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v/vlib/os/os.v

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// Copyright (c) 2019-2022 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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module os
import strings
pub const max_path_len = 4096
pub const wd_at_startup = getwd()
const f_ok = 0
const x_ok = 1
const w_ok = 2
const r_ok = 4
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pub struct Result {
pub:
exit_code int
output string
// stderr string // TODO
}
pub struct Command {
mut:
f voidptr
pub mut:
eof bool
exit_code int
pub:
path string
redirect_stdout bool
}
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[unsafe]
pub fn (mut result Result) free() {
unsafe { result.output.free() }
}
// executable_fallback is used when there is not a more platform specific and accurate implementation.
// It relies on path manipulation of os.args[0] and os.wd_at_startup, so it may not work properly in
// all cases, but it should be better, than just using os.args[0] directly.
fn executable_fallback() string {
if args.len == 0 {
// we are early in the bootstrap, os.args has not been initialized yet :-|
return ''
}
mut exepath := args[0]
$if windows {
if !exepath.contains('.exe') {
exepath += '.exe'
}
}
if !is_abs_path(exepath) {
other_seperator := if path_separator == '/' { '\\' } else { '/' }
rexepath := exepath.replace(other_seperator, path_separator)
if rexepath.contains(path_separator) {
exepath = join_path_single(os.wd_at_startup, exepath)
} else {
// no choice but to try to walk the PATH folders :-| ...
foundpath := find_abs_path_of_executable(exepath) or { '' }
if foundpath.len > 0 {
exepath = foundpath
}
}
}
exepath = real_path(exepath)
return exepath
}
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// cp_all will recursively copy `src` to `dst`,
// optionally overwriting files or dirs in `dst`.
pub fn cp_all(src string, dst string, overwrite bool) ! {
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source_path := real_path(src)
dest_path := real_path(dst)
if !exists(source_path) {
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return error("Source path doesn't exist")
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}
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// single file copy
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if !is_dir(source_path) {
fname := file_name(source_path)
adjusted_path := if is_dir(dest_path) {
join_path_single(dest_path, fname)
} else {
dest_path
}
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if exists(adjusted_path) {
if overwrite {
rm(adjusted_path)!
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} else {
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return error('Destination file path already exist')
}
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}
cp(source_path, adjusted_path)!
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return
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}
if !exists(dest_path) {
mkdir(dest_path)!
}
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if !is_dir(dest_path) {
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return error('Destination path is not a valid directory')
}
files := ls(source_path)!
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for file in files {
sp := join_path_single(source_path, file)
dp := join_path_single(dest_path, file)
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if is_dir(sp) {
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if !exists(dp) {
mkdir(dp)!
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}
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}
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cp_all(sp, dp, overwrite) or {
rmdir(dp) or { return err }
return err
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}
}
}
// mv_by_cp first copies the source file, and if it is copied successfully, deletes the source file.
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// may be used when you are not sure that the source and target are on the same mount/partition.
pub fn mv_by_cp(source string, target string) ! {
cp(source, target)!
rm(source)!
}
// read_lines reads the file in `path` into an array of lines.
[manualfree]
pub fn read_lines(path string) ![]string {
buf := read_file(path)!
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res := buf.split_into_lines()
unsafe { buf.free() }
return res
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}
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// sigint_to_signal_name will translate `si` signal integer code to it's string code representation.
