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v/vlib/rand/rand.v

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// Copyright (c) 2019-2021 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
module rand
import rand.seed
import rand.wyrand
import time
// PRNGConfigStruct is a configuration struct for creating a new instance of the default RNG.
// Note that the RNGs may have a different number of u32s required for seeding. The default
// generator WyRand used 64 bits, ie. 2 u32s so that is the default. In case your desired generator
// uses a different number of u32s, use the `seed.time_seed_array()` method with the correct
// number of u32s.
pub struct PRNGConfigStruct {
seed []u32 = seed.time_seed_array(2)
}
// PRNG is a common interface for all PRNGs that can be used seamlessly with the rand
// modules's API. It defines all the methods that a PRNG (in the vlib or custom made) must
// implement in order to ensure that _all_ functions can be used with the generator.
pub interface PRNG {
seed(seed_data []u32)
u32() u32
u64() u64
u32n(max u32) u32
u64n(max u64) u64
u32_in_range(min u32, max u32) u32
u64_in_range(min u64, max u64) u64
int() int
i64() i64
int31() int
int63() i64
intn(max int) int
i64n(max i64) i64
int_in_range(min int, max int) int
i64_in_range(min i64, max i64) i64
f32() f32
f64() f64
f32n(max f32) f32
f64n(max f64) f64
f32_in_range(min f32, max f32) f32
f64_in_range(min f64, max f64) f64
}
__global (
default_rng &PRNG
)
// init initializes the default RNG.
fn init() {
default_rng = new_default({})
}
// new_default returns a new instance of the default RNG. If the seed is not provided, the current time will be used to seed the instance.
pub fn new_default(config PRNGConfigStruct) &PRNG {
mut rng := &wyrand.WyRandRNG{}
rng.seed(config.seed)
return rng
}
// get_current_rng returns the PRNG instance currently in use. If it is not changed, it will be an instance of wyrand.WyRandRNG.
pub fn get_current_rng() &PRNG {
return default_rng
}
// set_rng changes the default RNG from wyrand.WyRandRNG (or whatever the last RNG was) to the one
// provided by the user. Note that this new RNG must be seeded manually with a constant seed or the
// `seed.time_seed_array()` method. Also, it is recommended to store the old RNG in a variable and
// should be restored if work with the custom RNG is complete. It is not necessary to restore if the
// program terminates soon afterwards.
pub fn set_rng(rng &PRNG) {
default_rng = unsafe { rng }
}
// seed sets the given array of `u32` values as the seed for the `default_rng`. The default_rng is
// an instance of WyRandRNG which takes 2 u32 values. When using a custom RNG, make sure to use
// the correct number of u32s.
pub fn seed(seed []u32) {
default_rng.seed(seed)
}
// u32 returns a uniformly distributed `u32` in range `[0, 2³²)`.
pub fn u32() u32 {
return default_rng.u32()
}
// u64 returns a uniformly distributed `u64` in range `[0, 2⁶⁴)`.
pub fn u64() u64 {
return default_rng.u64()
}
// u32n returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 32-bit signed positive `u32` in range `[0, max)`.
pub fn u32n(max u32) u32 {
return default_rng.u32n(max)
}
// u64n returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 64-bit signed positive `u64` in range `[0, max)`.
pub fn u64n(max u64) u64 {
return default_rng.u64n(max)
}
// u32_in_range returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 32-bit unsigned `u32` in range `[min, max)`.
pub fn u32_in_range(min u32, max u32) u32 {
return default_rng.u32_in_range(min, max)
}
// u64_in_range returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 64-bit unsigned `u64` in range `[min, max)`.
pub fn u64_in_range(min u64, max u64) u64 {
return default_rng.u64_in_range(min, max)
}
// int returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 32-bit signed (possibly negative) `int`.
pub fn int() int {
return default_rng.int()
}
// intn returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 32-bit signed positive `int` in range `[0, max)`.
pub fn intn(max int) int {
return default_rng.intn(max)
}
// byte returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 8-bit unsigned positive `byte`.
pub fn byte() byte {
return byte(default_rng.u32() & 0xff)
}
// int_in_range returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 32-bit signed int in range `[min, max)`.
