v/vlib/builtin/utf8.v

// Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
module builtin

pub fn utf8_char_len(b byte) int {
	return ((0xe5000000>>((b>>3) & 0x1e)) & 3) + 1
}

// Convert utf32 to utf8
// utf32 == Codepoint
pub fn utf32_to_str(code u32) string {
	mut buffer := malloc(5)
	return utf32_to_str_no_malloc(code, buffer)
}

pub fn utf32_to_str_no_malloc(code u32, buf voidptr) string {
	icode := int(code) // Prevents doing casts everywhere
	unsafe {
		mut buffer := byteptr(buf)
		if icode <= 127 { /* 0x7F */
			buffer[0] = byte(icode)
			return tos(buffer, 1)
		}
		if icode <= 2047 { /* 0x7FF */
			buffer[0] = 192 | byte(icode>>6)  /* 0xC0 - 110xxxxx */
			buffer[1] = 128 | byte(icode & 63) /* 0x80 - 0x3F - 10xxxxxx */
			return tos(buffer, 2)
		}
		if icode <= 65535 { /* 0xFFFF */
			buffer[0] = 224 | byte(icode>>12)/* 0xE0 - 1110xxxx */
			buffer[1] = 128 | (byte(icode>>6) & 63) /* 0x80 - 0x3F - 10xxxxxx */
			buffer[2] = 128 | byte(icode & 63) /* 0x80 - 0x3F - 10xxxxxx */
			return tos(buffer, 3)
		}
		if icode <= 1114111/* 0x10FFFF */ {
			buffer[0] = 240 | byte(icode>>18)  /* 0xF0 - 11110xxx */
			buffer[1] = 128 | (byte(icode>>12) & 63) /* 0x80 - 0x3F - 10xxxxxx */
			buffer[2] = 128 | (byte(icode>>6) & 63) /* 0x80 - 0x3F - 10xxxxxx */
			buffer[3] = 128 | byte(icode & 63) /* 0x80 - 0x3F - 10xxxxxx */
			return tos(buffer, 4)
		}
	}
	return ''
}

// Convert utf8 to utf32
pub fn (_rune string) utf32_code() int {
	if _rune.len == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	// save ASC symbol as is
	if _rune.len == 1 {
		return int(_rune[0])
	}
	mut b := byte(int(_rune[0]))
	// TODO should be
	// res := int( rune[0] << rune.len)
	b = b<<_rune.len
	mut res := int(b)
	mut shift := 6 - _rune.len
	for i := 1; i < _rune.len; i++ {
		c := int(_rune[i])
		res = res<<shift
		res |= c & 63 // 0x3f
		shift = 6
	}
	return res
}

const (
	cp_utf8 = 65001
)

pub fn (_str string) to_wide() &u16 {
	$if windows {
		num_chars := (C.MultiByteToWideChar(cp_utf8, 0, charptr(_str.str), _str.len, 0, 0))
		mut wstr := &u16(malloc((num_chars + 1) * 2)) // sizeof(wchar_t)
		if wstr != 0 {
			C.MultiByteToWideChar(cp_utf8, 0, charptr(_str.str), _str.len, wstr, num_chars)
			unsafe {
				C.memset(&byte(wstr) + num_chars * 2, 0, 2)
			}
		}
		return wstr
	} $else {
		return 0
	}
}

pub fn string_from_wide(_wstr &u16) string {
	$if windows {
		wstr_len := C.wcslen(_wstr)
		return string_from_wide2(_wstr, wstr_len)
	} $else {
		return ''
	}
}

pub fn string_from_wide2(_wstr &u16, len int) string {
	$if windows {
		num_chars := C.WideCharToMultiByte(cp_utf8, 0, _wstr, len, 0, 0, 0, 0)
		mut str_to := malloc(num_chars + 1)
		if str_to != 0 {
			C.WideCharToMultiByte(cp_utf8, 0, _wstr, len, charptr(str_to), num_chars, 0, 0)
			unsafe {
				C.memset(str_to + num_chars, 0, 1)
			}
		}
		return tos2(str_to)
	} $else {
		return ''
	}
}

// Calculate length to read from the first byte
fn utf8_len(c byte) int {
	mut b := 0
	mut x := c
	if (x & 240) != 0 {
		// 0xF0
		x >>= 4
	}
	else {
		b += 4
	}
	if (x & 12) != 0 {
		// 0x0C
		x >>= 2
	}
	else {
		b += 2
	}
	if (x & 2) == 0 {
		// 0x02
		b++
	}
	return b
}

// Calculate string length for in number of codepoints
fn utf8_str_len(s string) int {
	mut l := 0
	for i := 0; i < s.len; i++ {
		l++
		c := unsafe {s.str[i]}
		if (c & (1 << 7)) != 0 {
			for t := byte(1 << 6); (c & t) != 0; t >>= 1 {
				i++
			}
		}
	}
	return l
}

// Calculate string length for formatting, i.e. number of "characters"
fn utf8_str_visible_length(s string) int {
	mut l := 0
	mut ul := 1
	for i := 0; i < s.len; i+=ul {
		ul = 1
		c := unsafe {s.str[i]}
		if (c & (1 << 7)) != 0 {
			for t := byte(1 << 6); (c & t) != 0; t >>= 1 {
				ul++
			}
		}
		if i + ul > s.len { // incomplete UTF-8 sequence
			return l
		}
		l++
		// recognize combining characters
		if c == 0xcc || c == 0xcd {
			r := (u16(c) << 8) | unsafe {s.str[i+1]}
			if r >= 0xcc80 && r < 0xcdb0 { // diacritical marks
				l--
			}
		} else if c == 0xe1 || c == 0xe2 || c == 0xef {
			r := (u32(c) << 16) | unsafe {(u32(s.str[i+1]) << 8) | s.str[i+2]}
			// diacritical marks extended 0xe1aab0 - 0xe1ac80
			// diacritical marks supplement 0xe1b780 - 0xe1b880
			// diacritical marks for symbols 0xe28390 - 0xe28480
			// half marks 0xefb8a0 - 0xefb8b0
			if (r >= 0xe1aab0 && r < 0xe1ac80) 
			|| (r >= 0xe1b780 && r < 0xe1b880) 
			|| (r >= 0xe28390 && r < 0xe28480) 
			|| (r >= 0xefb8a0 && r < 0xefb8b0) { 
				l--
			}
		}
	}
	return l
}

// Reads an utf8 character from standard input
pub fn utf8_getchar() int {
	c := C.getchar()
	len := utf8_len(byte(~c))
	if c < 0 {
		return 0
	}
	else if len == 0 {
		return c
	}
	else if len == 1 {
		return -1
	}
	else {
		mut uc := c & ((1<<(7 - len)) - 1)
		for i := 0; i + 1 < len; i++ {
			c2 := C.getchar()
			if c2 != -1 && (c2>>6) == 2 {
				uc <<= 6
				uc |= (c2 & 63)
			}
			else if c2 == -1 {
				return 0
			}
			else {
				return -1
			}
		}
		return uc
	}
}