pub fn sigint_to_signal_name(si int) string {
// POSIX signals:
match si {
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1 { return 'SIGHUP' }
2 { return 'SIGINT' }
3 { return 'SIGQUIT' }
4 { return 'SIGILL' }
6 { return 'SIGABRT' }
8 { return 'SIGFPE' }
9 { return 'SIGKILL' }
11 { return 'SIGSEGV' }
13 { return 'SIGPIPE' }
14 { return 'SIGALRM' }
15 { return 'SIGTERM' }
else {}
}
$if linux {
// From `man 7 signal` on linux:
match si {
// TODO dependent on platform
// works only on x86/ARM/most others
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10 /* , 30, 16 */ { return 'SIGUSR1' }
12 /* , 31, 17 */ { return 'SIGUSR2' }
17 /* , 20, 18 */ { return 'SIGCHLD' }
18 /* , 19, 25 */ { return 'SIGCONT' }
19 /* , 17, 23 */ { return 'SIGSTOP' }
20 /* , 18, 24 */ { return 'SIGTSTP' }
21 /* , 26 */ { return 'SIGTTIN' }
22 /* , 27 */ { return 'SIGTTOU' }
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// /////////////////////////////
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5 { return 'SIGTRAP' }
7 { return 'SIGBUS' }
else {}
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}
}
return 'unknown'
}
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// rmdir_all recursively removes the specified directory.
pub fn rmdir_all(path string) ! {
mut ret_err := ''
items := ls(path)!
for item in items {
fullpath := join_path_single(path, item)
if is_dir(fullpath) && !is_link(fullpath) {
rmdir_all(fullpath) or { ret_err = err.msg() }
} else {
rm(fullpath) or { ret_err = err.msg() }
}
}
rmdir(path) or { ret_err = err.msg() }
if ret_err.len > 0 {
return error(ret_err)
}
}
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// is_dir_empty will return a `bool` whether or not `path` is empty.
// Note that it will return `true` if `path` does not exist.
[manualfree]
pub fn is_dir_empty(path string) bool {
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items := ls(path) or { return true }
res := items.len == 0
unsafe { items.free() }
return res
}
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// file_ext will return the part after the last occurence of `.` in `path`.
// The `.` is included.
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// Examples:
// ```v
// assert os.file_ext('file.v') == '.v'
// assert os.file_ext('.ignore_me') == ''
// assert os.file_ext('.') == ''
// ```
pub fn file_ext(opath string) string {
if opath.len < 3 {
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return empty_str
}
path := file_name(opath)
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pos := path.last_index(dot_str) or { return empty_str }
if pos + 1 >= path.len || pos == 0 {
return empty_str
}
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return path[pos..]
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}
// dir returns all but the last element of path, typically the path's directory.
// After dropping the final element, trailing slashes are removed.
// If the path is empty, dir returns ".". If the path consists entirely of separators,
// dir returns a single separator.
// The returned path does not end in a separator unless it is the root directory.
pub fn dir(opath string) string {
if opath == '' {
return '.'
}
other_seperator := if path_separator == '/' { '\\' } else { '/' }
path := opath.replace(other_seperator, path_separator)
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pos := path.last_index(path_separator) or { return '.' }
if pos == 0 && path_separator == '/' {
return '/'
}
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return path[..pos]
}
// base returns the last element of path.
// Trailing path separators are removed before extracting the last element.
// If the path is empty, base returns ".". If the path consists entirely of separators, base returns a
// single separator.
pub fn base(opath string) string {
if opath == '' {
return '.'
}
other_seperator := if path_separator == '/' { '\\' } else { '/' }
path := opath.replace(other_seperator, path_separator)
if path == path_separator {
return path_separator
}
if path.ends_with(path_separator) {
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path2 := path[..path.len - 1]
pos := path2.last_index(path_separator) or { return path2.clone() }
return path2[pos + 1..]
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}
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pos := path.last_index(path_separator) or { return path.clone() }
return path[pos + 1..]
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}
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// file_name will return all characters found after the last occurence of `path_separator`.
// file extension is included.
pub fn file_name(opath string) string {
other_seperator := if path_separator == '/' { '\\' } else { '/' }
path := opath.replace(other_seperator, path_separator)
return path.all_after_last(path_separator)
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}
// input_opt returns a one-line string from stdin, after printing a prompt.
// In the event of error (end of input), it returns `none`.
pub fn input_opt(prompt string) ?string {
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print(prompt)
flush()
res := get_raw_line()
if res.len > 0 {
return res.trim_right('\r\n')
}
return none
}
// input returns a one-line string from stdin, after printing a prompt.
