); if (!buffer) return; rc = RegQueryValueExW(vs7_key, v, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)buffer, &cb_data); if (rc != 0) continue; // @Robustness: Do the zero-termination thing suggested in the RegQueryValue // docs? wchar_t *lib_path = concat2(buffer, L"VC\\Lib\\amd64"); // Check to see whether a vcruntime.lib actually exists here. wchar_t *vcruntime_filename = concat2(lib_path, L"\\vcruntime.lib"); bool vcruntime_exists = os_file_exists(vcruntime_filename); free(vcruntime_filename); if (vcruntime_exists) { result->vs_exe_path = concat2(buffer, L"VC\\bin\\amd64"); result->vs_library_path = lib_path; free(buffer); RegCloseKey(vs7_key); return; } free(lib_path); free(buffer); } RegCloseKey(vs7_key); // If we get here, we failed to find anything. } Find_Result *find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk() { Find_Result *result = malloc(sizeof(Find_Result)); find_windows_kit_root(result); if (result->windows_sdk_root) { result->windows_sdk_um_library_path = concat2(result->windows_sdk_root, L"\\um\\x64"); result->windows_sdk_ucrt_library_path = concat2(result->windows_sdk_root, L"\\ucrt\\x64"); } find_visual_studio_by_fighting_through_microsoft_craziness(result); return result; } #endif #endif // MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_IMPLEMENTATION_GUARD #endif // MICROSOFT_CRAZINESS_IMPLEMENTATION #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif