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v/vlib/vweb/vweb.v

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V

// Copyright (c) 2019-2022 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
module vweb
import os
import io
import net
import net.http
import net.urllib
import time
import json
// A type which don't get filtered inside templates
pub type RawHtml = string
// A dummy structure that returns from routes to indicate that you actually sent something to a user
[noinit]
pub struct Result {}
pub const (
methods_with_form = [http.Method.post, .put, .patch]
headers_close = http.new_custom_header_from_map({
'Server': 'VWeb'
http.CommonHeader.connection.str(): 'close'
}) or { panic('should never fail') }
http_302 = http.new_response(
status: .found
text: '302 Found'
header: headers_close
)
http_400 = http.new_response(
status: .bad_request
text: '400 Bad Request'
header: http.new_header(
key: .content_type
value: 'text/plain'
).join(headers_close)
)
http_404 = http.new_response(
status: .not_found
text: '404 Not Found'
header: http.new_header(
key: .content_type
value: 'text/plain'
).join(headers_close)
)
http_500 = http.new_response(
status: .internal_server_error
text: '500 Internal Server Error'
header: http.new_header(
key: .content_type
value: 'text/plain'
).join(headers_close)
)
mime_types = {
'.aac': 'audio/aac'
'.abw': 'application/x-abiword'
'.arc': 'application/x-freearc'
'.avi': 'video/x-msvideo'
'.azw': 'application/vnd.amazon.ebook'
'.bin': 'application/octet-stream'
'.bmp': 'image/bmp'
'.bz': 'application/x-bzip'
'.bz2': 'application/x-bzip2'
'.cda': 'application/x-cdf'
'.csh': 'application/x-csh'
'.css': 'text/css'
'.csv': 'text/csv'
'.doc': 'application/msword'
'.docx': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'
'.eot': 'application/vnd.ms-fontobject'
'.epub': 'application/epub+zip'
'.gz': 'application/gzip'
'.gif': 'image/gif'
'.htm': 'text/html'
'.html': 'text/html'
'.ico': 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon'
'.ics': 'text/calendar'
'.jar': 'application/java-archive'
'.jpeg': 'image/jpeg'
'.jpg': 'image/jpeg'
'.js': 'text/javascript'
'.json': 'application/json'
'.jsonld': 'application/ld+json'
'.mid': 'audio/midi audio/x-midi'
'.midi': 'audio/midi audio/x-midi'
'.mjs': 'text/javascript'
'.mp3': 'audio/mpeg'
'.mp4': 'video/mp4'
'.mpeg': 'video/mpeg'
'.mpkg': 'application/vnd.apple.installer+xml'
'.odp': 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation'
'.ods': 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet'
'.odt': 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text'
'.oga': 'audio/ogg'
'.ogv': 'video/ogg'
'.ogx': 'application/ogg'
'.opus': 'audio/opus'
'.otf': 'font/otf'
'.png': 'image/png'
'.pdf': 'application/pdf'
'.php': 'application/x-httpd-php'
'.ppt': 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint'
'.pptx': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation'
'.rar': 'application/vnd.rar'
'.rtf': 'application/rtf'
'.sh': 'application/x-sh'
'.svg': 'image/svg+xml'
'.swf': 'application/x-shockwave-flash'
'.tar': 'application/x-tar'
'.tif': 'image/tiff'
'.tiff': 'image/tiff'
'.ts': 'video/mp2t'
'.ttf': 'font/ttf'
'.txt': 'text/plain'
'.vsd': 'application/vnd.visio'
'.wav': 'audio/wav'
'.weba': 'audio/webm'
'.webm': 'video/webm'
'.webp': 'image/webp'
'.woff': 'font/woff'
'.woff2': 'font/woff2'
'.xhtml': 'application/xhtml+xml'
'.xls': 'application/vnd.ms-excel'
'.xlsx': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'
'.xml': 'application/xml'
'.xul': 'application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml'
'.zip': 'application/zip'
'.3gp': 'video/3gpp'
'.3g2': 'video/3gpp2'
'.7z': 'application/x-7z-compressed'
}
max_http_post_size = 1024 * 1024
default_port = 8080
)
// The Context struct represents the Context which hold the HTTP request and response.
// It has fields for the query, form, files.
pub struct Context {
mut:
content_type string = 'text/plain'
status string = '200 OK'
pub:
// HTTP Request
req http.Request
// TODO Response
pub mut:
done bool
// time.ticks() from start of vweb connection handle.
// You can use it to determine how much time is spent on your request.
page_gen_start i64
// TCP connection to client.
// But beware, do not store it for further use, after request processing vweb will close connection.
conn &net.TcpConn
static_files map[string]string
static_mime_types map[string]string
// Map containing query params for the route.
// http://localhost:3000/index?q=vpm&order_by=desc => { 'q': 'vpm', 'order_by': 'desc' }
query map[string]string
// Multipart-form fields.
form map[string]string
// Files from multipart-form.
files map[string][]http.FileData
header http.Header // response headers
// ? It doesn't seem to be used anywhere
form_error string
}
struct FileData {
pub:
filename string
content_type string
data string
}
struct Route {
methods []http.Method
path string
}
// Defining this method is optional.
// This method called at server start.
// You can use it for initializing globals.
pub fn (ctx Context) init_server() {
eprintln('init_server() has been deprecated, please init your web app in `fn main()`')
}
// Defining this method is optional.
// This method called before every request (aka middleware).
// Probably you can use it for check user session cookie or add header.
pub fn (ctx Context) before_request() {}
pub struct Cookie {
name string
value string
expires time.Time
secure bool
http_only bool
}
// vweb intern function
[manualfree]
pub fn (mut ctx Context) send_response_to_client(mimetype string, res string) bool {
if ctx.done {
return false
}
ctx.done = true
// build header
header := http.new_header_from_map({
http.CommonHeader.content_type: mimetype
http.CommonHeader.content_length: res.len.str()
}).join(ctx.header)
mut resp := http.Response{
header: header.join(vweb.headers_close)
text: res
}
resp.set_version(.v1_1)
resp.set_status(http.status_from_int(ctx.status.int()))
send_string(mut ctx.conn, resp.bytestr()) or { return false }
return true
}
// Response HTTP_OK with s as payload with content-type `text/html`
pub fn (mut ctx Context) html(s string) Result {
ctx.send_response_to_client('text/html', s)
return Result{}
}
// Response HTTP_OK with s as payload with content-type `text/plain`
pub fn (mut ctx Context) text(s string) Result {
ctx.send_response_to_client('text/plain', s)
return Result{}
}
// Response HTTP_OK with json_s as payload with content-type `application/json`
pub fn (mut ctx Context) json<T>(j T) Result {
json_s := json.encode(j)
ctx.send_response_to_client('application/json', json_s)
return Result{}
}
// Response HTTP_OK with a pretty-printed JSON result
pub fn (mut ctx Context) json_pretty<T>(j T) Result {
json_s := json.encode_pretty(j)
ctx.send_response_to_client('application/json', json_s)
return Result{}
}
// Response HTTP_OK with file as payload
pub fn (mut ctx Context) file(f_path string) Result {
ext := os.file_ext(f_path)
data := os.read_file(f_path) or {
eprint(err.msg())
ctx.server_error(500)
return Result{}
}
content_type := vweb.mime_types[ext]
if content_type == '' {
eprintln('no MIME type found for extension $ext')
ctx.server_error(500)
} else {
ctx.send_response_to_client(content_type, data)
}
return Result{}
}
// Response HTTP_OK with s as payload
pub fn (mut ctx Context) ok(s string) Result {
ctx.send_response_to_client(ctx.content_type, s)
return Result{}
}
// Response a server error
pub fn (mut ctx Context) server_error(ecode int) Result {
$if debug {
eprintln('> ctx.server_error ecode: $ecode')
}
if ctx.done {
return Result{}
}
send_string(mut ctx.conn, vweb.http_500.bytestr()) or {}
return Result{}
}
// Redirect to an url
pub fn (mut ctx Context) redirect(url string) Result {
if ctx.done {
return Result{}
}
ctx.done = true
mut resp := vweb.http_302
resp.header = resp.header.join(ctx.header)
resp.header.add(.location, url)
send_string(mut ctx.conn, resp.bytestr()) or { return Result{} }
return Result{}
}
// Send an not_found response
pub fn (mut ctx Context) not_found() Result {
if ctx.done {
return Result{}
}
ctx.done = true
