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docs: clarify the interface methods section

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Delyan Angelov 2022-02-01 10:36:25 +02:00
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@ -2789,38 +2789,52 @@ For more information, see [Dynamic casts](#dynamic-casts).
#### Interface method definitions
Also unlike Go, an interface may implement a method.
These methods are not implemented by structs which implement that interface.
Also unlike Go, an interface can have it's own methods, similar to how
structs can have their methods. These 'interface methods' do not have
to be implemented, by structs which implement that interface.
They are just a convenient way to write `i.some_function()` instead of
`some_function(i)`, similar to how struct methods can be looked at, as
a convenience for writing `s.xyz()` instead of `xyz(s)`.
When a struct is wrapped in an interface that has implemented a method
with the same name as one implemented by this struct, only the method
implemented on the interface is called.
N.B. This feature is NOT a "default implementation" like in C#.
For example, if a struct `cat` is wrapped in an interface `a`, that has
implemented a method with the same name `speak`, as a method implemented by
the struct, and you do `a.speak()`, *only* the interface method is called:
```v
struct Cat {}
fn (c Cat) speak() string {
return 'meow!'
}
interface Adoptable {}
fn (a Adoptable) speak() string {
return 'adopt me!'
}
fn new_adoptable() Adoptable {
return Cat{}
struct Cat {}
fn (c Cat) speak() string {
return 'meow!'
}
struct Dog {}
fn main() {
cat := Cat{}
assert cat.speak() == 'meow!'
a := new_adoptable()
assert a.speak() == 'adopt me!'
assert dump(cat.speak()) == 'meow!'
//
a := Adoptable(cat)
assert dump(a.speak()) == 'adopt me!' // call Adoptable's `speak`
if a is Cat {
println(a.speak()) // meow!
// Inside this `if` however, V knows that `a` is not just any
// kind of Adoptable, but actually a Cat, so it will use the
// Cat `speak`, NOT the Adoptable `speak`:
dump(a.speak()) // meow!
}
//
b := Adoptable(Dog{})
assert dump(b.speak()) == 'adopt me!' // call Adoptable's `speak`
// if b is Dog {
// dump(b.speak()) // error: unknown method or field: Dog.speak
// }
}
```