mirror of
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658 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
658 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# vweb - the V Web Server
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A simple yet powerful web server with built-in routing, parameter handling, templating, and other
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features.
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The [gitly](https://gitly.org/) site is based on vweb.
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**_Some features may not be complete, and have some bugs._**
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## Getting start
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Just run **`v new <name> web`** in your terminal
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## Features
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- **Very fast** performance of C on the web.
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- **Small binary** hello world website is <100 KB.
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- **Easy to deploy** just one binary file that also includes all templates. No need to install any
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dependencies.
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- **Templates are precompiled** all errors are visible at compilation time, not at runtime.
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### Examples
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There are some examples
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that can be explored [here](https://github.com/vlang/v/tree/master/examples/vweb).
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And others like:
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- [vweb_orm_jwt](https://github.com/vlang/v/tree/master/examples/vweb_orm_jwt) (back-end)
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- [vorum](https://github.com/vlang/vorum) (front-end)
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- [gitly](https://github.com/vlang/gitly) (full-stack)
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**Front-end getting start example**
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`src/main.v`
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```v ignore
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module main
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import vweb
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import os
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struct App {
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vweb.Context
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}
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struct Object {
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title string
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description string
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}
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fn main() {
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vweb.run_at(new_app(), vweb.RunParams{
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port: 8081
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}) or { panic(err) }
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}
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fn new_app() &App {
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mut app := &App{}
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// makes all static files available.
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app.mount_static_folder_at(os.resource_abs_path('.'), '/')
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return app
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}
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['/']
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pub fn (mut app App) page_home() vweb.Result {
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// all this constants can be accessed by src/templates/page/home.html file.
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page_title := 'V is the new V'
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v_url := 'https://github.com/vlang/v'
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list_of_object := [
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Object{
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title: 'One good title'
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description: 'this is the first'
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},
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Object{
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title: 'Other good title'
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description: 'more one'
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},
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]
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// $vweb.html() in `<folder>_<name> vweb.Result ()` like this
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// render the `<name>.html` in folder `./templates/<folder>`
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return $vweb.html()
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}
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```
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`$vweb.html()` compiles an HTML template into V during compilation, and embeds the resulting code
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into the current action.
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That means that the template automatically has access to that action's entire environment.
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`src/templates/page/home.html`
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```html
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<html>
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<header>
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<title>${page_title}</title>
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@css 'src/templates/page/home.css'
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</header>
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<body>
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<h1 class="title">Hello, Vs.</h1>
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@for var in list_of_object
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<div>
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<a href="${v_url}">${var.title}</a>
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<span>${var.description}</span>
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</div>
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@end
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<div>@include 'component.html'</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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`src/templates/page/component.html`
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```html
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<div>This is a component</div>
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```
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`src/templates/page/home.css`
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```css
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h1.title {
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font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
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color: #3b7bbf;
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}
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```
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V supports [Template directives](/vlib/v/TEMPLATES.md) like
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`@css`, `@js` for static files in \<path\>
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`@if`, `@for` for conditional and loop
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and
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`@include` to include html components.
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## Deploying vweb apps
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Everything, including HTML templates, is in one binary file. That's all you need to deploy.
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## Getting Started
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To start with vweb, you have to import the module `vweb` and define a struct to hold vweb.Context
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(and any other variables your program will need).
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The web server can be started by calling `vweb.run(&App{}, port)` or `vweb.run(&App{}, RunParams)`
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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import vweb
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struct App {
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vweb.Context
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}
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fn main() {
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vweb.run(&App{}, 8080)
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// // or
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// vweb.run_at(new_app(), vweb.RunParams{
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// host: 'localhost'
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// port: 8099
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// family: .ip
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// }) or { panic(err) }
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}
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```
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### Defining endpoints
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To add endpoints to your web server, you have to extend the `App` struct.
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For routing you can either use auto-mapping of function names or specify the path as an attribute.
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The function expects a response of the type `vweb.Result`.
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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// This endpoint can be accessed via http://localhost:port/hello
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fn (mut app App) hello() vweb.Result {
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return app.text('Hello')
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}
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// This endpoint can be accessed via http://localhost:port/foo
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["/foo"]
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fn (mut app App) world() vweb.Result {
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return app.text('World')
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}
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```
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#### - HTTP verbs
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To use any HTTP verbs (or methods, as they are properly called),
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such as `[post]`, `[get]`, `[put]`, `[patch]` or `[delete]`
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you can simply add the attribute before the function definition.
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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[post]
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fn (mut app App) world() vweb.Result {
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return app.text('World')
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}
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['/product/create'; post]
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fn (mut app App) create_product() vweb.Result {
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return app.text('product')
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}
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```
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#### - Parameters
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Parameters are passed direcly in endpoint route using colon sign `:` and received using the same
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name at function
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To pass a parameter to an endpoint, you simply define it inside an attribute, e. g.