send_string(mut ctx.conn, vweb.http_404.bytestr()) or {}
return Result{}
}
// Sets a cookie
pub fn (mut ctx Context) set_cookie(cookie Cookie) {
mut cookie_data := []string{}
mut secure := if cookie.secure { 'Secure;' } else { '' }
secure += if cookie.http_only { ' HttpOnly' } else { ' ' }
cookie_data << secure
if cookie.expires.unix > 0 {
cookie_data << 'expires=$cookie.expires.utc_string()'
}
data := cookie_data.join(' ')
ctx.add_header('Set-Cookie', '$cookie.name=$cookie.value; $data')
}
// Sets the response content type
pub fn (mut ctx Context) set_content_type(typ string) {
ctx.content_type = typ
}
// Sets a cookie with a `expire_data`
pub fn (mut ctx Context) set_cookie_with_expire_date(key string, val string, expire_date time.Time) {
ctx.add_header('Set-Cookie', '$key=$val; Secure; HttpOnly; expires=$expire_date.utc_string()')
}
// Gets a cookie by a key
pub fn (ctx &Context) get_cookie(key string) ?string { // TODO refactor
mut cookie_header := ctx.get_header('cookie')
if cookie_header == '' {
cookie_header = ctx.get_header('Cookie')
}
cookie_header = ' ' + cookie_header
// println('cookie_header="$cookie_header"')
// println(ctx.req.header)
cookie := if cookie_header.contains(';') {
cookie_header.find_between(' $key=', ';')
} else {
cookie_header.find_between(' $key=', '\r')
}
if cookie != '' {
return cookie.trim_space()
}
return error('Cookie not found')
}
// Sets the response status
pub fn (mut ctx Context) set_status(code int, desc string) {
if code < 100 || code > 599 {
ctx.status = '500 Internal Server Error'
} else {
ctx.status = '$code $desc'
}
}
// Adds an header to the response with key and val
pub fn (mut ctx Context) add_header(key string, val string) {
ctx.header.add_custom(key, val) or {}
}
// Returns the header data from the key
pub fn (ctx &Context) get_header(key string) string {
return ctx.req.header.get_custom(key) or { '' }
}
interface DbInterface {
db voidptr
}
// run - start a new VWeb server, listening to all available addresses, at the specified `port`
pub fn run<T>(global_app &T, port int) {
run_at<T>(global_app, host: '', port: port, family: .ip6) or { panic(err.msg()) }
}
[params]
pub struct RunParams {
host string
port int = 8080
family net.AddrFamily = .ip6 // use `family: .ip, host: 'localhost'` when you want it to bind only to 127.0.0.1
}
// run_at - start a new VWeb server, listening only on a specific address `host`, at the specified `port`
// Example: vweb.run_at(app, 'localhost', 8099)
[manualfree]
pub fn run_at<T>(global_app &T, params RunParams) ? {
mut l := net.listen_tcp(params.family, '$params.host:$params.port') or {
ecode := err.code()
return error('failed to listen $ecode $err')
}
// Parsing methods attributes
mut routes := map[string]Route{}
$for method in T.methods {
http_methods, route_path := parse_attrs(method.name, method.attrs) or {
return error('error parsing method attributes: $err')
}
routes[method.name] = Route{
methods: http_methods
path: route_path
}
}
host := if params.host == '' { 'localhost' } else { params.host }
println('[Vweb] Running app on http://$host:$params.port/')
for {
// Create a new app object for each connection, copy global data like db connections
mut request_app := &T{}
$if T is DbInterface {
request_app.db = global_app.db
} $else {
// println('vweb no db')
}
$for field in T.fields {
if 'vweb_global' in field.attrs || field.is_shared {
request_app.$(field.name) = global_app.$(field.name)
}
}
request_app.Context = global_app.Context // copy the context ref that contains static files map etc
mut conn := l.accept() or {
// failures should not panic
eprintln('accept() failed with error: $err.msg()')
continue
}
go handle_conn<T>(mut conn, mut request_app, routes)
}
}
[manualfree]
fn handle_conn<T>(mut conn net.TcpConn, mut app T, routes map[string]Route) {
conn.set_read_timeout(30 * time.second)
conn.set_write_timeout(30 * time.second)
defer {
conn.close() or {}
unsafe {
free(app)
}
}
mut reader := io.new_buffered_reader(reader: conn)
defer {
reader.free()
}
page_gen_start := time.ticks()
// Request parse
req := http.parse_request(mut reader) or {
// Prevents errors from being thrown when BufferedReader is empty
if '$err' != 'none' {
eprintln('error parsing request: $err')
}
