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https://github.com/vlang/v.git
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examples: use vcalloc
This commit is contained in:
Alexander Medvednikov
parent
c203a744fe
commit
59a65d757b
@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ fn new_automaton(f [][]int) Automaton {
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maxx = f[y].len
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}
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}
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field := &A2D{ maxx: maxx maxy: maxy data: &int( calloc( sizeof(int) * maxy * maxx ) ) }
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new_field := &A2D{ maxx: maxx maxy: maxy data: &int( calloc( sizeof(int) * maxy * maxx ) ) }
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field := &A2D{ maxx: maxx maxy: maxy data: &int( vcalloc( sizeof(int) * maxy * maxx ) ) }
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new_field := &A2D{ maxx: maxx maxy: maxy data: &int( vcalloc( sizeof(int) * maxy * maxx ) ) }
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for y in 0..field.maxy {
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for x in 0..field.maxx {
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field.set( x, y, f[y][x] )
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
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* This file contains a path tracer example in less of 500 line of codes
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* 3 demo scenes included
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*
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* This code is inspired by:
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* This code is inspired by:
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* - "Realistic Ray Tracing" by Peter Shirley 2000 ISBN-13: 978-1568814612
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* - https://www.kevinbeason.com/smallpt/
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*
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@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
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* - there are some approximation errors in the calculations
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* - to speed-up the code a cos/sin table is used
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* - the full precision code is present but commented, can be restored very easily
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* - an higher number of samples ( > 60) can block the program on higher resolutions
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* - an higher number of samples ( > 60) can block the program on higher resolutions
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* without a stack size increase
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* - as a recursive program this code depend on the stack size,
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* - as a recursive program this code depend on the stack size,
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* for higher number of samples increase the stack size
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* in linux: ulimit -s byte_size_of_the_stack
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* example: ulimit -s 16000000
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* - No OpenMP support
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* - No OpenMP support
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**********************************************************************/
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import os
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import math
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@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ const (
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eps = f64(1e-4)
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f_0 = f64(0.0)
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)
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/***************************** 3D Vector utility struct **********************/
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struct Vec {
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mut:
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struct Vec {
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mut:
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x f64 = f64(0.0)
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y f64 = f64(0.0)
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z f64 = f64(0.0)
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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn new_image(w int, h int) Image {
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return Image{
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width: w,
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height: h,
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data: &Vec(calloc(sizeof(Vec)*w*h))
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data: &Vec(vcalloc(sizeof(Vec)*w*h))
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}
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}
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@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ struct Ray {
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}
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// material types, used in radiance()
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enum Refl_t {
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diff,
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spec,
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refr
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}
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enum Refl_t {
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diff,
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spec,
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refr
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}
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/********************************* Sphere ************************************/
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struct Sphere {
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@ -137,21 +137,21 @@ struct Sphere {
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}
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fn (sp Sphere) intersect (r Ray) f64 {
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op := sp.p - r.o // Solve t^2*d.d + 2*t*(o-p).d + (o-p).(o-p)-R^2 = 0
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op := sp.p - r.o // Solve t^2*d.d + 2*t*(o-p).d + (o-p).(o-p)-R^2 = 0
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b := op.dot(r.d)
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mut det := b * b - op.dot(op) + sp.rad * sp.rad
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if det < 0 {
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return f64(0)
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}
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det = math.sqrt(det)
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mut t := b - det
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if t > eps {
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return t
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}
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t = b + det
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if t > eps {
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return t
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@ -165,19 +165,19 @@ fn (sp Sphere) intersect (r Ray) f64 {
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* 2) Psychedelic
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* The sphere fileds are: Sphere{radius, position, emission, color, material}
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******************************************************************************/
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const (
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const (
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Cen = Vec{50, 40.8, -860} // used by scene 1
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spheres = [
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[// scene 0 cornnel box
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{ 1e+5 +1,40.8,81.6} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.25,.25} , refl: .diff},//Left
