mirror of
https://github.com/vlang/v.git
synced 2023-08-10 21:13:21 +03:00
125 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
125 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
# The V Programming Language 0.1.2
|
|
|
|
[](https://dev.azure.com/alexander0785/vlang/_build/latest?definitionId=1&branchName=master)
|
|
|
|
https://vlang.io
|
|
|
|
Documentation: https://vlang.io/docs
|
|
|
|
Twitter: https://twitter.com/v_language
|
|
|
|
Discord (primary community): https://discord.gg/n7c74HM
|
|
|
|
Installing V: https://github.com/vlang/v#installing-v-from-source
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Key Features of V
|
|
|
|
- Simplicity: the language can be learned in half an hour, less if you already know Go
|
|
- Fast compilation: ~100k loc/s right now, ~1.2 million loc/s once x64 generation is mature enough
|
|
- Easy to develop: V compiles itself in less than a second
|
|
- Performance: within 5% of C
|
|
- Safety: no null, no globals, no UB, immutability by default
|
|
- C to V translation
|
|
- Hot code reloading
|
|
- Powerful UI and graphics libraries
|
|
- Easy cross compilation
|
|
- REPL
|
|
|
|
V 1.0 release is planned for December 2019.
|
|
|
|
## Notes
|
|
|
|
GitHub marks V's code as written in Go. It's actually written in V, GitHub doesn't support the language yet.
|
|
|
|
The compilation is temporarily slower for this release:
|
|
|
|
- Debug builds are used (use `v -prod -o v` to get faster compilation).
|
|
- The new formatter runs on every single token and slows the compiler down by ~20%. This will be taken care of.
|
|
- There are a lot of known issues that are quick to fix (like function lookups being O(n)).
|
|
|
|
There's some old hacky code written when V was 2 months old. All of it will be quickly cleaned up. There are ~500 lines of C code, which will be removed by the end of June.
|
|
|
|
## Code structure
|
|
|
|
https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CodeStructure.md
|
|
|
|
## Installing V from source
|
|
|
|
### Linux and macOS
|
|
|
|
You'll need Clang or GCC. On macOS run `xcode-select --install` if you don't have XCode or XCode tools installed.
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# You can clone V anywhere
|
|
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
|
|
cd v/compiler
|
|
make
|
|
|
|
# Or build without make:
|
|
wget https://vlang.io/v.c # Download the V compiler's source translated to C
|
|
cc -std=gnu11 -w -o vc v.c # Build it with Clang or GCC
|
|
./vc -o v . && rm vc # Use the resulting V binary to build V from V source, delete the old compiler
|
|
./v -o v . # Bootstrap the compiler to make sure it works
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
That's it! Now you have a V executable at `v/compiler/v`.
|
|
|
|
You can create a symlink so that it's globally available:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
sudo ln -s ~/code/v/compiler/v /usr/local/bin/v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Windows
|
|
|
|
V works great on Windows Subsystem for Linux. The instructions are the same as above.
|
|
|
|
If you want to build v.exe on Windows without WSL, you will need Visual Studio. Microsoft doesn't make it easy for developers. Mingw-w64 could suffice, but if you plan to develop UI and graphical apps, VS is your only option.
|
|
|
|
V temporarily can't be compiled with Visual Studio. This will be fixed asap.
|
|
|
|
### Testing
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ v
|
|
|
|
V 0.1.2
|
|
Use Ctrl-D to exit
|
|
|
|
>>> println('hello world')
|
|
hello world
|
|
>>>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Now if you want, you can start tinkering with the compiler. If you introduce a breaking change and rebuild V, you will no longer be able to use V to build itself. So it's a good idea to make a backup copy of a working compiler executable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Running the examples
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply
|
|
v run hello_world.v # This builds the program and runs it right away
|
|
|
|
v word_counter.v && ./word_counter cinderella.txt
|
|
v run news_fetcher.v
|
|
v run tetris.v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300>
|
|
|
|
|
|
In order to build Tetris and anything else using the graphics module, you will need to install glfw and freetype.
|
|
|
|
If you plan to use the http package, you also need to install libcurl.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Ubuntu:
|
|
sudo apt install libglfw3 libglfw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libcurl3-dev
|
|
|
|
macOS:
|
|
brew install glfw freetype curl
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
glfw and libcurl dependencies will be removed soon.
|