module os import strings #include // #include #include pub const ( args = []string{} ) fn C.readdir(voidptr) &C.dirent fn C.readlink(pathname &char, buf &char, bufsiz usize) int fn C.getline(voidptr, voidptr, voidptr) int fn C.sigaction(int, voidptr, int) int fn C.open(&char, int, ...int) int fn C.fdopen(fd int, mode &char) &C.FILE fn C.ferror(stream &C.FILE) int fn C.feof(stream &C.FILE) int fn C.CopyFile(&u16, &u16, bool) int // fn C.lstat(charptr, voidptr) u64 fn C._wstat64(&u16, voidptr) u64 fn C.chown(&char, int, int) int fn C.ftruncate(voidptr, u64) int fn C._chsize_s(voidptr, u64) int // read_bytes returns all bytes read from file in `path`. [manualfree] pub fn read_bytes(path string) ![]u8 { mut fp := vfopen(path, 'rb')! defer { C.fclose(fp) } fsize := find_cfile_size(fp)! if fsize == 0 { mut sb := slurp_file_in_builder(fp)! return unsafe { sb.reuse_as_plain_u8_array() } } mut res := []u8{len: fsize} nr_read_elements := int(C.fread(res.data, 1, fsize, fp)) if nr_read_elements == 0 && fsize > 0 { return error('fread failed') } res.trim(nr_read_elements) return res } fn find_cfile_size(fp &C.FILE) !int { // NB: Musl's fseek returns -1 for virtual files, while Glibc's fseek returns 0 cseek := C.fseek(fp, 0, C.SEEK_END) raw_fsize := C.ftell(fp) if raw_fsize != 0 && cseek != 0 { return error('fseek failed') } if cseek != 0 && raw_fsize < 0 { return error('ftell failed') } len := int(raw_fsize) // For files > 2GB, C.ftell can return values that, when cast to `int`, can result in values below 0. if i64(len) < raw_fsize { return error('int(${raw_fsize}) cast results in ${len}') } C.rewind(fp) return len } const buf_size = 4096 // slurp_file_in_builder reads an entire file into a strings.Builder chunk by chunk, without relying on its file size. // It is intended for reading 0 sized files, or a dynamic files in a virtual filesystem like /proc/cpuinfo. // For these, we can not allocate all memory in advance (since we do not know the final size), and so we have no choice // but to read the file in `buf_size` chunks. [manualfree] fn slurp_file_in_builder(fp &C.FILE) !strings.Builder { buf := [os.buf_size]u8{} mut sb := strings.new_builder(os.buf_size) for { mut read_bytes := fread(&buf[0], 1, os.buf_size, fp) or { if err is Eof { break } unsafe { sb.free() } return err } unsafe { sb.write_ptr(&buf[0], read_bytes) } } return sb } // read_file reads the file in `path` and returns the contents. [manualfree] pub fn read_file(path string) !string { mode := 'rb' mut fp := vfopen(path, mode)! defer { C.fclose(fp) } allocate := find_cfile_size(fp)! if allocate == 0 { mut sb := slurp_file_in_builder(fp)! res := sb.str() unsafe { sb.free() } return res } unsafe { mut str := malloc_noscan(allocate + 1) nelements := int(C.fread(str, 1, allocate, fp)) is_eof := int(C.feof(fp)) is_error := int(C.ferror(fp)) if is_eof == 0 && is_error != 0 { free(str) return error('fread failed') } str[nelements] = 0 if nelements == 0 { // It is highly likely that the file was a virtual file from // /sys or /proc, with information generated on the fly, so // fsize was not reliably reported. Using vstring() here is // slower (it calls strlen internally), but will return more // consistent results. // For example reading from /sys/class/sound/card0/id produces // a `PCH\n` string, but fsize is 4096, and otherwise you would // get a V string with .len = 4096 and .str = "PCH\n\\000". return str.vstring() } return str.vstring_with_len(nelements) } } // ***************************** OS ops ************************ // // truncate changes the size of the file located in `path` to `len`. // Note that changing symbolic links on Windows only works as admin. pub fn truncate(path string, len u64) ! { fp := C.open(&char(path.str), o_wronly | o_trunc, 0) defer { C.close(fp) } if fp < 0 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } $if windows { if C._chsize_s(fp, len) != 0 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } } $else { if C.ftruncate(fp, len) != 0 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } } } fn eprintln_unknown_file_size() { eprintln('os.file_size() Cannot determine file-size: ' + posix_get_error_msg(C.errno)) } // file_size returns the size of the file located in `path`. // If an error occurs it returns 0. // Note that use of this on symbolic links on Windows returns always 0. pub fn file_size(path string) u64 { mut s := C.stat{} unsafe { $if x64 { $if windows { mut swin := C.__stat64{} if C._wstat64(path.to_wide(), voidptr(&swin)) != 0 { eprintln_unknown_file_size() return 0 } return swin.st_size } $else { if C.stat(&char(path.str), &s) != 0 { eprintln_unknown_file_size() return 0 } return u64(s.st_size) } } $if x32 { $if debug { eprintln('Using os.file_size() on 32bit systems may not work on big files.') } $if windows { if C._wstat(path.to_wide(), voidptr(&s)) != 0 { eprintln_unknown_file_size() return 0 } return u64(s.st_size) } $else { if C.stat(&char(path.str), &s) != 0 { eprintln_unknown_file_size() return 0 } return u64(s.st_size) } } } return 0 } // rename renames the file or folder from `src` to `dst`. // Use mv to move or rename a file in a platform independent manner. pub fn rename(src string, dst string) ! { mut rdst := dst if is_dir(rdst) { rdst = join_path_single(rdst.trim_right(path_separator), file_name(src.trim_right(path_separator))) } $if windows { w_src := src.replace('/', '\\') w_dst := rdst.replace('/', '\\') ret := C._wrename(w_src.to_wide(), w_dst.to_wide()) if ret != 0 { return error_with_code('failed to rename ${src} to ${dst}', int(ret)) } } $else { ret := C.rename(&char(src.str), &char(rdst.str)) if ret != 0 { return error_with_code('failed to rename ${src} to ${dst}', ret) } } } // cp copies files or folders from `src` to `dst`. pub fn cp(src string, dst string) ! { $if windows { w_src := src.replace('/', '\\') w_dst := dst.replace('/', '\\') if C.CopyFile(w_src.to_wide(), w_dst.to_wide(), false) == 0 { result := C.GetLastError() return error_with_code('failed to copy ${src} to ${dst}', int(result)) } } $else { fp_from := C.open(&char(src.str), C.O_RDONLY, 0) if fp_from < 0 { // Check if file opened return error_with_code('cp: failed to open ${src}', int(fp_from)) } fp_to := C.open(&char(dst.str), C.O_WRONLY | C.O_CREAT | C.O_TRUNC, C.S_IWUSR | C.S_IRUSR) if fp_to < 0 { // Check if file opened (permissions problems ...) C.close(fp_from) return error_with_code('cp (permission): failed to write to ${dst} (fp_to: ${fp_to})', int(fp_to)) } // TODO use defer{} to close files in case of error or return. // Currently there is a C-Error when building. mut buf := [1024]u8{} mut count := 0 for { count = C.read(fp_from, &buf[0], sizeof(buf)) if count == 0 { break } if C.write(fp_to, &buf[0], count) < 0 { C.close(fp_to) C.close(fp_from) return error_with_code('cp: failed to write to ${dst}', int(-1)) } } from_attr := C.stat{} unsafe { C.stat(&char(src.str), &from_attr) } if C.chmod(&char(dst.str), from_attr.st_mode) < 0 { C.close(fp_to) C.close(fp_from) return error_with_code('failed to set permissions for ${dst}', int(-1)) } C.close(fp_to) C.close(fp_from) } } // vfopen returns an opened C file, given its path and open mode. // Note: os.vfopen is useful for compatibility with C libraries, that expect `FILE *`. // If you write pure V code, os.create or os.open are more convenient. pub fn vfopen(path string, mode string) !&C.FILE { if path.len == 0 { return error('vfopen called with ""') } mut fp := unsafe { nil } $if windows { fp = C._wfopen(path.to_wide(), mode.to_wide()) } $else { fp = C.fopen(&char(path.str), &char(mode.str)) } if isnil(fp) { return error('failed to open file "${path}"') } else { return fp } } // fileno returns the file descriptor of an opened C file. pub fn fileno(cfile voidptr) int { $if windows { return C._fileno(cfile) } $else { mut cfile_casted := &C.FILE(0) // FILE* cfile_casted = 0; cfile_casted = cfile // Required on FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD as stdio.h defines fileno(..) with a macro // that performs a field access on its argument without casting from void*. return C.fileno(cfile_casted) } } // vpopen system starts the specified command, waits for it to