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{-1e+5 +99,40.8,81.6}, e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.25,.25,.75} , refl: .diff},//Rght
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50,40.8, 1e+5} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.75,.75} , refl: .diff},//Back
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50,40.8,-1e+5 +170} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{} , refl: .diff},//Frnt
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50, 1e+5, 81.6} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.75,.75} , refl: .diff},//Botm
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50,-1e+5 +81.6,81.6}, e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.75,.75} , refl: .diff},//Top
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Sphere{rad: 16.5, p: Vec{27,16.5,47} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{1,1,1}.mult_s(.999) , refl: .spec},//Mirr
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Sphere{rad: 16.5, p: Vec{73,16.5,78} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{1,1,1}.mult_s(.999) , refl: .refr},//Glas
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Sphere{rad: 600 , p: Vec{50,681.6-.27,81.6} , e: Vec{12,12,12}, c: Vec{}, refl: .diff} //Lite
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{ 1e+5 +1,40.8,81.6} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.25,.25} , refl: .diff},//Left
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{-1e+5 +99,40.8,81.6}, e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.25,.25,.75} , refl: .diff},//Rght
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50,40.8, 1e+5} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.75,.75} , refl: .diff},//Back
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50,40.8,-1e+5 +170} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{} , refl: .diff},//Frnt
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50, 1e+5, 81.6} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.75,.75} , refl: .diff},//Botm
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Sphere{rad: 1e+5, p: Vec{50,-1e+5 +81.6,81.6}, e: Vec{} , c: Vec{.75,.75,.75} , refl: .diff},//Top
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Sphere{rad: 16.5, p: Vec{27,16.5,47} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{1,1,1}.mult_s(.999) , refl: .spec},//Mirr
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Sphere{rad: 16.5, p: Vec{73,16.5,78} , e: Vec{} , c: Vec{1,1,1}.mult_s(.999) , refl: .refr},//Glas
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Sphere{rad: 600 , p: Vec{50,681.6-.27,81.6} , e: Vec{12,12,12}, c: Vec{}, refl: .diff} //Lite
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],
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[// scene 1 sunset
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@ -272,27 +272,27 @@ fn radiance(r Ray, depthi int, scene_id int) Vec {
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sin_tab := &f64( tabs.sin_tab )
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cos_tab := &f64( tabs.cos_tab )
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mut depth := depthi // actual depth in the reflection tree
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mut t := f64(0) // distance to intersection
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mut t := f64(0) // distance to intersection
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mut id := 0 // id of intersected object
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mut res := false // result of intersect
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v_1 := f64(1.0)
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//v_2 := f64(2.0)
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scene := spheres[scene_id]
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//res, t, id = intersect(r, id, tb.scene)
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res, t, id = intersect(r, scene.data, scene.len)
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if !res { return Vec{} } //if miss, return black
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obj := scene[id] // the hit object
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if !res { return Vec{} } //if miss, return black
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obj := scene[id] // the hit object
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x := r.o + r.d.mult_s(t)
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n := (x - obj.p).norm()
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nl := if n.dot(r.d) < 0.0 { n } else { n.mult_s(-1) }
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mut f := obj.c
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// max reflection
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mut p := f.z
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if f.x > f.y && f.x > f.z {
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@ -300,80 +300,80 @@ fn radiance(r Ray, depthi int, scene_id int) Vec {
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} else {
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if f.y > f.z {
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p = f.y
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}
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}
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}
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depth++
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if depth > 5 {
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if depth > 5 {
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if rand_f64() < p {
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f = f.mult_s(f64(1.0)/p)
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} else {
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return obj.e //R.R.
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}
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}
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if obj.refl == .diff { // Ideal DIFFUSE reflection
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if obj.refl == .diff { // Ideal DIFFUSE reflection
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// **Full Precision**
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//r1 := f64(2.0 * math.pi) * rand_f64()
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// tabbed speed-up
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r1 := C.rand() & cache_mask
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r2 := rand_f64()
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r2s := math.sqrt(r2)
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w := nl
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mut u := if math.abs(w.x) > f64(0.1) {
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Vec{0, 1, 0}
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} else {
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Vec{1, 0, 0}
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}
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u = u.cross(w).norm()
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v := w.cross(u)
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// **Full Precision**
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//d := (u.mult_s(math.cos(r1) * r2s) + v.mult_s(math.sin(r1) * r2s) + w.mult_s(1.0 - r2)).norm()
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// tabbed speed-up
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d := (u.mult_s(cos_tab[r1] * r2s) + v.mult_s(sin_tab[r1] * r2s) + w.mult_s(math.sqrt(f64(1.0) - r2))).norm()
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return obj.e + f * radiance(Ray{x, d}, depth, scene_id)
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} else {
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if obj.refl == .spec { // Ideal SPECULAR reflection
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return obj.e + f * radiance(Ray{x, r.d - n.mult_s(2.0 * n.dot(r.d)) }, depth, scene_id)
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}
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}
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refl_ray := Ray{x, r.d - n.mult_s(2.0 * n.dot(r.d))} // Ideal dielectric REFRACTION
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into := n.dot(nl) > 0 // Ray from outside going in?
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into := n.dot(nl) > 0 // Ray from outside going in?