return
}
$if trace_request ? {
dump(req)
}
$if trace_request_url ? {
dump(req.url)
}
// URL Parse
url := urllib.parse(req.url) or {
eprintln('error parsing path: $err')
return
}
// Query parse
query := parse_query_from_url(url)
url_words := url.path.split('/').filter(it != '')
// Form parse
form, files := parse_form_from_request(req) or {
// Bad request
conn.write(vweb.http_400.bytes()) or {}
return
}
app.Context = Context{
req: req
page_gen_start: page_gen_start
conn: conn
query: query
form: form
files: files
static_files: app.static_files
static_mime_types: app.static_mime_types
}
// Calling middleware...
app.before_request()
// Static handling
if serve_if_static<T>(mut app, url) {
// successfully served a static file
return
}
// Route matching
$for method in T.methods {
$if method.return_type is Result {
route := routes[method.name] or {
eprintln('parsed attributes for the `$method.name` are not found, skipping...')
Route{}
}
// Skip if the HTTP request method does not match the attributes
if req.method in route.methods {
// Used for route matching
route_words := route.path.split('/').filter(it != '')
// Route immediate matches first
// For example URL `/register` matches route `/:user`, but `fn register()`
// should be called first.
if !route.path.contains('/:') && url_words == route_words {
// We found a match
if req.method == .post && method.args.len > 0 {
// Populate method args with form values
mut args := []string{cap: method.args.len}
for param in method.args {
args << form[param.name]
}
app.$method(args)
} else {
app.$method()
}
return
}
if url_words.len == 0 && route_words == ['index'] && method.name == 'index' {
app.$method()
return
}
if params := route_matches(url_words, route_words) {
method_args := params.clone()
if method_args.len != method.args.len {
eprintln('warning: uneven parameters count ($method.args.len) in `$method.name`, compared to the vweb route `$method.attrs` ($method_args.len)')
}
app.$method(method_args)
return
}
}
}
}
// Route not found
conn.write(vweb.http_404.bytes()) or {}
}
fn route_matches(url_words []string, route_words []string) ?[]string {
// URL path should be at least as long as the route path
// except for the catchall route (`/:path...`)
if route_words.len == 1 && route_words[0].starts_with(':') && route_words[0].ends_with('...') {
return ['/' + url_words.join('/')]
}
if url_words.len < route_words.len {
return none
}
mut params := []string{cap: url_words.len}
if url_words.len == route_words.len {
for i in 0 .. url_words.len {
if route_words[i].starts_with(':') {
// We found a path paramater
params << url_words[i]
} else if route_words[i] != url_words[i] {
// This url does not match the route
return none
}
}
return params
}
// The last route can end with ... indicating an array
if route_words.len == 0 || !route_words[route_words.len - 1].ends_with('...') {
return none
}
for i in 0 .. route_words.len - 1 {
if route_words[i].starts_with(':') {
// We found a path paramater
params << url_words[i]
} else if route_words[i] != url_words[i] {
// This url does not match the route
return none
}
}
params << url_words[route_words.len - 1..url_words.len].join('/')
return params
}
// check if request is for a static file and serves it
// returns true if we served a static file, false otherwise
[manualfree]
fn serve_if_static<T>(mut app T, url urllib.URL) bool {
// TODO: handle url parameters properly - for now, ignore them
static_file := app.static_files[url.path]
mime_type := app.static_mime_types[url.path]
if static_file == '' || mime_type == '' {
return false
}
data := os.read_file(static_file) or {
send_string(mut app.conn, vweb.http_404.bytestr()) or {}
return true
}
app.send_response_to_client(mime_type, data)
unsafe { data.free() }
return true
}
fn (mut ctx Context) scan_static_directory(directory_path string, mount_path string) {
files := os.ls(directory_path) or { panic(err) }
if files.len > 0 {
for file in files {
full_path := os.join_path(directory_path, file)
if os.is_dir(full_path) {
ctx.scan_static_directory(full_path, mount_path + '/' + file)
} else if file.contains('.') && !file.starts_with('.') && !file.ends_with('.') {
ext := os.file_ext(file)
// Rudimentary guard against adding files not in mime_types.