complete, and returns its code. fn vpopen(path string) voidptr { // *C.FILE { $if windows { mode := 'rb' wpath := path.to_wide() return C._wpopen(wpath, mode.to_wide()) } $else { cpath := path.str return C.popen(&char(cpath), c'r') } } fn posix_wait4_to_exit_status(waitret int) (int, bool) { $if windows { return waitret, false } $else { mut ret := 0 mut is_signaled := true // (see man system, man 2 waitpid: C macro WEXITSTATUS section) if C.WIFEXITED(waitret) { ret = C.WEXITSTATUS(waitret) is_signaled = false } else if C.WIFSIGNALED(waitret) { ret = C.WTERMSIG(waitret) is_signaled = true } return ret, is_signaled } } // posix_get_error_msg return error code representation in string. pub fn posix_get_error_msg(code int) string { ptr_text := C.strerror(code) // voidptr? if ptr_text == 0 { return '' } return unsafe { tos3(ptr_text) } } // vpclose will close a file pointer opened with `vpopen`. fn vpclose(f voidptr) int { $if windows { return C._pclose(f) } $else { ret, _ := posix_wait4_to_exit_status(C.pclose(f)) return ret } } // system works like `exec`, but only returns a return code. pub fn system(cmd string) int { // if cmd.contains(';') || cmd.contains('&&') || cmd.contains('||') || cmd.contains('\n') { // TODO remove panic // panic(';, &&, || and \\n are not allowed in shell commands') // } mut ret := 0 $if windows { // overcome bug in system & _wsystem (cmd) when first char is quote `"` wcmd := if cmd.len > 1 && cmd[0] == `"` && cmd[1] != `"` { '"${cmd}"' } else { cmd } unsafe { ret = C._wsystem(wcmd.to_wide()) } } $else { $if ios { unsafe { arg := [c'/bin/sh', c'-c', &u8(cmd.str), 0] pid := 0 ret = C.posix_spawn(&pid, c'/bin/sh', 0, 0, arg.data, 0) status := 0 ret = C.waitpid(pid, &status, 0) if C.WIFEXITED(status) { ret = C.WEXITSTATUS(status) } } } $else { unsafe { ret = C.system(&char(cmd.str)) } } } if ret == -1 { print_c_errno() } $if !windows { pret, is_signaled := posix_wait4_to_exit_status(ret) if is_signaled { println('Terminated by signal ${ret:2d} (' + sigint_to_signal_name(pret) + ')') } ret = pret } return ret } // exists returns true if `path` (file or directory) exists. pub fn exists(path string) bool { $if windows { p := path.replace('/', '\\') return C._waccess(p.to_wide(), f_ok) != -1 } $else { return C.access(&char(path.str), f_ok) != -1 } } // is_executable returns `true` if `path` is executable. // Warning: `is_executable()` is known to cause a TOCTOU vulnerability when used incorrectly // (for more information: https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/os/README.md) pub fn is_executable(path string) bool { $if windows { // Note: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/access-waccess?view=vs-2019 // i.e. there is no X bit there, the modes can be: // 00 Existence only // 02 Write-only // 04 Read-only // 06 Read and write p := real_path(path) return exists(p) && (p.ends_with('.exe') || p.ends_with('.bat') || p.ends_with('.cmd')) } $if solaris { statbuf := C.stat{} unsafe { if C.stat(&char(path.str), &statbuf) != 0 { return false } } return (int(statbuf.st_mode) & (s_ixusr | s_ixgrp | s_ixoth)) != 0 } return C.access(&char(path.str), x_ok) != -1 } // is_writable returns `true` if `path` is writable. // Warning: `is_writable()` is known to cause a TOCTOU vulnerability when used incorrectly // (for more information: https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/os/README.md) [manualfree] pub fn is_writable(path string) bool { $if windows { p := path.replace('/', '\\') wp := p.to_wide() res := C._waccess(wp, w_ok) != -1 unsafe { free(wp) } // &u16 unsafe { p.free() } return res } $else { return C.access(&char(path.str), w_ok) != -1 } } // is_readable returns `true` if `path` is readable. // Warning: `is_readable()` is known to cause a TOCTOU vulnerability when used incorrectly // (for more information: https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/os/README.md) [manualfree] pub fn is_readable(path string) bool { $if windows { p := path.replace('/', '\\') wp := p.to_wide() res := C._waccess(wp, r_ok) != -1 unsafe { free(wp) } // &u16 unsafe { p.free() } return res } $else { return C.access(&char(path.str), r_ok) != -1 } } // rm removes file in `path`. pub fn rm(path string) ! { mut rc := 0 $if windows { rc = C._wremove(path.to_wide()) } $else { rc = C.remove(&char(path.str)) } if rc == -1 { return error('Failed to remove "${path}": ' + posix_get_error_msg(C.errno)) } // C.unlink(path.cstr()) } // rmdir removes a specified directory. pub fn rmdir(path string) ! { $if windows { rc := C.RemoveDirectory(path.to_wide()) if !rc { // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-removedirectorya - 0 == false, is failure return error('Failed to remove "${path}": ' + posix_get_error_msg(C.errno)) } } $else { rc := C.rmdir(&char(path.str)) if rc == -1 { return error(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno)) } } } // print_c_errno will print the current value of `C.errno`. fn print_c_errno() { e := C.errno se := unsafe { tos_clone(&u8(C.strerror(e))) } println('errno=${e} err=${se}') } // get_raw_line returns a one-line string from stdin along with '\n' if there is any. pub fn get_raw_line() string { $if windows { unsafe { max_line_chars := 256 buf := malloc_noscan(max_line_chars * 2) h_input := C.GetStdHandle(C.STD_INPUT_HANDLE) mut bytes_read := u32(0) if is_atty(0) > 0 { x := C.ReadConsole(h_input, buf, max_line_chars * 2, &bytes_read, 0) if !x { return tos(buf, 0) } return string_from_wide2(&u16(buf), int(bytes_read)) } mut offset := 0 for { pos := buf + offset res := C.ReadFile(h_input, pos, 1, C.LPDWORD(&bytes_read), 0) if !res && offset == 0 { return tos(buf, 0) } if !res || bytes_read == 0 { break } if *pos == `\n` { offset++ break } offset++ } return buf.vstring_with_len(offset) } } $else { max := usize(0) buf := &char(0) nr_chars := unsafe { C.getline(&buf, &max, C.stdin) } return unsafe { tos(&u8(buf), if nr_chars < 0 { 0 } else { nr_chars }) } } } // get_raw_stdin will get the raw input from stdin. pub fn get_raw_stdin() []u8 { $if windows { unsafe { block_bytes := 512 mut old_size := block_bytes mut buf := malloc_noscan(block_bytes) h_input := C.GetStdHandle(C.STD_INPUT_HANDLE) mut bytes_read := 0 mut offset := 0 for { pos := buf + offset res := C.ReadFile(h_input, pos, block_bytes, C.LPDWORD(&bytes_read), 0) offset += bytes_read if !res { break } new_size := offset + block_bytes + (block_bytes - bytes_read) buf = realloc_data(buf, old_size, new_size) old_size = new_size } return array{ element_size: 1 data: voidptr(buf) len: offset cap: offset } } } $else { max := usize(0) buf := &char(0) nr_chars := unsafe { C.getline(&buf, &max, C.stdin) } return array{ element_size: 1 data: voidptr(buf) len: if nr_chars < 0 { 0 } else { nr_chars } cap: int(max) } } } // read_file_array reads an array of `T` values from file `path`. pub fn read_file_array[T](path string) []T { a := T{} tsize := int(sizeof(a)) // prepare for reading, get current file size mut fp := vfopen(path, 'rb') or { return []T{} } C.fseek(fp, 0, C.SEEK_END) fsize := C.ftell(fp) C.rewind(fp) // read the actual data from the file len := fsize / tsize allocate := int(fsize) // On some systems C.ftell can return values in the 64-bit range // that, when cast to `int`, can result in values below 0. if i64(allocate) < fsize { panic('${fsize} cast to int results in ${int(fsize)})') } buf := unsafe { malloc_noscan(allocate) } nread := C.fread(buf, tsize, len, fp) C.fclose(fp) return unsafe { array{ element_size: tsize data: buf len: int(nread) cap: int(len) } } } // executable returns the path name of the executable that started the current // process. [manualfree] pub fn executable() string { mut result := [max_path_buffer_size]u8{} $if windows { pu16_result := unsafe { &u16(&result[0]) } len := C.GetModuleFileName(0, pu16_result, 512) // determine if the file is a windows symlink attrs := C.GetFileAttributesW(pu16_result) is_set := attrs & 0x400 // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT if is_set != 0 { // it's a windows symlink // gets handle with GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0 file := C.CreateFile(pu16_result, 0x80000000, 1, 0, 3, 0x80, 0) if file != voidptr(-1) { defer { C.CloseHandle(file) } final_path := [max_path_buffer_size]u8{} // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-getfinalpathnamebyhandlew final_len := C.GetFinalPathNameByHandleW(file, unsafe { &u16(&final_path[0]) }, max_path_buffer_size, 0) if final_len < u32(max_path_buffer_size) { sret := unsafe { string_from_wide2(&u16(&final_path[0]), int(final_len)) } defer { unsafe { sret.free() } } // remove '\\?