math.big: add checked division methods (#18924)

vlib/math/big/big_test.v

@@ -573,6 +573,11 @@ fn test_div_mod() {
 		assert q == eq
 		assert r == er
 	}
+
+	// an extra test for checked division by zero
+	if _, _ := div_mod_test_data[0].dividend.parse().div_mod_checked(TestInteger(0).parse()) {
+		assert false, 'Division by 0 should return an error'
+	}
 }
 
 fn test_comparison() {

vlib/math/big/integer.v

@@ -369,12 +369,16 @@ pub fn (multiplicand Integer) * (multiplier Integer) Integer {
 	}
 }
 
-// div_mod returns the quotient and remainder from the division of the integers `dividend` divided by `divisor`.
-pub fn (dividend Integer) div_mod(divisor Integer) (Integer, Integer) {
-	// Quick exits
-	if divisor.signum == 0 {
-		panic('Cannot divide by zero')
+// div_mod_internal is an entirely unchecked (in terms of division by zero) method for division.
+// This should only be used for internal calculations involving a definitive non-zero
+// divisor.
+//
+// DO NOT use this method if the divisor has any chance of being 0.
+fn (dividend Integer) div_mod_internal(divisor Integer) (Integer, Integer) {
+	$if debug {
+		assert divisor.signum != 0
 	}
+
 	if dividend.signum == 0 {
 		return zero_int, zero_int
 	}
@@ -382,11 +386,11 @@ pub fn (dividend Integer) div_mod(divisor Integer) (Integer, Integer) {
 		return dividend.clone(), zero_int
 	}
 	if divisor.signum == -1 {
-		q, r := dividend.div_mod(divisor.neg())
+		q, r := dividend.div_mod_internal(divisor.neg())
 		return q.neg(), r
 	}
 	if dividend.signum == -1 {
-		q, r := dividend.neg().div_mod(divisor)
+		q, r := dividend.neg().div_mod_internal(divisor)
 		if r.signum == 0 {
 			return q.neg(), zero_int
 		} else {
@@ -408,18 +412,64 @@ pub fn (dividend Integer) div_mod(divisor Integer) (Integer, Integer) {
 	return quotient, remainder
 }
 
+// div_mod returns the quotient and remainder from the division of the integers `dividend`
+// divided by `divisor`.
+//
+// WARNING: this method will panic if `divisor == 0`. Refer to div_mod_checked for a safer version.
+[inline]
+pub fn (dividend Integer) div_mod(divisor Integer) (Integer, Integer) {
+	if _unlikely_(divisor.signum == 0) {
+		panic('math.big: Cannot divide by zero')
+	}
+	return dividend.div_mod_internal(divisor)
+}
+
+// div_mod_checked returns the quotient and remainder from the division of the integers `dividend`
+// divided by `divisor`. An error is returned if `divisor == 0`.
+[inline]
+pub fn (dividend Integer) div_mod_checked(divisor Integer) !(Integer, Integer) {
+	if _unlikely_(divisor.signum == 0) {
+		return error('math.big: Cannot divide by zero')
+	}
+	return dividend.div_mod_internal(divisor)
+}
+
 // / returns the quotient of `dividend` divided by `divisor`.
+//
+// WARNING: this method will panic if `divisor == 0`. For a division method that returns a Result
+// refer to `div_checked`.
+[inline]
 pub fn (dividend Integer) / (divisor Integer) Integer {
 	q, _ := dividend.div_mod(divisor)
 	return q
 }
 
 // % returns the remainder of `dividend` divided by `divisor`.
+//
+// WARNING: this method will panic if `divisor == 0`. For a modular division method that
+// returns a Result refer to `mod_checked`.
+[inline]
 pub fn (dividend Integer) % (divisor Integer) Integer {
 	_, r := dividend.div_mod(divisor)
 	return r
 }
 
+// div_checked returns the quotient of `dividend` divided by `divisor`
+// or an error if `divisor == 0`.
+[inline]
+pub fn (dividend Integer) div_checked(divisor Integer) !Integer {
+	q, _ := dividend.div_mod_checked(divisor)!
+	return q
+}
+
+// mod_checked returns the remainder of `dividend` divided by `divisor`
+// or an error if `divisor == 0`.
+[inline]
+pub fn (dividend Integer) mod_checked(divisor Integer) !Integer {
+	_, r := dividend.div_mod_checked(divisor)!
+	return r
+}
+
 // mask_bits is the equivalent of `a % 2^n` (only when `a >= 0`), however doing a full division
 // run for this would be a lot of work when we can simply "cut off" all bits to the left of
 // the `n`th bit.
@@ -791,7 +841,7 @@ pub fn (integer Integer) hex() string {
 
 // radix_str returns the string representation of the integer `a` in the specified radix.
 pub fn (integer Integer) radix_str(radix u32) string {
-	if integer.signum == 0 {
+	if integer.signum == 0 || radix == 0 {
 		return '0'
 	}
 	return match radix {
@@ -808,6 +858,9 @@ pub fn (integer Integer) radix_str(radix u32) string {
 }
 
 fn (integer Integer) general_radix_str(radix u32) string {
+	$if debug {
+		assert radix != 0
+	}
 	divisor := integer_from_u32(radix)
 
 	mut current := integer.abs()
@@ -815,7 +868,7 @@ fn (integer Integer) general_radix_str(radix u32) string {
 	mut digit := zero_int
 	mut rune_array := []rune{cap: current.digits.len * 4}
 	for current.signum > 0 {
-		new_current, digit = current.div_mod(divisor)
+		new_current, digit = current.div_mod_internal(divisor)
 		rune_array << big.digit_array[digit.int()]
 		unsafe { digit.free() }
 		unsafe { current.free() }
@@ -1034,7 +1087,8 @@ fn (a Integer) mod_inv(m Integer) Integer {
 		q, r := if n.bit_len() == b.bit_len() {
 			one_int, n - b
 		} else {
-			n.div_mod(b)
+			// safe because the loop terminates if b == 0
+			n.div_mod_internal(b)
 		}
 
 		n = b

vlib/math/big/special_array_ops.v

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ fn toom3_multiply_digit_array(operand_a []u32, operand_b []u32, mut storage []u3
 	p2 := ((ptemp + a2).left_shift(1) - a0) * ((qtemp + b2).left_shift(1) - b0)
 	pinf := a2 * b2
 
-	mut t2 := (p2 - vm1) / three_int
+	mut t2, _ := (p2 - vm1).div_mod_internal(three_int)
 	mut tm1 := (p1 - vm1).right_shift(1)
 	mut t1 := p1 - p0
 	t2 = (t2 - t1).right_shift(1)