mirror of
https://github.com/vlang/v.git
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160 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
160 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
V allows for easily using text templates, expanded at compile time to
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V functions, that efficiently produce text output. This is especially
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useful for templated HTML views, but the mechanism is general enough
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to be used for other kinds of text output also.
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# Template directives
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Each template directive begins with an `@` sign.
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Some directives contain a `{}` block, others only have `''` (string) parameters.
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Newlines on the beginning and end are ignored in `{}` blocks,
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otherwise this (see [if](#if) for this syntax):
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```html
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@if bool_val {
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<span>This is shown if bool_val is true</span>
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}
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```
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... would output:
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```html
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<span>This is shown if bool_val is true</span>
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```
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... which is less readable.
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## if
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The if directive, consists of three parts, the `@if` tag, the condition (same syntax like in V)
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and the `{}` block, where you can write html, which will be rendered if the condition is true:
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```
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@if <condition> {}
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```
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### Example
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```html
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@if bool_val {
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<span>This is shown if bool_val is true</span>
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}
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```
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One-liner:
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```html
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@if bool_val { <span>This is shown if bool_val is true</span> }
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```
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The first example would result in:
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```html
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<span>This is shown if bool_val is true</span>
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```
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... while the one-liner results in:
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```html
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<span>This is shown if bool_val is true</span>
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```
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## for
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The for directive consists of three parts, the `@for` tag,
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the condition (same syntax like in V) and the `{}` block,
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where you can write text, rendered for each iteration of the loop:
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```
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@for <condition> {}
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```
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### Example for @for
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```html
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@for i, val in my_vals {
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<span>$i - $val</span>
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}
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```
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One-liner:
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```html
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@for i, val in my_vals { <span>$i - $val</span> }
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```
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The first example would result in:
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```html
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<span>0 - "First"</span>
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<span>1 - "Second"</span>
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<span>2 - "Third"</span>
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...
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```
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... while the one-liner results in:
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```html
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<span>0 - "First"</span>
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<span>1 - "Second"</span>
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<span>2 - "Third"</span>
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...
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```
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You can also write (and all other for condition syntaxes that are allowed in V):
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```html
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@for i = 0; i < 5; i++ {
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<span>$i</span>
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}
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```
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## include
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The include directive is for including other html files (which will be processed as well)
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and consists of two parts, the `@include` tag and a following `'<path>'` string.
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The path parameter is relative to the `/templates` directory in the corresponding project.
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### Example for the folder structure of a project using templates:
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```
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Project root
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/templates
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- index.html
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/headers
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- base.html
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```
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`index.html`
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```html
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<div>@include 'header/base'</div>
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```
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> Note that there shouldn't be a file suffix,
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> it is automatically appended and only allows `html` files.
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## js
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The js directive consists of two parts, the `@js` tag and `'<path>'` string,
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where you can insert your src
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```
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@js '<url>'
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```
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### Example for the @js directive:
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```html
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@js 'myscripts.js'
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```
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# Variables
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All variables, which are declared before the $tmpl can be used through the `@{my_var}` syntax.
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It's also possible to use properties of structs here like `@{my_struct.prop}`.
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