\' from beginning (see link above) sret_slice := sret[4..] res := sret_slice.clone() return res } else { eprintln('os.executable() saw that the executable file path was too long') } } } res := unsafe { string_from_wide2(pu16_result, int(len)) } return res } $if macos { pid := C.getpid() ret := proc_pidpath(pid, &result[0], max_path_len) if ret <= 0 { eprintln('os.executable() failed at calling proc_pidpath with pid: ${pid} . proc_pidpath returned ${ret} ') return executable_fallback() } res := unsafe { tos_clone(&result[0]) } return res } $if freebsd { bufsize := usize(max_path_buffer_size) mib := [1 /* CTL_KERN */, 14 /* KERN_PROC */, 12 /* KERN_PROC_PATHNAME */, -1] unsafe { C.sysctl(mib.data, mib.len, &result[0], &bufsize, 0, 0) } res := unsafe { tos_clone(&result[0]) } return res } $if netbsd { count := C.readlink(c'/proc/curproc/exe', &char(&result[0]), max_path_len) if count < 0 { eprintln('os.executable() failed at reading /proc/curproc/exe to get exe path') return executable_fallback() } res := unsafe { tos_clone(&result[0]) } return res } $if dragonfly { count := C.readlink(c'/proc/curproc/file', &char(&result[0]), max_path_len) if count < 0 { eprintln('os.executable() failed at reading /proc/curproc/file to get exe path') return executable_fallback() } res := unsafe { tos_clone(&result[0]) } return res } $if linux { count := C.readlink(c'/proc/self/exe', &char(&result[0]), max_path_len) if count < 0 { eprintln('os.executable() failed at reading /proc/self/exe to get exe path') return executable_fallback() } res := unsafe { tos_clone(&result[0]) } return res } // "Sadly there is no way to get the full path of the executed file in OpenBSD." $if openbsd { } $if solaris { } $if haiku { } return executable_fallback() } // is_dir returns a `bool` indicating whether the given `path` is a directory. pub fn is_dir(path string) bool { $if windows { w_path := path.replace('/', '\\') attr := C.GetFileAttributesW(w_path.to_wide()) if attr == u32(C.INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) { return false } if int(attr) & C.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY != 0 { return true } return false } $else { statbuf := C.stat{} if unsafe { C.stat(&char(path.str), &statbuf) } != 0 { return false } // ref: https://code.woboq.org/gcc/include/sys/stat.h.html val := int(statbuf.st_mode) & s_ifmt return val == s_ifdir } } // is_link returns a boolean indicating whether `path` is a link. // Warning: `is_link()` is known to cause a TOCTOU vulnerability when used incorrectly // (for more information: https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/os/README.md) pub fn is_link(path string) bool { $if windows { path_ := path.replace('/', '\\') attr := C.GetFileAttributesW(path_.to_wide()) return int(attr) != int(C.INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) && (attr & 0x400) != 0 } $else { statbuf := C.stat{} if C.lstat(&char(path.str), &statbuf) != 0 { return false } return int(statbuf.st_mode) & s_ifmt == s_iflnk } } struct PathKind { mut: is_dir bool is_link bool } fn kind_of_existing_path(path string) PathKind { mut res := PathKind{} $if windows { attr := C.GetFileAttributesW(path.to_wide()) if attr != u32(C.INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) { if (int(attr) & C.