// In the event of error (end of input), it returns '<EOF>'.
pub fn input(prompt string) string {
res := input_opt(prompt) or { return '<EOF>' }
return res
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}
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// get_line returns a one-line string from stdin
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pub fn get_line() string {
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str := get_raw_line()
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$if windows {
return str.trim_right('\r\n')
}
return str.trim_right('\n')
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}
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// get_lines returns an array of strings read from from stdin.
// reading is stopped when an empty line is read.
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pub fn get_lines() []string {
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mut line := ''
mut inputstr := []string{}
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for {
line = get_line()
if line.len <= 0 {
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break
}
line = line.trim_space()
inputstr << line
}
return inputstr
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}
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// get_lines_joined returns a string of the values read from from stdin.
// reading is stopped when an empty line is read.
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pub fn get_lines_joined() string {
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mut line := ''
mut inputstr := ''
for {
line = get_line()
if line.len <= 0 {
break
}
line = line.trim_space()
inputstr += line
}
return inputstr
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}
// get_raw_lines_joined reads *all* input lines from stdin.
// It returns them as one large string. Note: unlike os.get_lines_joined,
// empty lines (that contain only `\r\n` or `\n`), will be present in
// the output.
// Reading is stopped, only on EOF of stdin.
pub fn get_raw_lines_joined() string {
mut line := ''
mut lines := []string{}
for {
line = get_raw_line()
if line.len <= 0 {
break
}
lines << line
}
res := lines.join('')
return res
}
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// user_os returns current user operating system name.
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pub fn user_os() string {
$if linux {
return 'linux'
}
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$if macos {
return 'macos'
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}
$if windows {
return 'windows'
}
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$if freebsd {
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return 'freebsd'
}
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$if openbsd {
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return 'openbsd'
}
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$if netbsd {
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return 'netbsd'
}
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$if dragonfly {
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return 'dragonfly'
}
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$if android {
return 'android'
}
$if termux {
return 'termux'
}
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$if solaris {
return 'solaris'
}
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$if haiku {
return 'haiku'
}
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$if serenity {
return 'serenity'
}
$if vinix {
return 'vinix'
}
if getenv('TERMUX_VERSION') != '' {
return 'termux'
}
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return 'unknown'
}
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// user_names returns an array of the name of every user on the system.
pub fn user_names() ![]string {
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$if windows {
result := execute('wmic useraccount get name')
if result.exit_code != 0 {
return error('Failed to get user names. Exited with code ${result.exit_code}: ${result.output}')
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}
mut users := result.output.split_into_lines()
// windows command prints an empty line at the end of output
users.delete(users.len - 1)
return users
} $else {
lines := read_lines('/etc/passwd')!
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mut users := []string{cap: lines.len}
for line in lines {
end_name := line.index(':') or { line.len }
users << line[0..end_name]
}
return users
}
}
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// home_dir returns path to the user's home directory.
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pub fn home_dir() string {
$if windows {
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return getenv('USERPROFILE')
} $else {
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// println('home_dir() call')
// res:= os.getenv('HOME')
// println('res="$res"')
return getenv('HOME')
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}
}
// expand_tilde_to_home expands the character `~` in `path` to the user's home directory.
// See also `home_dir()`.
pub fn expand_tilde_to_home(path string) string {
if path == '~' {
return home_dir().trim_right(path_separator)
}
if path.starts_with('~' + path_separator) {
return path.replace_once('~' + path_separator, home_dir().trim_right(path_separator) +
path_separator)
}
return path
}
// write_file writes `text` data to the file in `path`.
