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README.md
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README.md
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# Windows2usb
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**Burn Windows ISO to USB Flash Drive on Linux**
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## What is this?
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Windows2usb is a bash script which writes Microsoft Windows 7/8/8.1/10 installation DVD images to USB Flash Drive or external HDD on Linux. It was designed with compatibility in mind, and should work in all cases, contrary to other popular Linux tools.
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Features:
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* Fully automatic, no preparations required
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* Supports BIOS and UEFI, FAT32 and NTFS
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* Supports custom Windows ISOs with install.wim > 4GiB
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* Uses stock Windows bootloaders where possible
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* Does not break UEFI Secure Boot chain
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## How to use?
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Download latest [portable AppImage version](https://github.com/ValdikSS/windows2usb/releases) from the **Releases** page, set *execution bit* (`chmod +x windows2usb-*.AppImage`) and run it from the terminal.
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`windows2usb <device> <windows iso> <mbr/gpt/gptntfs>`
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The program prints removable storage list if no arguments supplied.
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### BIOS Boot
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BIOS Boot (Legacy Boot/UEFI-CSM) uses stock Windows 7 MBR and NTFS bootloader, courtesy of [ms-sys](http://ms-sys.sourceforge.net/) project.
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Use this mode if you have old computer without UEFI support or want maximum compatibility of installation media.
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To burn ISO in this mode, run:
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`windows2usb <device> <windows iso> mbr`
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### UEFI Boot
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UEFI Boot (`gpt` mode) creates FAT32 partition with stock Windows UEFI bootloader.
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This mode will not work on old computers. Use this mode for new computers with UEFI support.
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This mode supports UEFI Secure Boot.
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To burn ISO in this mode, run:
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`windows2usb <device> <windows iso> gpt`
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### UEFI Boot with NTFS Partition
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UEFI Boot with NTFS partition uses [uefi-ntfs](https://github.com/pbatard/uefi-ntfs) bootloader from Rufus project.
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This mode is made for custom installation disks with install.wim file greater than 4 GiB, which could be found on various torrent trackers. **Windows2usb** creates 2 partitions in this mode, small 1 MiB FAT32 partition with **uefi-ntfs** and huge NTFS partition with ISO data.
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This mode does not support Secure Boot (uefi-ntfs bootloader is not signed by Microsoft or other trusted party).
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To burn ISO in this mode, run:
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`windows2usb <device> <windows iso> gptntfs`
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If your ISO contains install.wim greater than 4 GiB, `gpt` mode will automatically detect that and terminate the writing process.
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## Alternatives
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[WoeUSB](https://github.com/slacka/WoeUSB)—does not support NTFS partitioning and install.wim > 4GiB; uses GRUB for BIOS Boot.
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## Credits
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This script uses:
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* **lsblk** and **sfdisk** from [util-linux](https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/)
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* [**ms-sys**](http://ms-sys.sourceforge.net/) for native Windows 7 MBR and NTFS bootloaders
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* [**p7zip**](https://www.7-zip.org/) for ISO extraction
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192
windows2usb
Executable file
192
windows2usb
Executable file
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#!/bin/bash
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set -e # errexit
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set -f # noglob
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set +o braceexpand # disable braceexpand
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shopt -s nocasematch # for "if labeltype"
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export LANG=C
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bold="$(tput bold)"
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normal="$(tput sgr0)"
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scriptpath="$(readlink -f -- "$0")"
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dirpath="$(dirname "$scriptpath")"
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function check_requirements() {
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local reqs=(awk lsblk 7z mkfs.vfat mkfs.ntfs sfdisk ms-sys mktemp)
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for req in ${reqs[*]}; do
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if ! command -v "$req" > /dev/null;
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then
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echo "${bold} == ERROR: $req is required but not found ==${normal}"
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exit 104
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fi
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done
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}
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function list_removable_drives() {
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lsblk -d -I 8 -o RM,NAME,SIZE,MODEL | \
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awk '($1 == 1) {print "/dev/" substr($0, index($0, $2))}'
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}
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function format_drive() {
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if [[ "$1" == "dos" ]] || [[ "$1" == "gpt" ]];
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then
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echo "label: $1" | sfdisk "$2"
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else
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echo "${bold} == format_drive: INTERNAL ERROR ==${normal}"
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exit 101
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fi
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}
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function check_installwim_gt4gib() {
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7z l "$1" | awk '($6 ~ /install.wim/) {if ($4 > 429496296) {exit 1}; exit}'
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}
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function create_partitions() {
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local mbrscript="- - 7 *"
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local gptscript="- - U *"
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local gptntfsscript="- 1MiB U *\n- - EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 *"
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if [[ "$1" == "dos" ]] || [[ "$1" == "gpt" ]] || [[ "$1" == "gptntfs" ]];
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then
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if [[ "$1" == "dos" ]];
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then
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echo -e "$mbrscript" | sfdisk "$2"
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elif [[ "$1" == "gpt" ]];
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then
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echo -e "$gptscript" | sfdisk "$2"
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elif [[ "$1" == "gptntfs" ]];
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then
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echo -e "$gptntfsscript" | sfdisk "$2"
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fi
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else
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echo "${bold} == create_partitions: INTERNAL ERROR ==${normal}"
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exit 102
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fi
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}
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function write_uefintfs() {
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cat "$dirpath/uefi-ntfs.img" > "$1"
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}
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function extract_iso() {
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# $1 - isopath
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# $2 - destdir
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7z x "$1" -o"$2"
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}
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function umount_rm_path() {
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umount "$1" || true
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rm -r "$1"
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}
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function sigint_handler() {
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umount_rm_path "$partpath"
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}
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if [[ ! "$3" ]];
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then
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echo "Windows 7/8/8.1/10 ISO to Flash Drive burning utility"
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echo "$(basename "$0")" "<device> <windows iso> <mbr/gpt/gptntfs>"
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echo
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echo "Use MBR mode for old computers with BIOS (without UEFI), or for UEFI legacy mode (CSM)."