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0 { res.is_dir = true } if (int(attr) & 0x400) != 0 { res.is_link = true } } } $else { statbuf := C.stat{} // ref: https://code.woboq.org/gcc/include/sys/stat.h.html res_stat := unsafe { C.lstat(&char(path.str), &statbuf) } if res_stat == 0 { kind := (int(statbuf.st_mode) & s_ifmt) if kind == s_ifdir { res.is_dir = true } if kind == s_iflnk { res.is_link = true } } } return res } // chdir changes the current working directory to the new directory in `path`. pub fn chdir(path string) ! { ret := $if windows { C._wchdir(path.to_wide()) } $else { C.chdir(&char(path.str)) } if ret == -1 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } } // getwd returns the absolute path of the current directory. [manualfree] pub fn getwd() string { unsafe { buf := [max_path_buffer_size]u8{} $if windows { if C._wgetcwd(&u16(&buf[0]), max_path_len) == 0 { return '' } res := string_from_wide(&u16(&buf[0])) return res } $else { if C.getcwd(&char(&buf[0]), max_path_len) == 0 { return '' } res := tos_clone(&buf[0]) return res } } } // real_path returns the full absolute path for fpath, with all relative ../../, symlinks and so on resolved. // See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/realpath.html // Also https://insanecoding.blogspot.com/2007/11/pathmax-simply-isnt.html // and https://insanecoding.blogspot.com/2007/11/implementing-realpath-in-c.html // Note: this particular rabbit hole is *deep* ... [manualfree] pub fn real_path(fpath string) string { mut fullpath := [max_path_buffer_size]u8{} mut res := '' $if windows { pu16_fullpath := unsafe { &u16(&fullpath[0]) } // gets handle with GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0 // use C.CreateFile(fpath.to_wide(), 0x80000000, 1, 0, 3, 0x80, 0) instead of get_file_handle // try to open the file to get symbolic link path fpath_wide := fpath.to_wide() defer { unsafe { free(voidptr(fpath_wide)) } } file := C.CreateFile(fpath_wide, 0x80000000, 1, 0, 3, 0x80, 0) if file != voidptr(-1) { defer { C.CloseHandle(file) } // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-getfinalpathnamebyhandlew final_len := C.GetFinalPathNameByHandleW(file, pu16_fullpath, max_path_buffer_size, 0) if final_len < u32(max_path_buffer_size) { rt := unsafe { string_from_wide2(pu16_fullpath, int(final_len)) } srt := rt[4..] unsafe { res.free() } res = srt.clone() } else { eprintln('os.real_path() saw that the file path was too long') unsafe { res.free() } return fpath.clone() } } else { // if it is not a file C.CreateFile doesn't gets a file handle, use GetFullPath instead ret := C.GetFullPathName(fpath_wide, max_path_len, pu16_fullpath, 0) if ret == 0 { // TODO: check errors if path len is not enough unsafe { res.free() } return fpath.clone() } unsafe { res.free() } res = unsafe { string_from_wide(pu16_fullpath) } } } $else { ret := &char(C.realpath(&char(fpath.str), &char(&fullpath[0]))) if ret == 0 { unsafe { res.free() } return fpath.clone() } // Note: fullpath is much larger (usually ~4KB), than what C.realpath will // actually fill in the vast majority of the cases => it pays to copy the // resulting string from that buffer, to a shorter one, and then free the // 4KB fullpath buffer. unsafe { res.free() } res = unsafe { tos_clone(&fullpath[0]) } } unsafe { normalize_drive_letter(res) } return res } [direct_array_access; manualfree; unsafe] fn normalize_drive_letter(path string) { $if !windows { return } // normalize_drive_letter is needed, because // a path like c:\nv\.bin (note the small `c`) in %PATH, // is NOT recognized by cmd.exe (and probably other programs too)... // Capital drive letters do work fine. if path.len > 2 && path[0] >= `a` && path[0] <= `z` && path[1] == `:` && path[2] == path_separator[0] { unsafe { x := &path.str[0] (*x) = *x - 32 } } } // fork will fork the current system process and return the pid of the fork. pub fn fork() int { mut pid := -1 $if !windows { pid = C.fork() } $if windows { panic('os.fork not supported in windows') // TODO } return pid } // wait blocks the calling process until one of its child processes exits or a signal is received. // After child process terminates, parent continues its execution after wait system call instruction. pub fn wait() int { mut pid := -1 $if !windows { $if !emscripten ? { pid = C.wait(0) } } $if windows { panic('os.wait not supported in windows') // TODO } return pid } // file_last_mod_unix returns