// If `path` exists, the contents of `path` will be overwritten with the contents of `text`.
pub fn write_file(path string, text string) ! {
mut f := create(path)!
unsafe { f.write_full_buffer(text.str, usize(text.len))! }
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f.close()
}
pub struct ExecutableNotFoundError {
Error
}
pub fn (err ExecutableNotFoundError) msg() string {
return 'os: failed to find executable'
}
fn error_failed_to_find_executable() IError {
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return &ExecutableNotFoundError{}
}
// find_abs_path_of_executable walks the environment PATH, just like most shell do, it returns
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// the absolute path of the executable if found
pub fn find_abs_path_of_executable(exepath string) !string {
if exepath == '' {
return error('expected non empty `exepath`')
}
for suffix in executable_suffixes {
fexepath := exepath + suffix
if is_abs_path(fexepath) {
return real_path(fexepath)
}
mut res := ''
path := getenv('PATH')
paths := path.split(path_delimiter)
for p in paths {
found_abs_path := join_path_single(p, fexepath)
$if trace_find_abs_path_of_executable ? {
dump(found_abs_path)
}
if exists(found_abs_path) && is_executable(found_abs_path) {
res = found_abs_path
break
}
}
if res.len > 0 {
return real_path(res)
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}
}
return error_failed_to_find_executable()
}
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// exists_in_system_path returns `true` if `prog` exists in the system's PATH
pub fn exists_in_system_path(prog string) bool {
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find_abs_path_of_executable(prog) or { return false }
return true
}
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// is_file returns a `bool` indicating whether the given `path` is a file.
pub fn is_file(path string) bool {
return exists(path) && !is_dir(path)
}
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// join_path returns a path as string from input string parameter(s).
[manualfree]
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pub fn join_path(base string, dirs ...string) string {
// TODO: fix freeing of `dirs` when the passed arguments are variadic,
// but do not free the arr, when `os.join_path(base, ...arr)` is called.
mut sb := strings.new_builder(base.len + dirs.len * 50)
defer {
unsafe { sb.free() }
}
sbase := base.trim_right('\\/')
defer {
unsafe { sbase.free() }
}
sb.write_string(sbase)
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for d in dirs {
sb.write_string(path_separator)
sb.write_string(d)
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}
return sb.str()
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}
// join_path_single appends the `elem` after `base`, using a platform specific
// path_separator.
[manualfree]
pub fn join_path_single(base string, elem string) string {
// TODO: deprecate this and make it `return os.join_path(base, elem)`,
// when freeing variadic args vs ...arr is solved in the compiler
mut sb := strings.new_builder(base.len + elem.len + 1)
defer {
unsafe { sb.free() }
}
sbase := base.trim_right('\\/')
defer {
unsafe { sbase.free() }
}
sb.write_string(sbase)
sb.write_string(path_separator)
sb.write_string(elem)
return sb.str()
}
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// walk_ext returns a recursive list of all files in `path` ending with `ext`.
pub fn walk_ext(path string, ext string) []string {
mut res := []string{}
impl_walk_ext(path, ext, mut res)
return res
}
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fn impl_walk_ext(path string, ext string, mut out []string) {
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if !is_dir(path) {
return
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}
mut files := ls(path) or { return }
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separator := if path.ends_with(path_separator) { '' } else { path_separator }
for file in files {
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if file.starts_with('.') {
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continue
}
p := path + separator + file
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if is_dir(p) && !is_link(p) {
impl_walk_ext(p, ext, mut out)
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} else if file.ends_with(ext) {
out << p
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}
}
}
// walk traverses the given directory `path`.
// When a file is encountred, it will call the callback `f` with current file as argument.
// Note: walk can be called even for deeply nested folders,
// since it does not recurse, but processes them iteratively.
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pub fn walk(path string, f fn (string)) {
if path.len == 0 {
return
}
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if !is_dir(path) {
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return
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}
mut remaining := []string{cap: 1000}
clean_path := path.trim_right(path_separator)
$if windows {
remaining << clean_path.replace('/', '\\')
} $else {
remaining << clean_path
}
for remaining.len > 0 {
cpath := remaining.pop()
pkind := kind_of_existing_path(cpath)
if pkind.is_link || !pkind.is_dir {
f(cpath)
continue
}
mut files := ls(cpath) or { continue }
for idx := files.len - 1; idx >= 0; idx-- {
remaining << cpath + path_separator + files[idx]
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}
}
}
// FnWalkContextCB is used to define the callback functions, passed to os.walk_context
pub type FnWalkContextCB = fn (voidptr, string)
// walk_with_context traverses the given directory `path`.