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`['/hello/:user]`.
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After it is defined in the attribute, you have to add it as a function parameter.
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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vvvv
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['/hello/:user'] vvvv
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fn (mut app App) hello_user(user string) vweb.Result {
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return app.text('Hello $user')
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}
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```
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You have access to the raw request data such as headers
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or the request body by accessing `app` (which is `vweb.Context`).
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If you want to read the request body, you can do that by calling `app.req.data`.
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To read the request headers, you just call `app.req.header` and access the
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header you want example. `app.req.header.get(.content_type)`. See `struct Header`
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for all available methods (`v doc net.http Header`).
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It has, too, fields for the `query`, `form`, `files`.
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#### - Query
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To handle the query context, you just need use the `query` field
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**Example:**
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```v
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module main
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import vweb
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struct App {
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vweb.Context
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}
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fn main() {
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vweb.run(&App{}, 8081)
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}
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['/user'; get]
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pub fn (mut app App) controller_get_user_by_id() vweb.Result {
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// http://localhost:3000/user?q=vpm&order_by=desc => { 'q': 'vpm', 'order_by': 'desc' }
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return app.text(app.query.str())
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}
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```
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### Middleware
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V haven't a well defined middleware.
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For now, you can use `before_request()`. This method called before every request.
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Probably you can use it for check user session cookie or add header
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) before_request() {
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app.user_id = app.get_cookie('id') or { '0' }
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}
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```
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### Redirect
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Used when you want be redirected to an url
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**Examples:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) before_request() {
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app.user_id = app.get_cookie('id') or { app.redirect('/') }
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}
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```
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```v ignore
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['/articles'; get]
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pub fn (mut app App) articles() vweb.Result {
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if !app.token {
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app.redirect('/login')
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}
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return app.text("patatoes")
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}
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```
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### Responses
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#### - set_status
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Sets the response status
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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['/user/get_all'; get]
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pub fn (mut app App) controller_get_all_user() vweb.Result {
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token := app.get_header('token')
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if !token {
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app.set_status(401, '')
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return app.text('Not valid token')
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}
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response := app.service_get_all_user() or {
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app.set_status(400, '')
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return app.text('$err')
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}
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return app.json(response)
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}
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```
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#### - html
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Response HTTP_OK with payload with content-type `text/html`
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) html_page() vweb.Result {
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return app.html('<h1>ok</h1>')
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}
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```
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#### - text
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Response HTTP_OK with payload with content-type `text/plain`
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) simple() vweb.Result {
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return app.text('A simple result')
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}
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```
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#### - json
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Response HTTP_OK with payload with content-type `application/json`
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**Examples:**
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```v ignore
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['/articles'; get]
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pub fn (mut app App) articles() vweb.Result {
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articles := app.find_all_articles()
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json_result := json.encode(articles)
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return app.json(json_result)
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}
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```
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```v ignore
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['/user/create'; post]
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pub fn (mut app App) controller_create_user() vweb.Result {
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body := json.decode(User, app.req.data) or {
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app.set_status(400, '')
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return app.text('Failed to decode json, error: $err')
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}
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response := app.service_add_user(body.username, body.password) or {
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app.set_status(400, '')
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return app.text('error: $err')
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}
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return app.json(response)
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}
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```
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#### - json_pretty
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Response HTTP_OK with a pretty-printed JSON result
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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fn (mut app App) time_json_pretty() {
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app.json_pretty({
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'time': time.now().format()
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})
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}
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```
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#### - file
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Response HTTP_OK with file as payload
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#### - ok
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Response HTTP_OK with payload
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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['/form_echo'; post]
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pub fn (mut app App) form_echo() vweb.Result {
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app.set_content_type(app.req.header.get(.content_type) or { '' })
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return app.ok(app.form['foo'])
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}
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```
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#### - server_error
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Response a server error
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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fn (mut app App) sse() vweb.Result {
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return app.server_error(501)
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}
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```
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#### - not_found
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Response HTTP_NOT_FOUND with payload
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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['/:user/:repo/settings']
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pub fn (mut app App) user_repo_settings(username string, repository string) vweb.Result {
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if username !in known_users {
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return app.not_found()
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}
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return app.html('username: $username | repository: $repository')
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}
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```
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### Requests
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#### - get_header
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Returns the header data from the key
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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['/user/get_all'; get]
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pub fn (mut app App) controller_get_all_user() vweb.Result {
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token := app.get_header('token')
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return app.text(token)
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}