// Both `min` and `max` can be negative, but we must have `min < max`.
pub fn int_in_range(min int, max int) int {
return default_rng.int_in_range(min, max)
}
// int31 returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 31-bit signed positive `int`.
pub fn int31() int {
return default_rng.int31()
}
// i64 returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 64-bit signed (possibly negative) `i64`.
pub fn i64() i64 {
return default_rng.i64()
}
// i64n returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 64-bit signed positive `i64` in range `[0, max)`.
pub fn i64n(max i64) i64 {
return default_rng.i64n(max)
}
// i64_in_range returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 64-bit signed `i64` in range `[min, max)`.
pub fn i64_in_range(min i64, max i64) i64 {
return default_rng.i64_in_range(min, max)
}
// int63 returns a uniformly distributed pseudorandom 63-bit signed positive `i64`.
pub fn int63() i64 {
return default_rng.int63()
}
// f32 returns a uniformly distributed 32-bit floating point in range `[0, 1)`.
pub fn f32() f32 {
return default_rng.f32()
}
// f64 returns a uniformly distributed 64-bit floating point in range `[0, 1)`.
pub fn f64() f64 {
return default_rng.f64()
}
// f32n returns a uniformly distributed 32-bit floating point in range `[0, max)`.
pub fn f32n(max f32) f32 {
return default_rng.f32n(max)
}
// f64n returns a uniformly distributed 64-bit floating point in range `[0, max)`.
pub fn f64n(max f64) f64 {
return default_rng.f64n(max)
}
// f32_in_range returns a uniformly distributed 32-bit floating point in range `[min, max)`.
pub fn f32_in_range(min f32, max f32) f32 {
return default_rng.f32_in_range(min, max)
}
// f64_in_range returns a uniformly distributed 64-bit floating point in range `[min, max)`.
pub fn f64_in_range(min f64, max f64) f64 {
return default_rng.f64_in_range(min, max)
}
const (
english_letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
hex_chars = 'abcdef0123456789'
ascii_chars = '!"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\\^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~'
)
// string_from_set returns a string of length `len` containing random characters sampled from the given `charset`
pub fn string_from_set(charset string, len int) string {
if len == 0 {
return ''
}
mut buf := unsafe { malloc(len + 1) }
for i in 0 .. len {
unsafe {
buf[i] = charset[intn(charset.len)]
}
}
unsafe {
buf[len] = 0
}
return unsafe { buf.vstring_with_len(len) }
}
// string returns a string of length `len` containing random characters in range `[a-zA-Z]`.
pub fn string(len int) string {
return string_from_set(rand.english_letters, len)
}
// hex returns a hexadecimal number of length `len` containing random characters in range `[a-f0-9]`.
pub fn hex(len int) string {
return string_from_set(rand.hex_chars, len)
}
// ascii returns a random string of the printable ASCII characters with length `len`.
pub fn ascii(len int) string {
return string_from_set(rand.ascii_chars, len)
}
// uuid_v4 generates a random (v4) UUID
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier#Version_4_(random)
pub fn uuid_v4() string {
buflen := 36
mut buf := unsafe { malloc(37) }
mut i_buf := 0
mut x := u64(0)
mut d := byte(0)
for i_buf < buflen {
mut c := 0
x = default_rng.u64()
// do most of the bit manipulation at once:
x &= 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F
x += 0x3030303030303030
// write the ASCII codes to the buffer:
for c < 8 && i_buf < buflen {
d = byte(x)
unsafe {
buf[i_buf] = if d > 0x39 { d + 0x27 } else { d }
}
i_buf++
c++
x = x >> 8
}
}
// there are still some random bits in x:
x = x >> 8
d = byte(x)
unsafe {
buf[19] = if d > 0x39 { d + 0x27 } else { d }
buf[8] = `-`
buf[13] = `-`
buf[18] = `-`
buf[23] = `-`
buf[14] = `4`
buf[buflen] = 0
return buf.vstring_with_len(buflen)
}
}
const (
ulid_encoding = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'
)
// ulid generates an Unique Lexicographically sortable IDentifier.
// See https://github.com/ulid/spec .
// NB: ULIDs can leak timing information, if you make them public, because
// you can infer the rate at which some resource is being created, like
// users or business transactions.
// (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14526173)
pub fn ulid() string {
return ulid_at_millisecond(time.utc().unix_time_milli())
}
// ulid_at_millisecond does the same as `ulid` but takes a custom Unix millisecond timestamp via `unix_time_milli`.
pub fn ulid_at_millisecond(unix_time_milli u64) string {
buflen := 26
mut buf := unsafe { malloc(27) }
mut t := unix_time_milli
mut i := 9
for i >= 0 {
unsafe {
buf[i] = rand.ulid_encoding[t & 0x1F]
}
t = t >> 5
i--
}
// first rand set
mut x := default_rng.u64()
i = 10
for i < 19 {
unsafe {
buf[i] = rand.ulid_encoding[x & 0x1F]
}
x = x >> 5
i++
}
// second rand set
x = default_rng.u64()
for i < 26 {
unsafe {
buf[i] = rand.ulid_encoding[x & 0x1F]
}
x = x >> 5
i++
}
unsafe {
buf[26] = 0
return buf.vstring_with_len(buflen)
}
}