// For each encountred file *and* directory, it will call your `fcb` callback,
// passing it the arbitrary `context` in its first parameter,
// and the path to the file in its second parameter.
// Note: walk_with_context can be called even for deeply nested folders,
// since it does not recurse, but processes them iteratively.
pub fn walk_with_context(path string, context voidptr, fcb FnWalkContextCB) {
if path.len == 0 {
return
}
if !is_dir(path) {
return
}
mut remaining := []string{cap: 1000}
clean_path := path.trim_right(path_separator)
$if windows {
remaining << clean_path.replace('/', '\\')
} $else {
remaining << clean_path
}
mut loops := 0
for remaining.len > 0 {
loops++
cpath := remaining.pop()
// call `fcb` for everything, but the initial folder:
if loops > 1 {
fcb(context, cpath)
}
pkind := kind_of_existing_path(cpath)
if pkind.is_link || !pkind.is_dir {
continue
}
mut files := ls(cpath) or { continue }
for idx := files.len - 1; idx >= 0; idx-- {
remaining << cpath + path_separator + files[idx]
}
}
}
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// log will print "os.log: "+`s` ...
pub fn log(s string) {
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println('os.log: ' + s)
}
[params]
pub struct MkdirParams {
mode u32 = 0o777 // note that the actual mode is affected by the process's umask
}
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// mkdir_all will create a valid full path of all directories given in `path`.
pub fn mkdir_all(opath string, params MkdirParams) ! {
other_seperator := if path_separator == '/' { '\\' } else { '/' }
path := opath.replace(other_seperator, path_separator)
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mut p := if path.starts_with(path_separator) { path_separator } else { '' }
path_parts := path.trim_left(path_separator).split(path_separator)
for subdir in path_parts {
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p += subdir + path_separator
if exists(p) && is_dir(p) {
continue
}
mkdir(p, params) or { return error('folder: ${p}, error: ${err}') }
}
}
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// cache_dir returns the path to a *writable* user specific folder, suitable for writing non-essential data.
pub fn cache_dir() string {
// See: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
// There is a single base directory relative to which user-specific non-essential
// (cached) data should be written. This directory is defined by the environment
// variable $XDG_CACHE_HOME.
// $XDG_CACHE_HOME defines the base directory relative to which user specific
// non-essential data files should be stored. If $XDG_CACHE_HOME is either not set
// or empty, a default equal to $HOME/.cache should be used.
xdg_cache_home := getenv('XDG_CACHE_HOME')
if xdg_cache_home != '' {
return xdg_cache_home
}
cdir := join_path_single(home_dir(), '.cache')
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if !is_dir(cdir) && !is_link(cdir) {
mkdir(cdir) or { panic(err) }
}
return cdir
}
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// temp_dir returns the path to a folder, that is suitable for storing temporary files.
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pub fn temp_dir() string {
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mut path := getenv('TMPDIR')
$if windows {
if path == '' {
// TODO see Qt's implementation?
// https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qdir.html#tempPath
// https://github.com/qt/qtbase/blob/e164d61ca8263fc4b46fdd916e1ea77c7dd2b735/src/corelib/io/qfilesystemengine_win.cpp#L1275
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path = getenv('TEMP')
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if path == '' {
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path = getenv('TMP')
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}
if path == '' {
path = 'C:/tmp'
}
}
}
$if macos {
// avoid /var/folders/6j/cmsk8gd90pd.... on macs
return '/tmp'
}
$if android {
// TODO test+use '/data/local/tmp' on Android before using cache_dir()
if path == '' {
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path = cache_dir()
}
}
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if path == '' {
path = '/tmp'
}
return path
}
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// vtmp_dir returns the path to a folder, that is writable to V programs, *and* specific
// to the OS user. It can be overriden by setting the env variable `VTMP`.