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echo "Use GPT mode for new UEFI computers."
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echo "Use 'gptntfs' mode for custom ISO images with install.wim file greater than 4 GiB."
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echo "NOTE: gptntfs does not support Secure Boot!"
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echo
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echo "${bold} == Removable storage list ==${normal}"
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list_removable_drives
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exit
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fi
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if [[ "$EUID" == "0" ]];
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then
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dev="$1"
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isopath="$2"
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labeltype="$3"
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partpath="$(mktemp -d /run/winiso-write.XXXXXXXXXX)"
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check_requirements
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trap sigint_handler INT
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# MBR
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if [[ "$labeltype" == "mbr" ]];
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then
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echo "${bold} == Creating new MBR-formatted partition table ==${normal}"
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format_drive "dos" "$dev"
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echo "${bold} == Creating NTFS partition ==${normal}"
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create_partitions "dos" "$dev"
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mkfs.ntfs -f "${dev}1"
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echo "${bold} == Writing bootloader ==${normal}"
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ms-sys -7 "${dev}"
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ms-sys -n "${dev}1"
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echo "${bold} == Mounting data partition ==${normal}"
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mount "${dev}1" "$partpath"
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# GPT
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elif [[ "$labeltype" == "gpt" ]];
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then
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if check_installwim_gt4gib "$isopath";
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then
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echo "${bold} == ERROR: install.wim is greater than 4 GiB ==${normal}"
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echo "${bold} == ERROR: Please use gptntfs mode ==${normal}"
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umount_rm_path "$partpath"
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exit 103
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fi
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echo "${bold} == Creating new GPT-formatted partition table ==${normal}"
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format_drive "gpt" "$dev"
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echo "${bold} == Creating UEFI FAT partition ==${normal}"
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create_partitions "gpt" "$dev"
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mkfs.vfat "${dev}1"
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echo "${bold} == Mounting data partition ==${normal}"
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mount "${dev}1" "$partpath"
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# GPT FAT32 + NTFS
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elif [[ "$labeltype" == "gptntfs" ]];
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then
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echo "${bold} == Creating new GPT-formatted partition table ==${normal}"
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format_drive "gpt" "$dev"
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echo "${bold} == Creating UEFI FAT and Microsoft NTFS partitions ==${normal}"
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create_partitions "gptntfs" "$dev"
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write_uefintfs "${dev}1"
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mkfs.ntfs -f "${dev}2"
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echo "${bold} == Mounting data partition ==${normal}"
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mount "${dev}2" "$partpath"
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fi
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echo "${bold} == Extracting files from ISO to the partition ==${normal}"
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extract_iso "$isopath" "$partpath"
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echo "${bold} == Unmounting partition ==${normal}"
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umount_rm_path "$partpath"
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echo "${bold} == All done! ==${normal}"
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else
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if [[ "$APPIMAGE" ]];
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then
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scriptpath="$APPIMAGE"
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fi;
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privescs=(pkexec sudo)
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for privesc in ${privescs[*]}; do
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if command -v "$privesc" > /dev/null; then
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"$privesc" "$scriptpath" "$@"
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exit
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fi
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done
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echo "${bold} == ERROR: no pkexec or sudo found. ==${normal}"
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echo "${bold} == ERROR: please run this script as root manually. ==${normal}"
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fi
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