the "last modified" time stamp of file in `path`. pub fn file_last_mod_unix(path string) i64 { attr := C.stat{} // # struct stat attr; unsafe { C.stat(&char(path.str), &attr) } // # stat(path.str, &attr); return i64(attr.st_mtime) // # return attr.st_mtime ; } // flush will flush the stdout buffer. pub fn flush() { C.fflush(C.stdout) } // chmod change file access attributes of `path` to `mode`. // Octals like `0o600` can be used. pub fn chmod(path string, mode int) ! { if C.chmod(&char(path.str), mode) != 0 { return error_with_code('chmod failed: ' + posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } } // chown changes the owner and group attributes of `path` to `owner` and `group`. pub fn chown(path string, owner int, group int) ! { $if windows { return error('os.chown() not implemented for Windows') } $else { if C.chown(&char(path.str), owner, group) != 0 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } } } // open_append opens `path` file for appending. pub fn open_append(path string) !File { mut file := File{} $if windows { wpath := path.replace('/', '\\').to_wide() mode := 'ab' file = File{ cfile: C._wfopen(wpath, mode.to_wide()) } } $else { cpath := path.str file = File{ cfile: C.fopen(&char(cpath), c'ab') } } if isnil(file.cfile) { return error('failed to create(append) file "${path}"') } file.is_opened = true return file } // execvp - loads and executes a new child process, *in place* of the current process. // The child process executable is located in `cmdpath`. // The arguments, that will be passed to it are in `args`. // Note: this function will NOT return when successfull, since // the child process will take control over execution. pub fn execvp(cmdpath string, cmdargs []string) ! { mut cargs := []&char{} cargs << &char(cmdpath.str) for i in 0 .. cmdargs.len { cargs << &char(cmdargs[i].str) } cargs << &char(0) mut res := int(0) $if windows { res = C._execvp(&char(cmdpath.str), cargs.data) } $else { res = C.execvp(&char(cmdpath.str), cargs.data) } if res == -1 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } // just in case C._execvp returned ... that happens on windows ... exit(res) } // execve - loads and executes a new child process, *in place* of the current process. // The child process executable is located in `cmdpath`. // The arguments, that will be passed to it are in `args`. // You can pass environment variables to through `envs`. // Note: this function will NOT return when successfull, since // the child process will take control over execution. pub fn execve(cmdpath string, cmdargs []string, envs []string) ! { mut cargv := []&char{} mut cenvs := []&char{} cargv << &char(cmdpath.str) for i in 0 .. cmdargs.len { cargv << &char(cmdargs[i].str) } for i in 0 .. envs.len { cenvs << &char(envs[i].str) } cargv << &char(0) cenvs << &char(0) mut res := int(0) $if windows { res = C._execve(&char(cmdpath.str), cargv.data, cenvs.data) } $else { res = C.execve(&char(cmdpath.str), cargv.data, cenvs.data) } // Note: normally execve does not return at all. // If it returns, then something went wrong... if res == -1 { return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno) } } // is_atty returns 1 if the `fd` file descriptor is open and refers to a terminal pub fn is_atty(fd int) int { $if windows { mut mode := u32(0) osfh := voidptr(C._get_osfhandle(fd)) C.GetConsoleMode(osfh, voidptr(&mode)) return int(mode) } $else { return C.isatty(fd) } } // write_file_array writes the data in `buffer` to a file in `path`. pub fn write_file_array(path string, buffer array) ! { mut f := create(path)! unsafe { f.write_full_buffer(buffer.data, usize(buffer.len * buffer.element_size))! } f.close() } pub fn glob(patterns ...string) ![]string { mut matches := []string{} for pattern in patterns { native_glob_pattern(pattern, mut matches)! } matches.sort() return matches } pub fn last_error() IError { $if windows { code := int(C.GetLastError()) msg := get_error_msg(code) return error_with_code(msg, code) } $else { code := C.errno msg := posix_get_error_msg(code) return error_with_code(msg, code) } }