// Use serve_static directly to add non-standard mime types.
if ext in vweb.mime_types {
ctx.serve_static(mount_path + '/' + file, full_path)
}
}
}
}
}
// handle_static is used to mark a folder (relative to the current working folder)
// as one that contains only static resources (css files, images etc).
// If `root` is set the mount path for the dir will be in '/'
// Usage:
// ```v
// os.chdir( os.executable() ) ?
// app.handle_static('assets', true)
// ```
pub fn (mut ctx Context) handle_static(directory_path string, root bool) bool {
if ctx.done || !os.exists(directory_path) {
return false
}
dir_path := directory_path.trim_space().trim_right('/')
mut mount_path := ''
if dir_path != '.' && os.is_dir(dir_path) && !root {
// Mount point hygene, "./assets" => "/assets".
mount_path = '/' + dir_path.trim_left('.').trim('/')
}
ctx.scan_static_directory(dir_path, mount_path)
return true
}
// mount_static_folder_at - makes all static files in `directory_path` and inside it, available at http://server/mount_path
// For example: suppose you have called .mount_static_folder_at('/var/share/myassets', '/assets'),
// and you have a file /var/share/myassets/main.css .
// => That file will be available at URL: http://server/assets/main.css .
pub fn (mut ctx Context) mount_static_folder_at(directory_path string, mount_path string) bool {
if ctx.done || mount_path.len < 1 || mount_path[0] != `/` || !os.exists(directory_path) {
return false
}
dir_path := directory_path.trim_right('/')
trim_mount_path := mount_path.trim_left('/').trim_right('/')
ctx.scan_static_directory(dir_path, '/$trim_mount_path')
return true
}
// Serves a file static
// `url` is the access path on the site, `file_path` is the real path to the file, `mime_type` is the file type
pub fn (mut ctx Context) serve_static(url string, file_path string) {
ctx.static_files[url] = file_path
// ctx.static_mime_types[url] = mime_type
ext := os.file_ext(file_path)
ctx.static_mime_types[url] = vweb.mime_types[ext]
}
// Returns the ip address from the current user
pub fn (ctx &Context) ip() string {
mut ip := ctx.req.header.get(.x_forwarded_for) or { '' }
if ip == '' {
ip = ctx.req.header.get_custom('X-Real-Ip') or { '' }
}
if ip.contains(',') {
ip = ip.all_before(',')
}
if ip == '' {
ip = ctx.conn.peer_ip() or { '' }
}
return ip
}
// Set s to the form error
pub fn (mut ctx Context) error(s string) {
println('vweb error: $s')
ctx.form_error = s
}
// Returns an empty result
pub fn not_found() Result {
return Result{}
}
fn send_string(mut conn net.TcpConn, s string) ? {
$if trace_response ? {
eprintln('> send_string:\n$s\n')
}
conn.write(s.bytes()) ?
}
// Do not delete.
// It used by `vlib/v/gen/c/str_intp.v:130` for string interpolation inside vweb templates
// TODO: move it to template render
fn filter(s string) string {
return s.replace_each([
'<',
'&lt;',
'"',
'&quot;',
'&',
'&amp;',
])
}