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```
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#### - get_cookie
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Sets a cookie
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) before_request() {
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app.user_id = app.get_cookie('id') or { '0' }
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}
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```
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#### - add_header
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Adds an header to the response with key and val
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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['/upload'; post]
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pub fn (mut app App) upload() vweb.Result {
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fdata := app.files['upfile']
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data_rows := fdata[0].data.split('\n')
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mut output_data := ''
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for elem in data_rows {
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delim_row := elem.split('\t')
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output_data += '${delim_row[0]}\t${delim_row[1]}\t'
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output_data += '${delim_row[0].int() + delim_row[1].int()}\n'
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}
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output_data = output_data.all_before_last('\n')
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app.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename=results.txt')
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app.send_response_to_client('application/octet-stream', output_data)
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return $vweb.html()
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}
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```
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#### - set_cookie
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Sets a cookie
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) cookie() vweb.Result {
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app.set_cookie(name: 'cookie', value: 'test')
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return app.text('Response Headers\n$app.header')
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}
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```
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#### - set_cookie_with_expire_date
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Sets a cookie with a `expire_data`
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) cookie() vweb.Result {
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key := 'cookie'
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value := 'test'
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duration := time.Duration(2 * time.minute ) // add 2 minutes
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expire_date := time.now().add(duration)
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app.set_cookie_with_expire_date(key, value, expire_date)
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return app.text('Response Headers\n$app.header')
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}
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```
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#### - set_content_type
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Sets the response content type
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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['/form_echo'; post]
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pub fn (mut app App) form_echo() vweb.Result {
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app.set_content_type(app.req.header.get(.content_type) or { '' })
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return app.ok(app.form['foo'])
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}
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```
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### Template
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#### -handle_static
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handle_static is used to mark a folder (relative to the current working folder) as one that
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contains only static resources (css files, images etc).
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If `root` is set the mount path for the dir will be in '/'
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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fn main() {
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mut app := &App{}
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app.serve_static('/favicon.ico', 'favicon.ico')
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// Automatically make available known static mime types found in given directory.
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os.chdir(os.dir(os.executable()))?
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app.handle_static('assets', true)
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vweb.run(app, port)
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}
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```
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#### -mount_static_folder_at
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makes all static files in `directory_path` and inside it, available at http://server/mount_path.
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For example: suppose you have called .mount_static_folder_at('/var/share/myassets', '/assets'),
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and you have a file /var/share/myassets/main.css .
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=> That file will be available at URL: http://server/assets/main.css .
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#### -serve_static
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Serves a file static.
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`url` is the access path on the site, `file_path` is the real path to the file, `mime_type` is the
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file type
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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fn main() {
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mut app := &App{}
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app.serve_static('/favicon.ico', 'favicon.ico')
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app.mount_static_folder_at(os.resource_abs_path('.'), '/')
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vweb.run(app, 8081)
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}
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```
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### Others
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#### -ip
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Returns the ip address from the current user
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) ip() vweb.Result {
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ip := app.ip()
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return app.text('ip: $ip')
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}
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```
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#### -error
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Set a string to the form error
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**Example:**
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```v ignore
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pub fn (mut app App) error() vweb.Result {
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app.error('here as an error')
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println(app.form_error) //'vweb error: here as an error'
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}
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```
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# Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection
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## Provides protection against Cross-Site Request Forgery
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## Usage
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|
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When building a csrf-protected service, first of all create a `struct`that implements `csrf.App`
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|
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```v ignore
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module main
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import vweb
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import vweb.csrf
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// embeds the csrf.App struct in order to empower the struct to protect against CSRF
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struct App {
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csrf.App
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}
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```
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Start a server e.g. in the main function.
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```v ignore
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fn main() {
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vweb.run_at(&App{}, vweb.RunParams{
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port: 8080
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}) or { panic(err) }
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}
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```
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### Enable CSRF-protection
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Then add a handler-function to define on which route or on which site the CSRF-Token shall be set.
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```v ignore
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fn (mut app App) index() vweb.Result {
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// Set a Csrf-Cookie (Token will be generated automatically)
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app.set_csrf_cookie()
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// Get the token-value from the csrf-cookie that was just setted
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token := app.get_csrf_token() or { panic(err) }
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return app.text("Csrf-Token set! It's value is: $token")
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}
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```
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If you want to set the cookies's HttpOnly-status to false in order to make it
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accessible to scripts on your site, you can do it like this:
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`app.set_csrf_cookie(csrf.HttpOnly{false})`
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If no argument is passed the value will be set to true by default.
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### Protect against CSRF
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If you want to protect a route or a site against CSRF just add
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`app.csrf_protect()` at the beginning of the handler-function.
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```v ignore
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fn (mut app App) foo() vweb.Result {
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// Protect this handler-function against CSRF
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app.csrf_protect()
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return app.text("Checked and passed csrf-guard")
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}
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```
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