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nc := f64(1.0)
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nt := f64(1.5)
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nnt := if into { nc / nt } else { nt / nc }
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ddn := r.d.dot(nl)
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cos2t := v_1 - nnt * nnt * (v_1 - ddn * ddn)
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if cos2t < 0.0 { // Total internal reflection
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return obj.e + f * radiance(refl_ray, depth, scene_id)
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}
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dirc := if into { f64(1) } else { f64(-1) }
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tdir := (r.d.mult_s(nnt) - n.mult_s(dirc * (ddn * nnt + math.sqrt(cos2t)))).norm()
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a := nt - nc
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b := nt + nc
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r0 := a * a / (b * b)
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r0 := a * a / (b * b)
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c := if into { v_1 + ddn } else { v_1 - tdir.dot(n) }
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re := r0 + (v_1 - r0) * c * c * c * c * c
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tr := v_1 - re
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pp := f64(.25) + f64(.5) * re
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rp := re / pp
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tp := tr / (v_1 - pp)
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mut tmp := Vec{}
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if depth > 2 {
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// Russian roulette
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@ -391,26 +391,26 @@ fn radiance(r Ray, depthi int, scene_id int) Vec {
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/************************ beam scan routine **********************************/
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fn ray_trace(w int, h int, samps int, file_name string, scene_id int) Image {
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image := new_image(w, h)
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// inverse costants
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w1 := f64(1.0 / w)
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h1 := f64(1.0 / h)
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samps1 := f64(1.0 / samps)
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cam := Ray{Vec{50, 52, 295.6}, Vec{0, -0.042612, -1}.norm()} // cam position, direction
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cx := Vec{ f64(w) * 0.5135 / f64(h), 0, 0}
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cy := cx.cross(cam.d).norm().mult_s(0.5135)
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mut r := Vec{}
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// speed-up constants
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v_1 := f64(1.0)
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v_2 := f64(2.0)
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// OpenMP injection point! #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic, 1) shared(c)
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for y:=0; y < h; y++ {
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eprint("\rRendering (${samps * 4} spp) ${(100.0 * f64(y)) / (f64(h) - 1.0):5.2f}%")
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for x in 0..w {
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i := (h - y - 1) * w + x
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mut ivec := &image.data[i]
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// we use sx and sy to perform a square subsampling of 4 samples
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@ -420,11 +420,11 @@ fn ray_trace(w int, h int, samps int, file_name string, scene_id int) Image {
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for s in 0..samps {
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r1 := v_2 * rand_f64()
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dx := if r1 < v_1 { math.sqrt(r1) - v_1 } else { v_1 - math.sqrt(v_2 - r1) }
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r2 := v_2 * rand_f64()
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dy := if r2 < v_1 { math.sqrt(r2) - v_1 } else { v_1 - math.sqrt(v_2 - r2) }
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d := cx.mult_s( ( (f64(sx) + 0.5 + dx)*0.5 + f64(x))*w1 - .5) +
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d := cx.mult_s( ( (f64(sx) + 0.5 + dx)*0.5 + f64(x))*w1 - .5) +
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cy.mult_s( ( (f64(sy) + 0.5 + dy)*0.5 + f64(y))*h1 - .5) + cam.d
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r = r + radiance(Ray{cam.o+d.mult_s(140.0), d.norm()}, 0, scene_id).mult_s(samps1)
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}
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@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ fn ray_trace(w int, h int, samps int, file_name string, scene_id int) Image {
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*ivec = *ivec + tmp_vec
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return image
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}
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@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ fn main() {
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mut samples := 4 // number of samples per pixel, increase for better quality
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mut scene_id := 0 // scene to render [0 cornell box,1 sunset,2 psyco]
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mut file_name := 'image.ppm' // name of the output file in .ppm format
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if os.args.len >= 2 {
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samples = os.args[1].int() / 4
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}
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@ -463,20 +463,20 @@ fn main() {
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if os.args.len == 6 {
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height = os.args[5].int()
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}
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// init the rand, using the same seed allows to obtain the same result in different runs
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// change the seed from 2020 for different results
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rand.seed(2020)
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rand.seed(2020)
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t1:=time.ticks()
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image := ray_trace(width, height, samples, file_name, scene_id)
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image := ray_trace(width, height, samples, file_name, scene_id)
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t2:=time.ticks()
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eprintln('\nRendering finished. Took: ${t2-t1:5d}ms')
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image.save_as_ppm( file_name )
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image.save_as_ppm( file_name )
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t3:=time.ticks()
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eprintln('Image saved as [${file_name}]. Took: ${t3-t2:5d}ms')
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}
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