pub fn vtmp_dir() string {
mut vtmp := getenv('VTMP')
if vtmp.len > 0 {
return vtmp
}
uid := getuid()
vtmp = join_path_single(temp_dir(), 'v_${uid}')
if !exists(vtmp) || !is_dir(vtmp) {
// create a new directory, that is private to the user:
mkdir_all(vtmp, mode: 0o700) or { panic(err) }
}
setenv('VTMP', vtmp, true)
return vtmp
}
fn default_vmodules_path() string {
hdir := home_dir()
res := join_path_single(hdir, '.vmodules')
return res
}
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// vmodules_dir returns the path to a folder, where v stores its global modules.
pub fn vmodules_dir() string {
paths := vmodules_paths()
if paths.len > 0 {
return paths[0]
}
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return default_vmodules_path()
}
// vmodules_paths returns a list of paths, where v looks up for modules.
// You can customize it through setting the environment variable VMODULES
// [manualfree]
pub fn vmodules_paths() []string {
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mut path := getenv('VMODULES')
if path == '' {
// unsafe { path.free() }
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path = default_vmodules_path()
}
defer {
// unsafe { path.free() }
}
splitted := path.split(path_delimiter)
defer {
// unsafe { splitted.free() }
}
mut list := []string{cap: splitted.len}
for i in 0 .. splitted.len {
si := splitted[i]
trimmed := si.trim_right(path_separator)
list << trimmed
// unsafe { trimmed.free() }
// unsafe { si.free() }
}
return list
}
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// resource_abs_path returns an absolute path, for the given `path`.
// (the path is expected to be relative to the executable program)
// See https://discordapp.com/channels/592103645835821068/592294828432424960/630806741373943808
// It gives a convenient way to access program resources like images, fonts, sounds and so on,
// *no matter* how the program was started, and what is the current working directory.
[manualfree]
pub fn resource_abs_path(path string) string {
exe := executable()
dexe := dir(exe)
mut base_path := real_path(dexe)
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vresource := getenv('V_RESOURCE_PATH')
if vresource.len != 0 {
unsafe { base_path.free() }
base_path = vresource
}
fp := join_path_single(base_path, path)
res := real_path(fp)
unsafe {
fp.free()
vresource.free()
base_path.free()
dexe.free()
exe.free()
}
return res
}
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pub struct Uname {
pub mut:
sysname string
nodename string
release string
version string
machine string
}
pub fn execute_or_panic(cmd string) Result {
res := execute(cmd)
if res.exit_code != 0 {
eprintln('failed cmd: ${cmd}')
eprintln('failed code: ${res.exit_code}')
panic(res.output)
}
return res
}
pub fn execute_or_exit(cmd string) Result {
res := execute(cmd)
if res.exit_code != 0 {
eprintln('failed cmd: ${cmd}')
eprintln('failed code: ${res.exit_code}')
eprintln(res.output)
exit(1)
}
return res
}
// quoted path - return a quoted version of the path, depending on the platform.
pub fn quoted_path(path string) string {
$if windows {
return if path.ends_with(path_separator) {
'"${path + path_separator}"'
} else {
'"${path}"'
}
} $else {
return "'${path}'"
}
}
// config_dir returns the path to the user configuration directory (depending on the platform).
// On windows, that is `%AppData%`.
// On macos, that is `~/Library/Application Support`.
// On the rest, that is `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`, or if that is not available, `~/.config`.
// If the path cannot be determined, it returns an error.
// (for example, when $HOME on linux, or %AppData% on windows is not defined)
pub fn config_dir() !string {
$if windows {
app_data := getenv('AppData')
if app_data != '' {
return app_data
}
} $else $if macos || darwin || ios {
home := home_dir()
if home != '' {
return home + '/Library/Application Support'
}
} $else {
xdg_home := getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME')
if xdg_home != '' {
return xdg_home
}
home := home_dir()
if home != '' {
return home + '/.config'
}
}
return error('Cannot find config directory')
}
[deprecated: 'use os.ensure_folder_is_writable instead']
pub fn is_writable_folder(folder string) !bool {
ensure_folder_is_writable(folder)!
return true
}