The V Programming Language 0.1.x

https://vlang.io

Documentation: https://vlang.io/docs

Twitter: https://twitter.com/v_language

Discord (primary community): https://discord.gg/n7c74HM

Installing V: https://github.com/vlang/v#installing-v-from-source

Key Features of V

• Simplicity: the language can be learned in half an hour, less if you already know Go
• Fast compilation: ~100k loc/s right now, ~1.2 million loc/s once x64 generation is mature enough
• Easy to develop: V compiles itself in less than a second
• Performance: within 5% of C
• Safety: no null, no globals, no undefined behavior, immutability by default
• C to V translation
• Hot code reloading
• Powerful UI and graphics libraries
• Easy cross compilation
• REPL

V 1.0 release is planned for December 2019. Right now V is in an alpha stage.

Notes

GitHub marks V's code as written in Go. It's actually written in V, GitHub doesn't support the language yet.

The compilation is temporarily slower for this release:

• Debug builds are used (use ./v -prod -o v compiler to get faster compilation).
• vlib is recompiled with every program you build.
• The new formatter runs on every single token and slows the compiler down by ~20%. This will be taken care of.

Installing V from source

Linux, macOS, Windows, *BSD, WSL, Android, Raspbian

git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v
make

That's it! Now you have a V executable at [path to V repo]/v. [path to V repo] can be anywhere.

C compiler

You'll need Clang or GCC.

On macOS run xcode-select --install if you don't have XCode or XCode tools installed.

On Windows follow these instructions: github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows

Building without make

git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v
# Download the V compiler's source translated to C
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/vc/master/v.c
cc -std=gnu11 -w -o v v.c -lm  # Build it with Clang or GCC
./v -o v compiler              # Use the resulting V binary to build V from V source

(These instructions won't work on Windows, use make.bat instead).

Symlinking and updates

You can create a /usr/local/bin/v symlink so that V is globally available:

sudo make symlink

V is being constantly updated. To update V, simply run

v up

Docker

git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
cd v
docker build -t vlang .
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
v

Testing

$ cd examples
$ v run hello_world.v
hello world

$ v
V 0.1.x
Use Ctrl-D to exit

>>> println('hello world')
hello world
>>>

Now if you want, you can start tinkering with the compiler. If you introduce a breaking change and rebuild V, you will no longer be able to use V to build itself. So it's a good idea to make a backup copy of a working compiler executable.

Running the examples

v hello_world.v && ./hello_world    # or simply
v run hello_world.v                 # this builds the program and runs it right away

v word_counter.v && ./word_counter cinderella.txt
v run news_fetcher.v
v run tetris/tetris.v

In order to build Tetris and anything else using the graphics module, you will need to install glfw and freetype.

v install glfw

If you plan to use the http package, you also need to install openssl on non-Windows systems.

macOS:
brew install glfw freetype openssl

Debian/Ubuntu:
sudo apt install libglfw3 libglfw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libssl-dev

Arch/Manjaro:
sudo pacman -S glfw-x11 freetype2

Fedora:
sudo dnf install glfw glfw-devel freetype-devel

glfw dependency will be removed soon.

Code structure

https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md